The 1922 Peninsula Malaysia Earthquakes: Rare Intraplate Seismicity within the Sundaland Block in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2531-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Servito Martin ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Muzli Muzli ◽  
Shengji Wei
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Seismic hazard in the southern Malay Peninsula located within the Sundaland block in Southeast Asia is poorly understood. The paucity of historical earthquakes and low-magnitude instrumented seismicity has led to the assumption that this region is largely aseismic. We question this point of view by reassessing historical seismicity in this region and, in particular, a pair of moderate earthquakes in the 1920s. The first of these struck on 31 January 1922 at ≈9:10  a.m. local time (LT) for which we estimate an intensity magnitude (MI) ≈5.4, and for the second earthquake on 7 February 1922 at ≈12:15  p.m. LT, we estimate MI≈5.0. We also identify at least 34 felt earthquakes between 1803 and 1950 that were potentially local within the Sundaland block. These include a very widely felt shock (or set of shocks) on 26 June 1874 that was felt in parts of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra. The discovery of these earthquakes challenges the tectonic stability of the Malay Peninsula and the stable interior of the Sundaland block. The record of historical seismicity in this region relies heavily on European sources, and we recommend locating and consulting indigenous sources to improve the current understanding of regional seismic hazard. We also underscore the need to evaluate the impact of ground motions from rare local earthquakes on the extant building stock and on transportation infrastructure that are otherwise relatively immune to the long-period effects of distant earthquakes commonly felt in the Malay Peninsula.

Seismic hazard analysis: a comparative study

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H P Hong ◽  
K Goda ◽  
A G Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Uniform Hazard Spectra ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps ◽  
Cell Method ◽  
Thiessen Polygon ◽  
The Impact

The quantitative seismic hazard maps for the 1970s National Building Code of Canada were evaluated using the Davenport–Milne method. The Cornell–McGuire method is employed to develop recent seismic hazard maps of Canada. These methods incorporate the information on seismicity, magnitude-recurrence relations, and ground motion (or response) attenuation relations. The former preserves and depends completely on details of the historical seismicity; the latter smoothes the irregular spatial occurrence pattern of the historical seismicity into seismic source zones. Further, the Epicentral Cell method, which attempts to incorporate the preserving and smoothing aspect of these methods, has been developed. However, the impact of the adopted assumptions on the estimated quantitative seismic hazard has not been investigated. This study provides a comparative seismic hazard assessment using the above-mentioned methods and simulation-based algorithms. The analysis results show that overall the Davenport–Milne method gives quasi-circular seismic hazard contours near significant historical events, and the Cornell–McGuire method smoothes the transition of contours. The Epicentral Cell method provides estimates approximately within the former and the latter. Key words: epicentral cell method, probability, seismic hazard, Thiessen polygon, Voronoi, uniform hazard spectra.

scholarly journals Examining Trade-Offs between Social, Psychological, and Energy Potential of Urban Form

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bielik ◽  
Sven Schneider ◽  
Saskia Kuliga ◽  
Danielle Griego ◽  
Varun Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Urban planners are often challenged with the task of developing design solutions which must meet multiple, and often contradictory, criteria. In this paper, we investigated the trade-offs between social, psychological, and energy potential of the fundamental elements of urban form: the street network and the building massing. Since formal methods to evaluate urban form from the psychological and social point of view are not readily available, we developed a methodological framework to quantify these criteria as the first contribution in this paper. To evaluate the psychological potential, we conducted a three-tiered empirical study starting from real world environments and then abstracting them to virtual environments. In each context, the implicit (physiological) response and explicit (subjective) response of pedestrians were measured. To quantify the social potential, we developed a street network centrality-based measure of social accessibility. For the energy potential, we created an energy model to analyze the impact of pure geometric form on the energy demand of the building stock. The second contribution of this work is a method to identify distinct clusters of urban form and, for each, explore the trade-offs between the select design criteria. We applied this method to two case studies identifying nine types of urban form and their respective potential trade-offs, which are directly applicable for the assessment of strategic decisions regarding urban form during the early planning stages.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard on the territory of Armenia: seismic zoning normative maps. Preliminary version of the new general seismic zoning map

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Г. Григорян ◽  
Дж.К. Карапетян ◽  
К.С. Казарян ◽  
Р.С. Саргсян
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seismic Zoning ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Preliminary Version ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Displacement Speed ◽  
The Impact

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с общим сейсмическим районированием (ОСР) территории Армении, а также хронология создания карт ОСР. Показана некоторая противоречивость составленных в разные периоды нормативных карт. Разработаны и внедрены национальные нормы по сейсмостойкому строительству – СНРА II-2.02.94, в которых, помимо традиционных баллов, опасность выражалась через ожидаемые максимальные значения ускорений грунтов Аmax. На основе существующих в настоящее время новых методов и технологий по оценке и картированию сейсмической опасности (сейсмического районирования) предлагается вариант вероятностной карты общего сейсмического районирования территории Армении в масштабе 1:500 000. Карта составлена на базе моделей возможных очаговых зон с оценками сейсмических потенциалов (Mmax) основных структурных элементов и сейсмического эффекта. Предложенный вариант карты СМР территории Армении существенно отличается от действующей нормативной карты. На ней впервые выделена зона с ожидаемыми максимальными значениями ускорения грунта – 0,5 g. Задача дальнейших исследований состоит в рассмотрении более сложных моделей пространственно-временного распределения очагов сильных землетрясений, более объективных и приемлемых с инженерной точки зрения количественных характеристик, определяющих характер и уровень ожидаемых воздействий и методов их картирования. Так, в рамках общей научной программы по оценке сейсмической опасности и сейсмического риска, усовершенствования методов количественной оценки параметров сейсмических воздействий в ИГИС НАН РА ведутся исследования по рассмотрению задач с использованием, кроме традиционных (смещение, скорость, ускорение), также интегральных параметров колебаний, наиболее полно характеризующих энергию воздействия In the article we made a chronological and detailed comparative analysis of general seismic zoning (GSZ) maps compiled in different periods for the territory of Armenia. Based on the developed and improved methods for assessing the parameters of seismic influences and using modern methods and technologies for assessment and mapping of seismic hazard (zoning), a probabilistic map of seismic zoning for the territory of Armenia at a scale of 1: 500,000 was compiled. The map is based on the models of possible seismic sources with estimates of seismic potentials (Mmax) of the basic structural elements (compiled by the staff of the IGES NAS RA) and the seismic effect. The proposed version of the GSZ map of the territory of Armenia differs significantly from the current normative map. A zone with the expected maximum values of ground acceleration – 0.5g is allocated on it for the first time. The task of further research is to consider more complex models of the space-time distribution of strong earthquake sources, more objective and acceptable (from an engineering point of view) quantitative characteristics that determine the nature and level of expected impacts and methods of their mapping. Thus, within the framework of the general scientific program for the assessment of seismic hazard and seismic risk, the improvement of methods for quantifying the parameters of seismic effects in the IGES NAS RA, research is being conducted to consider problems using, besides traditional (displacement, speed, acceleration), also integral parameters of vibrations, the most fully characterizing the impact energy.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

On the Impact of Aptness, Conventionality and Familiarity on Metaphor Processing from a Meta-analytical Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-106
Author(s):  
Csilla Rákosi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Metaphor Processing ◽  
The Impact

Psycholinguistic research into metaphor processing is burdened with empirical problems as experiments provide diverging evidence on the impact of conventionality, familiarity and aptness, and with conceptual issues as the interpretation and operationalization of the three concepts mentioned, as well as the related predictions which can be drawn from theories of metaphor processing, are controversial in the literature. This paper uses tools of statistical meta-analysis in order to bring us closer to the solution of these problems and reveal future lines of research.

Wacana Kolonial dalam Novel Max Havelaar: Sebuah Kajian Poskolonial

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Ramadhan Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice

AbstrakHegemoni kolonialisme dalam budaya poskolonial merupakan alasan penelitian inikemudian mengkaji wacana kolonial dalam novel Max Havellar (MH) khususnya dampakditimbulkannya. Dampak dimaksud adalah posisi keberpihakan pemikiran tersirat darikarya tersebut. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan, secara temporal maupun permanen MHmenyuarakan ketidakadilan dalam kondisi-kondisi kolonial menyangkut penindasan sangpenjajah terhadap terjajah. Hanya saja, upaya mengatasnamakan atau mewakili suarakaum terjajah terbukti mengimplikasikan ciri ideologis statis kerangka kolonialisme(orientalisme); yakni cara pandang Eropasentris, di mana “Barat” sebagai self adalah superior,dan “Timur” sebagai other adalah inferior. Dalam konteks poskolonialisme, MH dengan sifatkritisnya yang berupaya “menyuarakan” nasib pribumi terjajah, justru menampilkan stigmapenguatan kolonialitas itu sendiri secara hegemonik. Artinya, “menyuarakan” nasib pribumidimaknai sebagai keberpihankan kolonial yang kontradiktif, di mana stigma penguatankolonialitas justru lebih terasa, ujung-ujungnya melanggengkan hegemoni kolonial. Tidakmembela yang terjajah, tetapi memperhalus cara kerja mesin kolonial.AbstractThe hegemony of colonialism in the culture of postcolonial society is the reason this studythen examines the colonial discourse in the novel Max Havellar (MH) in particular the impactit brings. The impact in question is the implied position of thought in the work. The resultsof the discussion show that, temporarily or permanently, MH voiced injustice in the colonialconditions regarding the oppression of the colonist against the colonized. However, the effort toname or represent the voice of the colonized has proven to imply a static ideological characterin the framework of colonialism (orientalism); ie Eropacentric point of view, in which “West” asself is superior, and “East” as the other is the inferior. In the context of postcolonialism, MH withits critical nature that seeks to “voice” the fate of the colonized natives, actually presents thestigma of strengthening coloniality itself hegemonicly. That is, “voicing” the fate of the pribumiis interpreted as a contradictory colonial flare, where the stigma of strengthening colonialityis more pronounced, which ultimately perpetuates the hegemony of colonialism. No longerdefending the colonized, but refining the workings of the colonial machinery.

The Analyses of Learning Strategies in English as a Second Language: Theoretical Classification and Measurement Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Asti Gumartifa ◽  
◽  
Indah Windra Dwie Agustiani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The Impact

Gaining English language learning effectively has been discussed all years long. Similarly, Learners have various troubles outcomes in the learning process. Creating a joyful and comfortable situation must be considered by learners. Thus, the implementation of effective learning strategies is certainly necessary for English learners. This descriptive study has two purposes: first, to introduce the classification and characterization of learning strategies such as; memory, cognitive, metacognitive, compensation, social, and affective strategies that are used by learners in the classroom and second, it provides some questionnaires item based on Strategy of Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) version 5.0 that can be used to examine the frequency of students’ learning strategies in the learning process. The summary of this study explains and discusses the researchers’ point of view on the impact of learning outcomes by learning strategies used. Finally, utilizing appropriate learning strategies are certainly beneficial for both teachers and learners to achieve the learning target effectively.

'Planning Economic Integration7, by L.B.M. Mennes, Rotterdam University Press, 1973.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhul
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Partici Pant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integration Area

The book under review deals with economic integration among deve¬loping countries from the point of view of planning. The author believes that it is useful to approach economic integration from a planning point of view and to develop planning models for it, because the theory of economic integration relevant for developing countries should be directed towards the impact of integration on future investments and future production. The type of models used in the book are the multisector linear programming models and the method of analysis is essentially a comparison of two situations; one with economic integration and the other without. For each prospective partici¬pant a medium term planning model is drawn up taking account of its economic situation in some base year. The results of these single country planning models are analysed and compared to those of a similar planning model for the integration area as a whole. The consequences of the integration policy are then evaluated.

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