Quality of development planning is higher in low-income countries

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Low Income Countries

scholarly journals Availability, Accessibility, and Quality of Conservative Kidney Management Worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Meaghan Lunney ◽  
Aminu K. Bello ◽  
Adeera Levin ◽  
Helen Tam-Tham ◽  
Chandra Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Kidney Health

Background and objectivesPeople with kidney failure typically receive KRT in the form of dialysis or transplantation. However, studies have suggested that not all patients with kidney failure are best suited for KRT. Additionally, KRT is costly and not always accessible in resource-restricted settings. Conservative kidney management is an alternate kidney failure therapy that focuses on symptom management, psychologic health, spiritual care, and family and social support. Despite the importance of conservative kidney management in kidney failure care, several barriers exist that affect its uptake and quality.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThe Global Kidney Health Atlas is an ongoing initiative of the International Society of Nephrology that aims to monitor and evaluate the status of global kidney care worldwide. This study reports on findings from the 2018 Global Kidney Health Atlas survey, specifically addressing the availability, accessibility, and quality of conservative kidney management.ResultsRespondents from 160 countries completed the survey, and 154 answered questions pertaining to conservative kidney management. Of these, 124 (81%) stated that conservative kidney management was available. Accessibility was low worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. Less than half of countries utilized multidisciplinary teams (46%); utilized shared decision making (32%); or provided psychologic, cultural, or spiritual support (36%). One-quarter provided relevant health care providers with training on conservative kidney management delivery.ConclusionsOverall, conservative kidney management is available in most countries; however, it is not optimally accessible or of the highest quality.

The House of Love and the Mental Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murphy Halliburton
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre

The Movement for Global Mental Health has defined the person suffering psychopathology in low-income countries as an abused and suffering subject in need of saving by biomedical psychiatry. Based on fieldwork in Kerala, South India, carried out at psychiatric clinics and a psychosocial rehabilitation centre, this paper examines patients’ experiences of illness, the degree and quality of family support, and attributions made to the role of ‘sneham’, or love, in recovery. The role of love and family involvement may help explain the provocative finding by WHO epidemiological studies that ‘developing’ countries – and India in particular – showed better rates of recovery from severe mental illness when compared to developed countries.

‘It makes you someone who changes with the times’: health worker and client perspectives on a smartphone-based counselling application deployed in rural Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Hackett ◽  
Mina Kazemi ◽  
Curtis Lafleur ◽  
Peter Nyella ◽  
Lawelu Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

AbstractMobile health (mHealth) applications have been developed for community health workers (CHW) to help simplify tasks, enhance service delivery and promote healthy behaviours. These strategies hold promise, particularly for support of pregnancy and childbirth in low-income countries (LIC), but their design and implementation must incorporate CHW clients’ perspectives to be effective and sustainable. Few studies examine how mHealth influences client and supervisor perceptions of CHW performance and quality of care in LIC. This study was embedded within a larger cluster-randomized, community intervention trial in Singida, Tanzania. CHW in intervention areas were trained to use a smartphone application designed to improve data management, patient tracking and delivery of health messages during prenatal counselling visits with women clients. Qualitative data collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews illustrated mostly positive perceptions of smartphone-assisted counselling among clients and supervisors including: increased quality of care; and improved communication, efficiency and data management. Clients also associated smartphone-assisted counselling with overall health system improvements even though the functions of the smartphones were not well understood. Smartphones were thought to signify modern, up-to-date biomedical information deemed highly desirable during pregnancy and childbirth in this context. In this rural Tanzanian setting, mHealth tools positively influenced community perceptions of health system services and client expectations of health workers; policymakers and implementers must ensure these expectations are met. Such interventions must be deeply embedded into health systems to have long-term impacts on maternal and newborn health outcomes.

Sustaining Long-Run Growth and Macroeconomic Stability in Low-Income Countries—The Role of Structural Transformation and Diversification

Policy Papers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Per Capita

Diversification and structural transformation play important roles in influencing the macroeconomic performance of low-income countries (LICs). Increases in income per capita at early stages of development are typically accompanied by a transformation in a country’s production and export structure. This can include diversification into new products and trading partners as well as increases in the quality of existing products.

Moving Towards Decent Work for Street Vendors in Tanzania

Utafiti ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
Nasibu Rajabu Mramba ◽  
Nandera Ernest Mhando
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Goods And Services

Abstract Street vending is an important employment opportunity for the millions of youth, women, anyone with very few resources and the least-skilled people in low-income countries. Its popularity is due to the ease of entry into the business as far as costs, legal eligibility, and level of education. Despite their importance to local economies, street vendors operate in challenging environments that limit the productivity, the decency, and the sustainability of this kind of work. Governments should play a central role in improving the quality of work in this sector, particularly in countries where it constitutes a large proportion of the nation’s work force, and provides goods and services to so many people.

scholarly journals Integrated nutrition science: from theory to practice in South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6a) ◽  
pp. 760-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
HH Vorster ◽  
BM Margetts ◽  
CS Venter ◽  
MP Wissing
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Nutrition Research

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an integrated, holistic conceptual framework and research paradigm for a better understanding of the nutrition transition in middle- and low-income countries.MotivationCurrent inability effectively to prevent the increasing burden related to changes in food consumption patterns and other health behaviours of populations in transition motivates a new approach for nutrition research and practice. In this proposed approach, broader and integrated dimensions of science and practice may be applied for a better understanding of this complex phenomenon.ResultExamples from our own studies are given and quoted to illustrate how results from transdisciplinary studies were used to design an integrated, holistic programme to improve quality of life of people infected with HIV.ConclusionBased on these experiences it is argued that the more holistic and integrated approach should and could lead to more effective and sustainable interventions to prevent the adverse health consequences of the nutrition transition. At the same time such an approach will contribute to efforts to conserve the environment and also human, living and natural resources.

scholarly journals Governance and government debt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
João Imaginário ◽  
Maria João Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Debt Accumulation ◽  
Governance Environment ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
The Relationship

The continuous increase in debt ratios raises concerns in economic institutions concerning fiscal sustainability and its effect on the world economy. The empirical evidence has shown that both developed and developing countries have become highly indebted and fiscal deficits are not sustainable (Afonso, 2005) As such, the quality of institutions has an important role in debt accumulation (Presbitero, 2008) and fiscal stance is closely related to government institution quality as well as political and social stability (Woo, 2003). However, little attention has been devoted to the relationship between governance quality and government debt. This study examines whether the quality of governance relates to government debt. Using a sample of 164 countries for the period between 2002 and 2015, our results show that governance quality is negatively and statistically related to government debt. For low income countries evidence was found that a better governance environment is associated with lower public debt levels for low income countries, but not for high-income countries.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE ECONOMIC FACTORS IMPACT ON THE AUTOMOBILIZATION LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (159) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
N. Semchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Predicted Values

Mortality from road accidents continues to rise, amounting to 1.35 million deaths per year. It is emphasized that today injuries as a result of road accidents are the main cause of children death and young people aged 5-29 years and the three main causes of person’s death aged 5 to 44 years. Studies of road safety various aspects in different countries have shown that the world has long and steadily formed a global problem of irregular road accidents. First of all, the inverse dependence of the emergency risk on the material well-being of countries is clearly visible. The risk of death as a result of road accidents in low-income countries is three times higher than in high-income countries. The highest rates are in Africa (26.6 cases per 100,000 people) and the lowest in Europe (9.3 cases per 100,000 people). In addition, in recent years, experts are trying to link the actual accident rate in countries with the life quality of their populations. Quality of life as a concept includes not only the material level but also the satisfaction of spiritual needs, health, life expectancy, environmental conditions, moral and psychological climate, emotional comfort, etc., which ultimately determines the transport culture of the population. In this regard, it is of interest to identify links between the results of rating assessments of the people life quality in different countries and the level of these countries road safety typical. To do this, first of all it is necessary to assess the economic factors impact on the motorization level, which is insufficiently studied. The purpose is to determine the dependences of the economic factors impact, namely gross domestic product per capita and average wages, on the motorization level. The data for the study were taken from official statistical sources. The results were processed by methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis. According to the results of the experiments, regression models were obtained for European countries; Asia and Oceania; The Middle East; Africa; North, Central America and the Caribbean; South America. The comparison of the simulated values and the initial data showed a high degree of correlation. The originality lies in the fact that the regularities of the economic factors influence on the motorization level are investigated, which makes it possible to obtain predicted values in the future. Improving the efficiency and safety of vehicles on the road network is possible based on the use of the motorization level predicted values in research. The obtained research results can be used to determine the feasibility of introducing certain measures to organize traffic.

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