scholarly journals Undertaking Material and Technical Activities by Public Administration Bodies and the Right of an Individual to Be Heard

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Jakub Szremski

The right of the individual to be heard is a principle that relates to both the right to a fair trial and the right to a trial. The adjudicating entity is required, regardless of whether it is a court or a public administration body, to enable the active participation of the entity in the proceedings. The right of an individual to be heard in the context of administrative law relates mainly to the procedural situation of a party to administrative proceedings. In jurisdictional administrative proceedings, a party is guaranteed a number of procedural tools to protect its rights. First of all, the party has the opportunity to actively participate in the ongoing administrative process. Provisions of administrative procedural law allow for the submission of evidence applications, explanations, participation in the taking of evidence, as well as access to the files of a pending administrative case. The right of the individual to be heard to a limited extent should also apply to material and technical activities. An individual should be guaranteed at least minimal procedural protection in a situation where administrative bodies perform material and technical activities directly affecting their legal situation.

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
O. I. Mykolenko

Administrative process is a legal phenomenon that causes discussion and controversy among representatives of administrative law and the process both in terms of determining its content, form and functional purpose in the system of legal proceedings, and in terms of subjects, principles and substantive jurisdiction. Thus, the ideas of Ukrainian scholars about the administrative process are not always related exclusively to the understanding and legal regulation of administrative proceedings, and therefore textbooks and manuals on the disciplines "Administrative Procedure" and "Administrative Procedural Law" differ significantly in content.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Yuriy N. Starilov ◽  

The article takes a brief excursion into the scientific topics of administrative and legal issues, deeply researched by LL.D, Professor Alexander Borisovich Zelentsov. These include the development of administrative and administrative procedural law, the interaction of public administration and administrative justice, and the relationship between administrative proceedings and judicial administrative law. The new views of the scientist on the trends in limiting the subject of administrative law are considered, as well as his merits in putting forward ideas, setting tasks and setting priorities for the modernization of many elements of the system of administrative legal regulation are noted. The article analyzes the theoretical validity and practical usefulness of many of A.B. Zelentsov’s opinions concerning the improvement of the system and structure of judicial administrative law.


2019 ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Eglė Bilevičiūtė ◽  
Vaidas Milius

The article is the first scientific study in the cycle of extrajudicial mediation in the administrative process of Lithuania. The purpose. The article describes the envisaged new legal regulation of non-judicial mediation in the Lithuanian administrative law process, analyzing the works of Lithuanian scholars in this field and new draft legal acts, through the categories defined in the research tasks. The aim of the article is to briefly present and discuss the institute of non-judicial mediation in Lithuanian administrative law science and practice, its current and foreseeable development in administrative justice, to define and analyze the aims of non-judicial mediation in administrative law new legal regulation, the envisaged possibilities of non-judicial mediation as an alternative to peaceful dispute resolution in the administrative law system in Lithuania. In order to achieve the aim and objectives of the research, the analysis of Lithuanian scientists’ works and basic laws and newly drafted legal acts implementing non-judicial mediation, pre-trial administrative proceedings and Lithuanian administrative legal regulation was carried out. Methods: comparative, documents’ analysis, systematic approach and other methods were used for research. Results of research. It can be reasonably stated that Lithuania, having regard to the successful implementation of mediation in civil law, has prepared appropriate amendments to new laws and other legal acts and created an efficient operational basis for the proper functioning of non-judicial mediation in pre-trial administrative proceedings. Conclusions. Summarizing this study, it can be concluded that the legal regulation of non-judicial mediation drafted by the legislators is based on analogy with the regulation of mediation in civil law. As judicial mediation in administrative proceedings is already legally regulated, as a complete analogue to civil mediation and administrative courts already apply it in practice, it is expected that the regulation of non-judicial mediation in administrative proceedings will follow a similar model. According to the proposed non-judicial mediation model, such mediation will only be possible once the dispute has been initiated and resolved by the Lithuanian Administrative Disputes Commission or its territorial offices. Such a model is acceptable given the practical work of the commission and the existing legal regulation, and the commission could operate on the basis of the mediation model of administrative courts. However, the question of the qualifications of mediators remains unresolved, as legal theorists do not agree on what the qualifications of mediators in extrajudicial administrative proceedings should be. There is disagreement as to whether a person who has completed only a supplementary course on administrative law will acquire the necessary knowledge and qualifications, as well as whether it is necessary to have a legal education and a thorough knowledge of the principles of public administration. It should be noted that the successful application of non-judicial mediation in administrative proceedings is highly influenced by the nature of the dispute. It is believed that in administrative disputes concerning material, tax relations, civil service, administration of national, European Union and foreign financial assistance, the possibility of mediation seems realistic in order to resolve the dispute and restore the balance of social peace in a manner acceptable to all parties to the dispute. The first steps have already been taken, the law stipulates that a public administration entity may not aggravate the situation of the person subject to the decision by making or modifying the decision. The drafts initiated in this way are related to the extension of the jurisdiction of the disputes dealt with by the Administrative Disputes Commission, in the hope that before the new wording of the Law on Mediation comes into force, other legal acts will be regulated to enable successful non-judicial mediation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (58) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Juan Fernando Durán ALBA ◽  
Ivan Aparecido RUIZ ◽  
Horácio MONTESCHIO

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a obrigatoriedade de observância do princípio do julgador natural também na sindicância e no processo administrativo disciplinar, como forma de efetivar o direito e garantia fundamental na consecução do acesso à Justiça. Metodologia: A proteção aos direitos fundamentais exerce forte influência na elaboração dos textos legislativos, não ficando restrita à sua abrangência as práticas do Poder Executivo. Desta forma, a proteção dos direitos fundamentais e sua aplicação imediata representa um dos baluartes do Estado Democrático de Direito, para tanto, as reflexões serão pautadas na legislação, doutrina e decisão dos tribunais do Brasil. Resultados: Conclui-se que não deve haver comissões temporárias ad hoc constituídas após os fatos faltos, devendo haver comissões permanentes constituídas na Administração Pública. As comissões temporárias ad hoc normalmente são verdadeiras “comissões de encomenda”, prejudicando os direitos e garantias fundamentais e também os princípios da Administração Pública; ou seja, o princípio da legalidade, o princípio da moralidade, o princípio da eficiência e o princípio da impessoalidade além de outros princípios, como o princípio do devido processual legal e o princípio da segurança jurídica. Sem a observância desses princípios, não se pode tratar sobre o acesso à justiça de forma plena, útil e eficiente em que haja Justiça nas decisões. Contribuições:O entendimento claro sobre a inexistência do juízo ou tribunal de exceção no Brasil, bem como a possibilidade de aplicação do princípio do juiz natural na sindicância e no processo administrativo disciplinar. A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, no seu art. 5°., inc. XXXVII, afirma que não haverá juízo ou tribunal de exceção. Em virtude desta norma, a contrario sensu, decorre o princípio do juiz natural. Muitos estudiosos do Direito entendem que essa norma só se aplica ao processo judicial. No entanto, defende-se, no presente texto, que o referido princípio coexiste no processo administrativo e deve ser observado obrigatoriamente na sindicância e no processo administrativo disciplinar, devendo a comissão que desenvolverá toda atividade processual, principalmente a fase de instrução, ser constituída antes da ocorrência dos fatos apontados como infrações disciplinares e sujeitas à sanção administrativa. Palavras-chave: princípio do juiz natural; sindicância e processo administrativo disciplinar; comissão nomeada previamente; nulidade processual; violação de direito e garantia fundamental. ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the mandatory observance of the principle of the natural judge also in the investigation and in the disciplinary administrative process as a way of making the right and fundamental guarantee in achieving access to Justice. Methodology: The protection of fundamental rights has a strong influence on the drafting of legislative texts and the practices of the Executive Power are not restricted to its scope. The protection of fundamental rights and their immediate application represents one of the fundamentals of the Democratic State of Law, therefore the reflections will be guided by the legislation, doctrine and decision of the courts of Brazil. Results: There should be no temporary ad hoc commissions constituted after the fault facts; there must be permanent commissions constituted in the Public Administration. Temporary ad hoc commissions are usually true "commission orders", undermining fundamental rights and guarantees and also the principles of Public Administration; that is, the principle of legality, the principle of morality, the principle of efficiency and the principle of impersonality in addition to other principles, such as the principle of due process of law and the principle of legal certainty. Without the observance of these principles it is not possible to deal with access to Justice in a full, useful and efficient way in which there is justice in decisions. Contributions:A clear understanding of the absence of an exception court or tribunal in Brazil, as well as the possibility of applying the principle of the natural judge in the investigation and in the disciplinary administrative process. The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 in its article 5, paragraph XXXVII, states that there will be no exception court or tribunal. By virtue of this rule, in contrario sensu, the principle of the natural judge arises. Many law scholars understand that this rule only applies to judicial proceedings. However, it is defended in this paper that such principle co-exists in the disciplinary administrative process; the commission that will develop all procedural activity, mainly the investigation phase, will be constituted before the occurrence of the facts identified as disciplinary infractions and subject to administrative sanction. Keywords: principle of the natural judge; investigation and disciplinary administrative proceedings; previously appointed commission; procedural nullity; violation of rights and fundamental guarantee.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
A. I. Kaplunov

The article provides an overview and analysis of modern approaches to understanding the administrative process as a sectoral type of legal process that have developed in domestic theory, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the procedural legislation of the Russian Federation over the past three decades after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The process is classified as follows: complex on a jurisdictional basis; integrative; complex on the basis of managerial, judicial. Particular attention is paid to the critical analysis of the judicial approach to understanding the administrative process, the reasons for the disagreements of its supporters, firstly, with representatives of the science of civil procedural law regarding the determination of the procedural nature of administrative proceedings, and, secondly, with specialists in administrative law regarding the denial of the presence of administrative-procedural forms of activity of subjects of public administration and attempts thereby to disavow the domestic doctrine of the administrative process. The methodology for studying the nature of procedural activity is based on the analysis of the sectoral subject of legal regulation and three types of a unified method of substantive regulation (civil, administrative and criminal), the implementation channels of which are varieties of legal process in the form of civil, administrative and criminal process which are based on an adversarial or investigative type of jurisdictional process, or a law-granting type of legal process. This methodological approach made it possible: 1) to establish the sectoral procedural nature of administrative proceedings, which is determined not by the subject of a “dispute about law”, but by the method of legal regulation, represented by the civil law type of regulation of public relations, the implementation channel of which is an adversarial type of jurisdictional legal process, which is its nature as a civil process; 2) to identify the shortcomings of the model of administrative proceedings enshrined in Russian legislation, the essence of which is that an adversarial type of jurisdictional process intended for judicial protection of a person who has suffered from the actions of an official and, acting as a plaintiff in the case, is applied to persons who have violated the established prohibitions and restrictions, or committed administrative offenses and acting in the case as a defendant; 3) to substantiate the presence in the structure of the administrative process of procedural forms of activity of subjects of public administration as a channel for the implementation of the administrative-legal type of regulation of public relations and determine the list of administrative proceedings.


2019 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
I. L. Zheltobriukh

This paper explores the existing contradictions between the scientific terminology and the terminology of legislation regarding the definition of subjects and participants in the administrative process. It is noted that acquaintance with the scientific and educational- methodological literature shows that even today there is no clear justification of the relation between the terms “subject of administrative process” and “participant of administrative process”. The main reason for this state of affairs is due to differences in the laws of development of national administrative procedural legislation and the laws of development of science of administrative procedural law. It is concluded that there is a long-standing need to offer the scientific community and practitioners such a concept of relation between the terms “subject of administrative process” and “participant in administrative process”, which would reconcile the contradictions of the otological and epistemological terminology used in the CAS. The necessity to use in the science of administrative law and process justifies the concept according to which the administrative process should be considered as law enforcement activity of administrative courts related to the consideration and resolution of public law disputes. In such a case, the administrative court will always be the subject of the administrative court, whereas the parties, third parties, representatives, assistant judge, court secretary, court administrator, witness, expert, law expert, translator, specialist are only participants in the administrative process that is, persons involved in the enforcement of administrative law.


Author(s):  
Tamar Gvaramadze

This chapter discusses the impact of the pan-European principles of good administration on Georgian administrative law. It shows that the legal reforms and modern administrative legislation that started in Georgia in the 1990s were mostly influenced, and directed by, Western values and European principles, including core provisions of the Council of Europe. This influence has manifested itself, among other things, in the Georgian legislator giving constitutional importance to the right to a fair hearing in administrative proceedings and underlining the importance of good administration. Moreover, special parts of administrative law, such as regulation of local self-governance and personal data protection, have also not been immune to this influence, which has been strengthened by the progressive approach undertaken by Georgian courts.


2019 ◽  

The present volume combines contributions to the symposium on the occasion of Ulrich Ramsauer’s 70th birthday, acknowledging his activity in the fields of public law, especially environmental law and planning regulations, administrative procedural law and public administration, which has lasted more than 40 years. The contributions deal with key issues in the current discussion in administrative law: accelerated proceedings (Peter Wysk), public participation (Hans-Joachim Koch) and Europeanisation (Jörg Berkemann). In his introduction, Ivo Appel presents a short introduction to the concept of administrative legal science as a managing science. The contribution by Jochen Wagner offers an overarching thematic connection from a philosophical perspective, titled “Integration through friendship”. At the same time, he considers integration as one of the essential responsibilities of the state today.


2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Niina Mäntylä ◽  
Laura Perttola ◽  
Kristian Siikavirta

Legal coherence and predictable decision-making are the cornerstones of Finnish administrative law. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that make administrative decisions unpredictable in Finland today. Why is the challenge so significant for the authorities? The factor analysis revealed six main features affecting predictability in the legal regulation of Finnish public governance: the increasing use of soft law, the devolution of government, deregulation, the changing role of the individual, the blurring of the division between the public and the private sector and the influence of international and EU-law.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
D. A. Kirillov

With the inclusion of the category “simulation” in the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences an interest arose in studying “simulation” in the system of principles of the administrative process. The purpose of the study is to formulate general recommendations for neutralizing the negative consequences of manifestations of feign in the system of principles of the administrative process. The methodological basis of the research is materialistic dialectics and elements of conceptual analysis. The methods of analogy and generalization allow us to justify the use of the construction of “simulated legal phenomenon” for the study of the principles of the administrative process. The survey revealed obstacles to the implementation of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence. The comparative legal analysis allows us to establish the comparability of the volumes of state repression in the measures of administrative and criminal responsibility, a clearly negative assessment of simulation in administrative law compared to its neutral assessment in civil law, to identify a number of obstacles to the functioning of the principles of the administrative process. Other standard research methods are also used. The expediency of analyzing the simulation of the system of principles of the administrative process is justified; a simplified model of the system of principles of the administrative process is used for the analysis; from the standpoint of assessing legal simulation, the analysis of the principle of legality, the principle of procedural equality, the principle of guilt, the principle of presumption of innocence, as well as the principle of respect for the honor and dignity of the individual was carried out. In order to reduce the level of obvious simulation in the system of principles of the administrative process, in particular, it is recommended: in the doctrine of the administrative process to consider the principle of legality not as a reality, but as a goal; in the laws, replace the term “legality” with the term “lawfulness”; in the laws, the wording “the principle of equality before the law” and the like should be replaced with “the principle of equality of rights”; part 1 of Article 1.5 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences should be amended as follows: “a person is subject to administrative responsibility only for those socially harmful actions (acts of inaction) in respect of which his guilt is established”; part 3 of Article 1.5 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences after the words: “...is not obliged to prove his innocence” should be supplemented with the words “but has the right to disagree with all or part of the arguments confirming his guilt, or to refute them”. It is also recommended to amend the legislation in order to unify the approach to the differentiation of administrative offenses and crimes.


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