scholarly journals 3D bioprinting in microgravity: An end to organ donor shortages?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yi Fei Lu ◽  
Adam M.R. Groh
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
United Network

Countless lives have been saved with the advent of modern organ transplantation. However, the current shortage of compatible organ donors is limiting the life-saving potential of transplantation. According to the United Network for Organ Sharing, approximately 20 patients die each day in the United States while waiting for a transplant [1]. The discrepancy between supply and demand of organ donors is accentuated by a fundamental ethical dilemma associated with deceased organ donation: one person must die so that another may live [2]. The current viewpoint considers the viability of 3D bioprinting in microgravity as a solution to organ donor shortages. Current alternatives to deceased organ donation, including xenotransplantation and other state-of-the-art bioprinting techniques, are reviewed and compared to bioprinting in microgravity. The limitations of bioprinting within Earth’s gravitational field are also discussed, revealing the need for further research.

Recommendations Implicit in Policy Defaults

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R.M. McKenzie ◽  
Michael J. Liersch ◽  
Stacey R. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Recommended Course Of Action

Should people be considered organ donors after their death unless they request not to be, or should they not be considered donors unless they request to be? Because people tend to stay with the default in a variety of domains, policymakers' choice of default has large and often important effects. In the United States, where the organ-donation policy default is “not a donor,” about 5,000 people die every year because there are too few donors. Four experiments examined two domains—being an organ donor and saving for retirement—where default effects occur and have important implications. The results indicate that default effects occur in part because policymakers' attitudes can be revealed through their choice of default, and people perceive the default as indicating the recommended course of action. Policymakers need to be aware of the implicit messages conveyed by their choice of default.

scholarly journals Living Organ Donor Perspectives and Sources of Hesitancy about COVID-19 Vaccines

Kidney360 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0002112021
Author(s):  
Meera N. Harhay ◽  
Ann C. Klassen ◽  
Hasan Zaidi ◽  
Michael Mittelman ◽  
Rebecca Bertha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
Living Organ Donation

Background: Living organ donation declined substantially in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic due to concerns about donor and transplant candidate safety. COVID-19 vaccines might increase confidence in the safety of living organ donation during the pandemic. We assessed informational preferences and perspectives about COVID-19 vaccines among US living organ donors and prospective donors. Methods: We conducted a national survey study of organ donors and prospective donors on social media platforms between 12/28/2020-2/23/2021. Survey items included multiple choice, visual analog scale, and open-ended responses. We examined associations between information preferences, history of COVID-19 infection, influenza vaccination history and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance using multivariable logistic regression and performed a thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Results: Among 342 respondents from 47 US states and the District of Columbia, 35% were between 51-70 years old, 90% were non-Hispanic white, 87% were women; 82% were living donors (94% kidney) and 18% in evaluation to donate (75% kidney). The majority planned to or had received COVID-19 vaccination (77%), whereas 11% did not plan to receive a vaccine, and 12% were unsure. Adjusting for demographics and donor characteristics, respondents who receive yearly influenza vaccinations had higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance than those who do not (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 5.06, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.68-9.53). Compared to respondents who prioritized medical information sources (e.g., personal physicians and transplant providers), those who prioritized news and social media had lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.73). Low perceived personal benefit from vaccination and uncertainty about long-term safety were common themes among those declining COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusions: Donor informational source preferences were strongly associated with the likelihood of accepting a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine guidance for organ donors who are unsure about COVID-19 vaccines could incorporate messaging about safety and benefits of vaccination for healthy people.

Texas Non—Donor-Hospital Project: A Program to Increase Organ Donation in Community and Rural Hospitals

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa J. Shafer ◽  
Roger Durand ◽  
Martha J. Hueneke ◽  
William S. Wolff ◽  
Kimberly D. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural Hospitals ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Organ Procurement Organizations ◽  
Hospital Deaths

Identifying and recovering donors from community and rural hospitals present a challenge to organ procurement organizations. A study of non-donor hospitals in the United States was undertaken at Johns Hopkins University, which identified 31 hospitals (in one service area) with the facilities to accommodate organ donation, though an organ donor had not been produced in 3 years. The purpose of this study was to determine whether donors could be produced from these hospitals. A large, geographically dispersed OPO initiated a program consisting of (1) in-house coordinators, and (2) routine notification of all hospital deaths. Following implementation of this program, organ donation increased 387% among the targeted 25 hospitals. The number of hospitals producing at least 1 organ donor increased 133%. The number of organs recovered in the project increased 449%. In-house coordinators, by identifying potential donors and facilitating an organ donor awareness program, can increase the number of organ donors in hospitals with low, but real, donor potential.

Comparisons of Koreans, Korean Americans, and White Americans regarding deceased organ donation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2286-2295
Author(s):  
Hee Sun Park ◽  
Ji Youn Ryu ◽  
Yoo Jung Oh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined social responsibility and individual right perception as factors related to intention to register and to intention to avoid registering in an organ donor registry among Koreans in South Korea, Korean Americans, and White Americans in the United States. Findings showed that compared to Korean and Korean Americans, White Americans considered social responsibility to a larger extent in forming intention to avoid registering in an organ donor registry. On the contrary, the relationship between individual right and intention to avoid registering did not statistically differ among Koreans, Korean Americans, and White Americans. Other findings and implications thereof are discussed in more detail.

scholarly journals Ethical and Legal Implications of Elective Ventilation and Organ Transplantation: “Medicalization” of Dying versus Medical Mission

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Frati ◽  
Vittorio Fineschi ◽  
Matteo Gulino ◽  
Gianluca Montanari Vergallo ◽  
Natale Mario Di Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Organ Perfusion ◽  
Medical Mission ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Successful Transplantation ◽  
Italian Context

A critical controversy surrounds the type of allowable interventions to be carried out in patients who are potential organ donors, in an attempt to improve organ perfusion and successful transplantation. The main goal is to transplant an organ in conditions as close as possible to its physiological live state. “Elective ventilation” (EV), that is, the use of ventilation for the sole purpose of retrieving the organs of patients close to death, is an option which offsets the shortage of organ donation. We have analyzed the legal context of the dying process of the organ donor and the feasibility of EV in the Italian context. There is no legal framework regulating the practice of EV, neither is any real information given to the general public. A public debate has yet to be initiated. In the Italian cultural and legislative scenario, we believe that, under some circumstances (i.e., the expressed wishes of the patient, even in the form of advance directives), the use of EV does not violate the principle of beneficence. We believe that the crux of the matter lies in the need to explore the real determination and will of the patient and his/her orientation towards the specific aim of organ donation.

scholarly journals Impact of Donation Physicians on Deceased Organ Donation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Squires ◽  
Laura D. Aloisio ◽  
Wilmer John Santos ◽  
Danielle Cho-Young ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Consent Rate ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Abstract Background: An emerging strategy to increase deceased organ donation is to use dedicated donation physicians to champion organ donation. We sought to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of donation physicians in improving organ donation outcomes.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following Cochrane principles. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINHAL databases were searched from inception to March 26, 2020. Quantitative studies examining the effects of donation physicians on all deceased organ donation outcomes were considered for inclusion. Review articles, editorials and opinion articles, and case studies were excluded. Study selection was completed independently by two team members; all discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Two team members independently extracted data from studies. Results: A total of 1,017 studies were screened, and 12 met inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1994 and 2019. Half used an interrupted time series design (n = 6; 50%), three (25%) were cohort studies, and three (25%) used a before-and-after study design. Outcomes (reported in greater than 50% of included articles) included consent/refusal rate (n = 8; 67%), number of potential donors (n = 7; 58%), and number of actual donors (n = 7; 58%). Across studies and design types, there was an increase in potential organ donors ranging from 8 to 143% (Mdn = 33%), an increase in actual organ donors from 15 to 113% (Mdn = 27%), an increase in donor consent rate from -3 to 258% (Mdn = 12%) and an increase in deceased donor transplants from 13 to 24% (Mdn = 19%) following the introduction of donation physicians.Conclusions: Donation physicians have the potential to significantly improve deceased organ donation. Further implementation and evaluation of donation physician programs is warranted. However, implementation should be undertaken with a clear plan for a methodologically rigorous evaluation of outcomes.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude of law, medicine, and mass-communication students towards deceased organ donation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Pragya Paneru ◽  
Shyam S. Budhathoki ◽  
Samyog Uprety ◽  
Birendra K. Yadav ◽  
Rashmi Mulmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: With the global increase in the incidence organ failure and subsequent advancement in the medical technology, organ transplantation is growing as the best choice of treatment among the patients with various kinds of organ failure. However, the rate of deceased organ donation is relatively low in South-East Asia regions, including Nepal. This has created a mismatch between the demand and supply of organs for transplantation. World Health Organization encourages organ transplantation from a deceased organ donor as there is no risk to the donor. Thus, this paper aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of literate group specifically towards deceased organ donation.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 299 students selected conveniently from medicine, law, and mass communication streams from 9 different colleges (3 colleges from each stream) of Kathmandu. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge level was classified into three different categories based on obtained scores and attitude was analyzed based on five-point Likert scale.Results: Almost half (48.8%) of the respondents while only 7% had high level of knowledge on the organ donation and transplantation. Similarly, 95% of the people had positive attitude towards organ donation. However, there was a weak correlation between knowledge and attitude of the respondents. None of the respondents carried an organ donation card.Conclusions: There is a need to plan robust strategies to educate people on organ donation so that they can make pragmatic decisions to register their names for deceased organ donation.

Introducing an Organ Donor Registry is Saskatchewan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Zarzeczny ◽  
◽  
Luiza Radu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Evaluation Metric

On 3 September 2020, Saskatchewan launched an organ donor registry that allows participants 16 years and older to register their intent to be an organ donor either online or using a paper form. Saskatchewan has historically performed poorly at a national level with low rates of organ donations. Saskatchewan's new registry is intended to increase the numbers of organ donors in the province, while also helping to modernize its organ donation system and ease donation conversations with families. Saskatchewan's introduction of this registry brought the province in line with other provinces and territories across Canada that use similar systems, and provided a response to the surge in public interest around organ donation that followed the Humboldt Bronco bus crash tragedy and related ``Logan Boulet Effect.'' The 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 provincial budgets included dedicated funding for the development and launch of the registry, which was accompanied by a media campaign to increase public awareness. Though it is too early to evaluate the success of the registry, early indications suggest donation rates will be a key evaluation metric. Registries are commonly thought to help increase public awareness of, and support for, organ donation, but improving Saskatchewan's organ donation rates will likely also require companion measures to strengthen the culture and practice of donation in the province.

Abstract 16: Sex Disparities in Organ Donation: Finding an Equal Donor Pool

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Yee ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini ◽  
Bianca Duarte ◽  
Shannon Knapp ◽  
Nancy K Sweitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Introduction: The majority of living organ donors are women, and the majority of deceased organ donors are men. This poses a problem for transplant candidates who have worsened survival with sex mismatched organs. The objective of this study was to identify reasons for disparities in organ donation between sexes and identify strategies to increase organ donors. Methods: We conducted a fifteen question survey using a crowdsourcing marketplace, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, in September 2019. The survey assessed how participants make decisions about becoming an organ donor. The survey was distributed to U.S. adult participants, including eight write-in questions and two Likert scale questions. Qualitative descriptive analyses were used to understand reasons for and against becoming an organ donor. Quantitative results were compared with t test. Results: Among the 667 eligible participants representing 49 states, 54.9% were women and 63.1% were in the 18-40 age group. The majority of men (64.8%) and women (63.4%) were registered organ donors. Among men and women donors, three themes guided their willingness to donate: desire to help others, personal experience with organ donors/recipients, and believing organs would have no use to the donor once dead. Among men and women non-donors, decisions were guided by three themes: no reason, medical mistrust, considering becoming a donor. Themes varied by sex when considering whether to donate organs of a deceased family member. Women were guided equally by two themes: family member’s wishes and believing the deceased family member had no further use for organs. Men had similar themes but valued the family member’s wishes more. Women’s willingness to donate their own organs to family members (p=0.03) and strangers (p=0.02) was significantly higher than men. Among non-donors, both sexes would consider becoming organ donors if more information was provided. Conclusion: In a national survey of adults, women and men had similar reasons for becoming and not becoming an organ donor. However compared to men, women were more willing to donate their organs and more altruistic in the donation of family members’ organs. Women’s deceased organ donation may increase with further communication of women’s wishes before death and by improved public education about organ donation.

Trauma Patients’ Attitudes toward Organ Donation at an Urban Level I Trauma Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1493-1497
Author(s):  
John D. Cull ◽  
Katarina Ivkovic ◽  
Benjamin Manning ◽  
Edie Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Patient Responses ◽  
Level I

Many health-care workers (HCWs) surveyed at a trauma center believed their patients distrusted the organ allocation system. This study compares urban trauma patients’ (TPs) attitudes toward organ donation with attitudes from the 2012 National Survey of Organ Donation Attitudes (NSODA). TPs presenting to the trauma clinic between September 2014 and August 2015 were surveyed. Patient responses were compared with the 2012 NSODA. One hundred and thirty-three TPs (95.0%) responded to the survey. Compared with the 2012 NSODA, groups were similar with regard to a patient's desire for OD after death (Trauma: 62.4% [Confidence interval [CI]: 53.6–70.7] vs NSODA: 59.3% [CI: 56.6–61.8]) and the belief that doctors are less likely to save their life if they are an organ donor (24.8% [CI: 17.7–33.0] vs 19.6% [CI: 18.3–21.0]). Approximately, 30 per cent of patients believed discrimination prevented minority patients from receiving transplants (27.1 [CI: 19.7–35.5] vs 30.3 [CI: 28.8–31.9]). TPs were less likely than the NSODA group to donate a family members’ organs, if they did not know the family members’ wishes (56.4% [CI: 47.5–65.0] vs 75.6% [CI: 68.7–71.8]); TPs were less likely to believe the United States transplant system uses a fair approach to distribute organs (47.4% [38.7–56.2] vs 64.6% [CI: 63.0–66.2]). Adjusting for race, both groups were similar in their willingness to donate a family members’ organs; black TPs were less likely to believe the United States transplant system, which follows a fair approach in distributing organs (43.0% [CI: 32.4–54.2] vs 63.7% [59.7–67.6]). Despite HCWs perceptions, TPs had a positive view of OD. Educating HCWs on patient attitudes toward OD may decrease institutional barriers to OD.

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