scholarly journals Pharmacological Use of NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors: Novel Intervention Strategies in Diabetes-Associated Vascular Complications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiao-Long Lin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammasome Inhibitors

NLRP3 inflammasome has emerged as a key regulator of glucose and insulin homeostasis. Several studies have shown that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance . Increased oxidative stress may also contribute to NLRP3 inflammasome activation during diabetes and its complications . Therefore, selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising target to prevent diabetes and slow down the progression of its complications.

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidase 2 Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Brain after Traumatic Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merry W. Ma ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Krishnan M. Dhandapani ◽  
Darrell W. Brann
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 2

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. After the initial primary mechanical injury, a complex secondary injury cascade involving oxidative stress and neuroinflammation follows, which may exacerbate the injury and complicate the healing process. NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is a major contributor to oxidative stress in TBI pathology, and inhibition of NOX2 is neuroprotective. The NLRP3 inflammasome can become activated in response to oxidative stress, but little is known about the role of NOX2 in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation following TBI. In this study, we utilized NOX2 knockout mice to study the role of NOX2 in mediating NLRP3 inflammasome expression and activation following a controlled cortical impact. Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), as well as its downstream products cleaved caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), was robustly increased in the injured cerebral cortex following TBI. Deletion of NOX2 attenuated the expression, assembly, and activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome via a mechanism that was associated with TXNIP, a sensor of oxidative stress. The results support the notion that NOX2-dependent inflammasome activation contributes to TBI pathology.

scholarly journals Intra-articular Injection of Baicalein Inhibits Cartilage Catabolism and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in a Posttraumatic OA Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hui Bai ◽  
Rui Yuan ◽  
Zhiheng Zhang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Immunochemical Staining

Baicalein has been shown to have chondroprotective potential in vitro. However, its effect on disease modification in osteoarthritis (OA) is largely unknown. The present study is aimed at determining whether baicalein could slow the progression of OA and inhibit OA-related inflammation in a rat model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and the underlying mechanisms. The rats subjected to DMM surgery were treated with baicalein (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 μg/L, 50 μL, once a week) by intra-articular injection for 6 weeks. Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/mL, 50 μL, once a week) was used as a positive control. Histologic grading of cartilage degeneration was performed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) recommended grading system (on a scale of 0-6). The expression levels of molecules associated with cartilage homeostasis and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed; moreover, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cartilage oxidative stress-associated molecules were determined. Baicalein treatment reduced the OARSI score and slowed OA disease progression in a dose-dependent manner within a certain range. Compared with DMM rats, intra-articular injection of baicalein led to (1) reduced levels of inflammatory mediates such as IL-1β and TNF-α, (2) reduced immunochemical staining of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, (3) suppressed immunochemical staining loss of type II collagen, (4) reduced expression of cartilage degradation markers including CTX-II and COMP in urine, and (5) inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation rather than regulated expression of SOD, GSH, and MDA. In contrast to the administration of baicalein, dexamethasone injection showed similar effects to slow OA progression, while dexamethasone inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome partly through decreasing levels of SOD, GSH, and MDA. This study indicated that baicalein may have the potential for OA prevention and exerts anti-inflammatory effects partly via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation without affecting oxidative stress-associated molecules, and inhibition of cartilage catabolism enzymes in an OA rat model.

scholarly journals NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via regulation of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit phosphorylation and GLT-1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Chenxu Wang ◽  
Beibei Dong ◽  
Keliang Xie ◽  
Yonghao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Remifentanil Infusion ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Inflammasome Inhibitors

Abstract Background Although remifentanil provides perfect analgesia during operations, postoperative remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) might be a challenge to anaesthetists. Increasingly, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathway are being implicated in the initiation and maintenance of these conditions. In the present work, we examined the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to RIH via regulation of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit phosphorylation and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Methods We first tested the changes in thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia at baseline (24 h before remifentanil infusion) and 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after remifentanil infusion in a rat model of incisional pain. Then, the expression of IL-1β and GLT-1 and phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR1 subunits (Phospho-NR1) in the L4–L6 spinal cord segments were measured. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of IL-1ra, a selective IL-1β inhibitor, on behavioural tests of RIH and on the expression of GLT-1 and Phospho-NR1. In addition, we measured the expression of TLR4, P2X7R, NLRP3 and caspase-1, which are indicators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, we investigated the effects of (+)-naloxone (a TLR4 inhibitor), A438079 (a P2X7R inhibitor) and ac-YVADcmk (a caspase-1 inhibitor), which are all selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, on behavioural tests of RIH and on the expression of IL-1β, GLT-1 and Phospho-NR1. Results The initiation and maintenance of RIH was mediated by a previously unidentified mechanism--namely, remifentanil-induced spinal NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the associated release of IL-1β. Remifentanil induced significant postoperative hyperalgesia, as indicated by behavioural tests, which were markedly improved by pretreatment with IL-1ra and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. Moreover, remifentanil infusion decreased the expression of GLT-1 and increased Phospho-NR1 in the spinal cord, which were reversed by pretreatment with IL-1ra and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. More importantly, remifentanil infusion increased IL-1β expression and activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, which were significantly attenuated by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. Conclusion The above results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to RIH via regulation of Phospho-NR1 and GLT-1 by IL-1β. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation or IL-1β may be an effective and novel option for the treatment of RIH.

scholarly journals NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baochen Bai ◽  
Yanyan Yang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Chao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Clinical Drugs

Abstract Inflammasomes are a class of cytosolic protein complexes. They act as cytosolic innate immune signal receptors to sense pathogens and initiate inflammatory responses under physiological and pathological conditions. The NLR-family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most characteristic multimeric protein complex. Its activation triggers the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18, which are mediated by caspase-1, and secretes mature forms of these mediators from cells to promote the further inflammatory process and oxidative stress. Simultaneously, cells undergo pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, termed pyroptosis. The danger signals for activating NLRP3 inflammasome are very extensive, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act as an intermediate trigger to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, exacerbating subsequent inflammatory cascades and cell damage. Vascular endothelium at the site of inflammation is actively involved in the regulation of inflammation progression with important implications for cardiovascular homeostasis as a dynamically adaptable interface. Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark and predictor for cardiovascular ailments or adverse cardiovascular events, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The loss of proper endothelial function may lead to tissue swelling, chronic inflammation, and the formation of thrombi. As such, elimination of endothelial cell inflammation or activation is of clinical relevance. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective on the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aggravating oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and the possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlighted the contribution of noncoding RNAs to NLRP3 inflammasome activation-associated endothelial dysfunction, and outlined potential clinical drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome involved in endothelial dysfunction. Collectively, this summary provides recent developments and perspectives on how NLRP3 inflammasome interferes with endothelial dysfunction and the potential research value of NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential mediator of endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes liver cell pyroptosis under oxidative stress through NLRP3 inflammasome activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-hui Xie ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Xiao-xia Xie ◽  
Xiao-huang Yang ◽  
Xiao-Fan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
X Protein ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
B Virus
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