scholarly journals An Investigation of Definitions of Experimental Vaping among Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Walker ◽  
Mario A. Navarro ◽  
Jessica K. Pepper ◽  
Matthew E. Eggers ◽  
James M. Nonnemaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Multivariate Tests ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Monolithic Group ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Mean Differences

Objectives: Identifying which youth are experimenting with vaping could aid the development and evaluation of targeted media campaigns and research and surveillance activities. In this study, we sought to identify behavioral definitions that best differentiate youth experimenters and established vapers. Methods: We conducted an online survey with a non-probability sample of 1500 youth aged 13-17 who reported ever vaping. Based on recency and lifetime vaping, we constructed 12 definitions of experimenters versus more established or recent users. We examined how well each definition discriminated between experimenters and established/recent users based on correlates (eg, vaping dependence, harm perceptions) using multivariate tests of mean differences, controlling for multiple variables, and ratios of between- to within-group variance. Results: Four definitions best distinguished between experimenters and more established/recent users (ie, had greater Hotelling T2 statistics for the multivariate tests and higher ratios of between- to within-group variance). Three of these 4 identified experimenters as those with no past 30-day vaping. Conclusion: Ever vapers are not a monolithic group. Our results suggest that past 30-day use is an important criterion for distinguishing experimenters from more established users. Understanding nuances between user groups could lead to greater differentiation among ever vapers and aid campaign targeting.

Connectivity and communion: The mobile phone and the Christian religious experience in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482097018
Author(s):  
Allwell Okechukwu Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Religious Praxis ◽  
Study Participants

This article explores the integration of the mobile phone into the religious experience of Christians in Nigeria. Based on the results of an online survey and the author’s observation, it argues that the mobile phone has become an actant in the mediatization of religion, creating dependency among some users and transforming religious praxis in palpable ways. Unsurprisingly, perspectives vary on whether and how the phone should be used during worship. Attitudes coalesce around three viewpoints, leading to the emergence of user groups labelled critics, advocates, and dualists. The accounts of study participants give access into the ways some people seek to (re)configure their engagement with religion by inserting the mobile phone as a multifunctional techno-spiritual gadget.

Perceived Quality of Bus Transit Services: A Route-Level Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Nikel ◽  
Gamal Eldeeb ◽  
Moataz Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Perceived Service Quality ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Differential Perception ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Bus Services

Passengers’ perceptions of transit quality depend on their interactions with the service. However, given the varied operational features in any transit network, the perceived service quality is expected to vary between different types of operation. Recently, there has been an emphasis on addressing this issue and quantifying the variation in the perceived service quality at route level. In this respect, this study quantifies the perceived quality of bus services across different route types and user groups. A two-step cluster analysis is developed to classify bus routes based on their operational features, which is followed by a series of importance-performance analysis (IPA) models corresponding to each route type. The study is supported by a primary dataset collected from 1,883 users through an online survey in Hamilton, Canada. The emerging results indicate four predominant route types: core, standard, express, and local routes, each exhibiting a unique set of characteristics. The IPA models show an apparent variation in the perceived service quality from each route-type. In addition, there are clear indications of differential perception between passengers who use the service very frequently and other less frequent users. These results call for the consideration of variations in route level and user type in informing service quality improvements.

Vacation rentals in San Francisco, USA: a positive or negative disruption?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Patrick Tierney
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
User Groups

Purpose Vacation rentals (VRs) are growing in popularity and have disrupted the lodging industry. But they are also controversial because they can literally disrupt quiet residential neighborhoods. There is little research on users of VRs. Design/methodology/approach An online survey of 10,000 festival attendees in San Francisco determined if they stayed in VR or commercial lodging and their spending. A second survey of 402 respondents who stayed in a VR asked about their motivations for renting a VR and their evaluation of the experience. Findings Results showed users of VRs were motivated by low cost, a convenient location and the nature of the neighborhood. VR user groups were more likely to rent high-end properties, than commercial users. But on a per-person per-day basis, VR users spent $183 on lodging, compared with $264 spent by those opting for a CL. Over half of the respondents stated that the availability of VRs increased the likelihood of them attending the event. Practical implications Results suggest that VRs help cover housing costs of VR owners and provide a desired, unique and low-priced lodging opportunity, which can encourage attendance at events. But VRs have both positive and negative disruptive impacts, and more regulation is coming in high-profile urban tourist destinations to mitigate negative effects. Originality/value This study consists of original research into VRs, which is a rapidly evolving component of hospitality industry.

Brand Affiliation Through Curved and Angular Surfaces Using the Example of the Vehicle Front

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Sebastian Fischer ◽  
Daniel Holder ◽  
Thomas Maier
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
Semantic Effect ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
User Groups

Abstract With visual similarity products can be assigned to a brand. The brand assignment based on shapes has only examined the contours (orientation, proportion and position) of selected elements so far. This paper investigates whether brand affiliation is also related to different surface types (curved and angular). For the investigation the vehicle front was selected. Distinguishable contours and surfaces were selected according to their semantic effect (friendliness, aggressiveness and perceived gender). The contours of the headlights and the lower air intake were determined based on anthropometric investigations (smiling and frowning faces) and were selected to be neutral to existing brands. Comparable semantic effects were found for curved and angular surfaces. Self-made vehicle fronts were designed with these parameters. An online survey was conducted with 150 users. First of all, the effects of the stimulus patterns generated for the factors contour (face) and surface were confirmed in the survey. Then the stimulus patterns were evaluated in pairs regarding their brand affiliation. The results show that brand affiliation can be implemented with contours and surfaces. Furthermore, it was determined that there are two user groups which differ in the evaluation of the brand affiliation.

IFRSs Convergence and Expectation Gap: Vindication from Practitioners

Metamorphosis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Deb ◽  
Joydeep Das
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Statistical Results

The study has attempted to measure the Indian practitioners’ expectation gaps about IFRSs convergence. Based on literature, two hypotheses, a conceptual model and a questionnaire, have been formed. Through protocol interviews followed by a pretest, the questionnaire has been tested (reliability and validity) before conducting the online survey. A total of 159 sample responses has been assessed to measure the gaps on four major parameters. For assaying the gaps, the arithmetic and weighted arithmetic mean differences and paired sample t-test have been applied, which have indicated the likely persistence of gaps. The significant statistical results have indicated likely to reject the null hypotheses and it has to conclude that regulatory requirements have influenced in convergence and the Ind AS probably to improve the reporting practices, audit qualities and analysts’ forecasting. Study limitations, practical implications and roadmap for further research have also been indicated.

Exploring the Use of Mobile Data Services in Europe

2011 ◽  
pp. 134-149
Author(s):  
Ioanna D. Constantiou ◽  
Maria Bina
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Mobile Data Services ◽  
Data Services ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Services Use

Mobile data services seem a promising revenue source for the stakeholders that have heavily invested on mobile communications infrastructures. However, in the Western world those services have not reached the mass markets yet. This chapter focuses on two markets that are representative of the European socio-economic environment, Greece and Denmark, with the aim to investigate and compare mobile data services use through the means of an online survey. We depict two user groups and observe their behaviors in both countries. The results indicate differences in locations and frequency of services use that can be attributed to specific socio-economic characteristics. However, certain similarities exist in the experience derived from mobile data service use since users believe that services cannot cater for their specific needs. We conclude by underlining the current challenges faced by mobile service providers in order to increase mobile data services use and summarizing user groups’ characteristics.

Consumer perceptions of the Nutrition Facts table and front-of-pack nutrition rating systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri E. Emrich ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Julio E. Mendoza ◽  
Wendy Lou ◽  
Joanna E. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Indicator Systems

Preferences for, and consumer friendliness of, front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition rating systems have not been studied in a Canadian population, and studies comparing systems that are accompanied by mandatory labelling, such as Canada’s Nutrition Facts table (NFt), are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 4 FOP systems relative to the NFt with respect to consumer friendliness and their influence on perceptions of the healthiness and nutrient content of food. Canadian consumers (n = 3029) participating in an online survey were randomized to score the consumer friendliness of 1 of 5 FOP conditions with or without an NFt and to score the healthiness and nutrient content of 2 foods using the provided label(s). The mean differences in scores were evaluated with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for age, gender, and education, with Tukey–Kramer adjustments for multiple comparisons. The NFt received the highest scores of consumer friendliness with respect to liking, helpfulness, credibility, and influence on purchase decisions (p < 0.05); however, consumers still supported the implementation of a single, standardized FOP system, with the nutrient-specific systems (a “Traffic Light” and a Nutrition Facts FOP system) being preferred and scored as more consumer friendly than the summary indicator systems. Without the NFt, consumer ratings of the healthiness and calorie and nutrient content differed by FOP system. With the NFt present, consumers rated the healthiness and calorie and nutrient content similarly, except for those who saw the Traffic Light; their ratings were influenced by the Traffic Light’s colours. The introduction of a single, standard, nutrient-specific FOP system to supplement the mandatory NFt should be considered by Canadian policy makers.

scholarly journals Leveraging social network sites for new product launch

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 2400-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Lynn Roberts ◽  
Marina Candi ◽  
Mathew Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
New Product ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Product Launch

Purpose The ability to make use of social network sites (SNSs) to promote new products and facilitate positive word of mouth around new product launch (NPL) presents an important opportunity. However, the mechanisms and motivations of SNS users are not well understood and businesses frequently fail to realise these opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the forces that motivate people to spend time on SNS sites and how these motivations are related with people’s propensity to engage in behaviours that can be beneficial for NPL. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses are tested using data collected using an online survey from a broad sample of SNS users worldwide. Findings People who spend time on SNSs to be challenged, to escape, or to connect with others are more likely than other users to pay attention to advertisements on SNS. Users that spend time on SNSs in the pursuit of information, to be challenged, or to connect with others are more likely than other users to provide word of mouth reviews and recommendations about products. Research limitations/implications The authors make an empirical contribution to knowledge by providing evidence about the categories of user motivations for engagement with SNSs that might be related with their contributions to NPL activities, namely, paying attention to advertisements and providing WOM recommendations. Practical implications By understanding what motivates SNS users, firms can identify potentially valuable users and develop a more strategic and targeted approach to NPL. This can help firms turn disappointing social media campaigns into more successful ones. Social implications Whilst the growth in usage of SNS has important implications for business and NPL there are also wider societal implications. Arguably, even before the widespread adoption of SNSs, society has been in a state of flux and transition as people sought to liberate themselves from the norms and social codes of previous generations. We have witnessed a rise of individualism, associated with values such as personal freedom and where people actively construct their own identities. Somewhat ironically, individualism has motivated people to seek alternative social activities and form communities, such as those on SNSs where they can fulfil their need for connection and belonging. SNSs appear to have accelerated this trend. Originality/value This study provides new insights about the use of SNSs for NPL and what motivates users to engage in behaviours that are beneficial to NPL.

scholarly journals Long-Term Access to Sit-Stand Workstations in a Large Office Population: User Profiles Reveal Differences in Sitting Time and Perceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidewij Renaud ◽  
Maaike Huysmans ◽  
Hidde van der Ploeg ◽  
Erwin Speklé ◽  
Allard van der Beek
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Office Employees

Background: To decrease the detrimental health effects of prolonged sitting, the implementation of sit-stand workstations is a commonly used intervention for office workers. Most studies on this topic evaluated the effects of newly introduced sit-stand workstations. The objective of this study was to determine how often and how long the standing option is used and how the use of sit-stand workstations is perceived in office workers with long-term access to these workstations. Methods: Using an online survey, 1098 office employees responded to questions about frequency of usage of the sit-stand workstation, sitting time, physical activity, and positive and negative perceptions of the use of the sit-stand workstations. Results: Based on the frequency of use, three user groups were identified: non-users (32.1%), monthly/weekly users (37.5%) and daily users (30.4%). Non-users reported to sit more, stand less and have longer bouts of sitting, compared to monthly/weekly users, and these differences were even larger compared to daily users. A higher proportion of daily users perceived the use of the sit-stand workstation as being more healthy and appealing and making them more productive and energetic compared to the non-users. A higher proportion of the non-users perceived it as being uncomfortable, distracting, and unpractical, compared to the other user groups. Conclusions: The differences between the three identified user groups with respect to sitting, standing and perceptions of sit-stand workstations, might be helpful in tailoring future interventions to reduce occupational sitting time, to increase the reach, effectiveness and sustainability.

Rewarding the good and penalizing the bad? Consumers’ reaction to food retailers’ conduct

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 2539-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Mai Vo ◽  
Monika Hartmann ◽  
Nina Langen
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Firm Behavior ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multivariate Tests ◽  
Responsible Conduct ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Firm Conduct

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain insights into Vietnamese consumers’ knowledge and relevance of as well as their reaction to modern food retailers (MFRs) responsible and irresponsible conduct. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from an online survey applying content analysis, uni- and multivariate tests and multivariate regression models. Findings In total, 60 percent of respondents are not aware of (ir)responsible conduct of MFR. Most of those aware of such behavior indicate that this has induced a change in their shopping behavior. This holds to a similar extent for those not aware but envisaging the (ir)responsible conduct of MFRs. The findings point to a negativity bias in that consumers’ reaction is more sensitive regarding irresponsible than responsible firm behavior. This bias is higher for consumers already knowledgeable about the (ir)responsible behavior of MFRs. The likelihood that consumers punish irresponsible conduct is influenced by the importance they attach to “food quality and safety” while those having high concerns for environmental, social and ethical’ issues are more likely to reward responsible firm actions. Research limitations/implications The negativity bias which implies that consumers react more sensitive regarding irresponsible than responsible firm behavior is likely underestimated in hypothetical studies. Practical implications Customer loyalty is at stake for MFRs behaving irresponsible while it can be strengthened by responsible firm conduct. Originality/value This research is the first to highlight the importance consumers in Vietnam attach to responsible firm conduct. It also points to a lack of awareness of such behavior.

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