Retinal Postphotoreceptor Layers and Macular Electroretinogram in Retinitis Pigmentosa

Purpose: to assess the inner retinal layer’s changes of the central retina in comparison with bioelectrical activity of macula assessed by MERG and with thickness of photoreceptor retinal layers in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.Patients and methods: 10 patients (20 phakic eyes) with RP were examined. Mean age was 27.0 ± 18.5 years. Mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.38 ± 0.22. The fundus photography electrophysiological studies were performed besides standard ophthalmological examination. Maximal electroretinogram (ERG) or cone-rod response, ERG to 30 Hz flicker and macular ERG were registered with electroretinograph MBN (Russia). Images were acquired using the protocol of scanning Macula radial (12 lines 9 mm long, each radial image is the average out of 50 scans) with settings ultrafine with automatic segmentation of the retina and calculation thickness. Retinal segmentation with the following calculation of different retinal layers was performed on SD-OCT RS-3000 Advance (Nidek, Japan) with obtainment of the map with 6 mm in diameter in accordance with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS).Results. We revealed increased thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), decrease of thickness of ganglion cell layer (GCL) (p < 0,05) and normal (p > 0,05) inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness. These structural changes are associated with the decrease of bioelectric macula’s activity measured by MERG (decrease of α- and β-wave amplitude) and decrease the thickness of photoreceptor layers in all zones according to EDTRS.Conclusion. Increase of thickness RNFL, decrease of GCL’s thickness and normal INL in patients with RP is associated with decrease of thickness of photoreceptor layers in EDTRS zones and decrease of amplitude of MERG.

Download Full-text

Retinal Layers Changes in Human Preclinical and Early Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Support Early Retinal Neuronal and Müller Cells Alterations

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2013/905058 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Stela Vujosevic ◽

Edoardo Midena

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Retinal Ganglion ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

Sd Oct ◽

Peripapillary Area

Purpose. To evaluate the changes in thickness of individual inner and outer macular and peripapillary retinal layers in diabetes.Methods. 124 subjects (124 eyes) were enrolled: 74 diabetics and 50 controls. Macular edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), any intraocular treatment and refractive error>6diopters were the main exclusion criteria. Full ophthalmic examination, stereoscopic fundus photography, and spectral domain-OCT were performed. After automatic retinal segmentation (layering) in 5 layers, the thickness of each layer was calculated, and values compared among groups.Results. Thirty patients had no DR, 44 patients had non proliferative DR. A significant increase of inner plexiform and nuclear layers was found in DR eyes versus controls (P<0.001). A significant decrease (P<0.01) of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and at specific sites of retinal ganglion cell layer (P=0.02) was documented in the macula. In the peripapillary area there were no differences between diabetics and controls.Conclusions. Decreased RNFL thickness and increased INL/OPL thickness in diabetics without DR or with initial DR suggest early alterations in the inner retina. On the contrary, the outer retina seems not to be affected at early stages of DM. Automatic intraretinal layering by SD-OCT may be a useful tool to diagnose and monitor early intraretinal changes in DR.

Download Full-text

Ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0258636

Author(s):

Ireneusz Balicki ◽

Małgorzata Goleman ◽

Agnieszka Balicka

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Progressive Retinal Atrophy ◽

Ocular Abnormalities ◽

Retinal Lesions ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Hunting Dogs ◽

Interdigitation Zone ◽

Sd Oct

This study aimed to describe and determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs. The study was conducted with 193 Polish Hunting Dogs: 101 female and 92 male animals, aged between 3 months and 12 years. Ophthalmic examinations were performed using slit lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and tonometry based on the ophthalmological protocol for the examination of hereditary eye diseases. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed for dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), while electroretinography was also performed in dogs with SARDS. Five dogs (2.6%) were diagnosed with cataract, iris coloboma in 3 dogs (1.6%), ocular dermoid in 1 dog (0.5%), and retinal dysplasia, distichiasis and entropion in 1 dog (1%). Three dogs (1.6%) were diagnosed with PRA and SARDS occurred in 1 dog. Retinal lesions was observed in 16 dogs (8.3%). The clinical signs of retinopathy observed in Polish Hunting Dogs included discoloration of the tapetal fundus, patchy increased reflectivity in the region of discoloration, focus of hyperpigmentation and an area of tapetal hyper-reflectivity with a pigmented center. SD-OCT performed in the 3 dogs with PRA revealed alteration in the retinal layers, which was most advanced in the non-tapetal fundus. Although SD-OCT revealed retinal layers with normal architecture only in some parts of the dorsal, nasal and temporal regions in dogs with SARDS, areas of disorganized external limiting membrane, myeloid zone, ellipsoid zone, outer photoreceptor segment and interdigitation zone were also observed. Polish Hunting Dogs should undergo periodic ophthalmological examination for the evaluation of other hereditary eye diseases. The prevalence of retinal lesions in Polish Hunting Dogs requires further research.

Download Full-text

Visual field loss and structure–function relationships in optic neuritis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458520937281 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135245852093728

Author(s):

Romain Deschamps ◽

Manon Philibert ◽

Cedric Lamirel ◽

Jerome Lambert ◽

Vivien Vasseur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Visual Field Loss ◽

Visual Outcome ◽

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Fiber Layer

Background: A paradoxical discrepancy between severe peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) atrophy and good visual outcome had been reported in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG)-associated optic neuritis (ON). However, only visual acuity (VA) was assessed. Objectives: To study visual field (VF) outcomes of patients with MOG-IgG-associated ON and evaluate the correlation between functional eye outcome and retinal structural changes assessed by optical coherence tomography. Methods: The records of 32 patients with MOG-IgG-associated ON who underwent ophthalmological examination at least 12 months after ON onset were reviewed. Degree of VF disability was determined by mean deviation (MD). Results: At final assessment (median, 35 months), 4.2% of 48 affected eyes (AE) had VA ⩽ 0.1, 40% had abnormal MD, and among AE with final VA ⩾ 1.0, 31% had mild to moderate damage. Thinning of the inner retinal layers was significantly correlated with MD impairment. Analysis demonstrated a threshold of pRNFL thickness (50 µm), below which MD was significantly worse (mean, −2.27 dB vs −17.72 dB; p = 0.0003). ON relapse was significantly associated with poor visual outcome assessed by MD. Conclusion: Functional impairment measured with VF is not rare, and MD assessment better reflects actual structural damage.

Download Full-text

Novel mutations in the 3-box motif of the BACK domain of KLHL7 associated with nonsyndromic autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases ◽

10.1186/s13023-019-1275-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jin Kyun Oh ◽

Jose Ronaldo Lima de Carvalho ◽

Young Joo Sun ◽

Sara Ragi ◽

Jing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Fundus Autofluorescence ◽

Retinal Dystrophy ◽

Protein Modeling ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Imaging Biomarkers ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Gene Panel Testing ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Background Mutations in the Kelch-like protein 7 (KLHL7) represent a recently described and, to date, poorly characterized etiology of inherited retinal dystrophy. Dominant mutations in KLHL7 are a cause of isolated, non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP). In contrast, recessive loss-of-function mutations are known to cause Crisponi or Bohring-Opitz like cold induced sweating syndrome-3 (BOS-3). In this study, the phenotype and progression of five unrelated patients with KLHL7 mediated autosomal dominant RP (adRP) are characterized. Clinical evaluation of these patients involved a complete ophthalmic exam, full-field electroretinography (ffERG), and imaging, including fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), short wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF), and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIR-AF). Molecular diagnoses were performed using whole-exome sequencing or gene panel testing. Disease progression was monitored in three patients with available data for a mean follow up time of 4.5 ± 2.9 years. Protein modeling was performed for all variants found in this study in addition to those documented in the literature for recessive loss-of-function alleles causing Crisponi or Bohring-Opitz like cold-induced sweating syndrome. Results Genetic testing in three patients identified two novel variants within the 3-box motif of the BACK domain: c.472 T > C:p.(Cys158Arg) and c.433A > T:p.(Asn145Tyr). Clinical imaging demonstrated hyperautofluorescent ring formation on both SW-AF and NIR-AF in three patients, with diffuse peripheral and peripapillary atrophy seen in all but one case. SD-OCT demonstrated a phenotypic spectrum, from parafoveal atrophy of the outer retina with foveal sparing to widespread retinal thinning and loss of photoreceptors. Incidence of cystoid macular edema was high with four of five patients affected. Protein modeling of dominant alleles versus recessive loss-of-function alleles showed dominant alleles localized to the BTB and BACK domains while recessive alleles were found in the Kelch domain. Conclusions We report the phenotype in five patients with KLHL7 mediated adRP, two novel coding variants, and imaging biomarkers using SW-AF and NIR-AF. These findings may influence future gene-based therapies for adRP and pave the way for mechanistic studies that elucidate the pathogenesis of KLHL7-mediated RP.

Download Full-text

Thicknesses of Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/6853258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Zheren Xia ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Suilian Zheng

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Macular Area ◽

Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Fellow Eyes ◽

Sd Oct

Objective. To investigate the thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Thirty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and fifty-seven children with normal vision were recruited in the study. Both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia and the right eyes of normal controls underwent scanning with the Spectralis OCT. The segmentation of retinal layers was performed automatically to measure individual inner retinal layers in the five sectors of the macular. An independent sample t -test was applied to compare the mean layer thicknesses of anisometropic eyes and fellow eyes with those of control eyes. Results. There was no significant difference in the total macular thickness between amblyopic and control eyes. However, in the peripheral macular area, three of the four quadrants of both the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes compared to control eyes. Moreover, two of the four quadrants of the GCL thickness and three of the four quadrants of the IPL thickness in the peripheral macular area were significantly reduced in fellow eyes than in control eyes. Conclusion. The SD-OCT data revealed differences in the thicknesses of some macular inner retinal layers in both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia compared with those with emmetropia, indicating that structural changes might exist in the retina of children with amblyopia.

Download Full-text

Thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia

10.21203/rs.2.10308/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zheren Xia ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Suilian Zheng

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Macular Area ◽

Normal Vision ◽

Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fellow Eyes ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Background To investigate the thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Thirty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and fifty-seven children with normal vision participated in the study. Both eyes of children with amblyopia and the right eyes of children with normal vision underwent scanning with the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The segmentation of retinal layers was performed automatically to measure individual inner retinal layers in the five sectors of the macula. An independent-sample t-test was used to compare measurements of anisometropic eyes and fellow eyes with control eyes. Results There was no significant difference in the total macular thickness in the five sectors between amblyopic and control eyes. However, in the peripheral macular area, three of the four quadrants of both the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes than in control eyes. Moreover, two of the four quadrants of the GCL thickness and three of the four quadrants of the IPL thickness in the peripheral macular area were significantly reduced in fellow eyes than in control eyes. Conclusions The SD-OCT data revealed differences in the thicknesses of some macular inner retinal layers in both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia compared with those with emmetropia, indicating that structural changes might exist in the retina of children with amblyopia.

Download Full-text

High-Resolution SD-OCT and EDI-OCT in the Evaluation and Management of Multifocal Serpiginoed Choroditis

Journal of Ophthalmic Science ◽

10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-19-2480 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Eman Abo Taleb ◽

Manish P. Nagpal ◽

Navneet S. Mehrotra

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Outer Segment ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Depth Image ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Vitreoretinal Interface ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose To describe spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth image OCT (EDI-OCT) findings of multifocal serpiginoid choroditis (MSC) , including affected layer of retinal involvement, changes at the vitreoretinal interface, and response to therapy. Methods A retrospective review of 20 eyes (14 patients) with MSC. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, fundus photography, fundus autoflorecence (FAF) and OCT imaging of the affected retina at the initial visit and on each follow-up. Results In acute stage, SD-OCT showed hyperreflective areas involving the outer retinal layers which include retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor outer segment tips (POST), inner segment–outer segment (IS/OS) junction, external limiting membrane (ELM), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) with choroidal and intraretinal layer cells infiltrate. EDI-OCT showed increase choroidal thickness. As the lesions began to heal, irregular, knobby elevations of outer retinal layers appeared (RPE, POST, IS/OS junction, and ELM could not be distinguished) with significant decrease in choroidal and intraretinal cells. On complete healing, loss of RPE, POST, IS/OS junction, and ELM in SD-OCT scan and absent of the choroidal and intraretinal cells and continous hyperreflactivity of the choroid (increased penetrance). Conclusion SD-OCT and EDI-OCT provides high-resolution detail regarding ultrastructural changes in vitreoretinal interface, outer retina and choroid during the course of the lesion. Serial SD-OCT and EDI-OCT also provides further insight into response to therapy by observing choroidal and intraretinal cells.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Retinitis Pigmentosa Using Optic Coherence Tomography

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/157365 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Medine Aslı Yıldırım ◽

Burak Erden ◽

Mehmet Tetikoğlu ◽

Özlem Kuru ◽

Mustafa Elçioğlu

Keyword(s):

Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽

Nerve Fiber ◽

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽

Control Group ◽

Optic Coherence Tomography ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

Temporal Quadrant ◽

Inferior Quadrant ◽

Sd Oct

Aim. To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients using spectral domain optic coherence tomography (Sd-OCT).Methods. We retrospectively examined medical records of forty-four eyes of twenty-two RP patients. The results were also compared with those of previously reported forty-four eyes of twenty-two normal subjects (controls). Records of average and four quadrants peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements using Sd-OCT were assessed.Results. In RP patients the mean RNFL thickness was 97.57 ± 3.21 μm. The RNFL in the superior, temporal, nasal, and inferior quadrants was 119.18 ± 4.47 μm, 84.68 ± 2.31 μm, 75.09 ± 3.34 μm, and 113.88 ± 4.25 μm, respectively. While the thinning of RNFL was predominantly observed in the inferior quadrant, the thickening was mostly noted in temporal quadrant. The differences between mean, superior, and nasal quadrant RNFL thicknesses were not statistically significant when compared with control group. The RP patients had thinner inferior quadrant and thicker temporal quadrant than control group (p<0.05).Conclusion. Sd-OCT is highly sensitive and effective instrument to detect RNFL changes in RP patients. RNFL measurements can provide information about the progression of retinitis pigmentosa and may provide prognostic indices for future treatment modalities.

Download Full-text

Structural Changes in Individual Retinal Layers in Diabetic Macular Edema

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2013/920713 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Tomoaki Murakami ◽

Nagahisa Yoshimura

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Macular Edema ◽

Diabetic Macular Edema ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Visual Disturbance ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Hyperreflective Foci ◽

Photoreceptor Damage ◽

Sd Oct

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled objective measurement of the total retinal thickness in diabetic macular edema (DME). The central retinal thickness is correlated modestly with visual impairment and changes paradoxically after treatments compared to the visual acuity. This suggests the clinical relevance of the central retinal thickness in DME and the presence of other factors that affect visual disturbance. Recent advances in spectral-domain (SD) OCT have provided better delineation of the structural changes and fine lesions in the individual retinal layers. Cystoid spaces in the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer are related to quantitative and qualitative parameters in fluorescein angiography. OCT often shows vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in eyes with sponge-like retinal swelling. Serous retinal detachment is sometimes accompanied by hyperreflective foci in the subretinal fluid, which exacerbates the pathogenesis at the interface of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Photoreceptor damage at the fovea is thought to be represented by disruption of the external limiting membrane or the junction between the inner and outer segment lines and is correlated with visual impairment. Hyperreflective foci in the outer retinal layers on SD-OCT images, another marker of visual disturbance, are associated with foveal photoreceptor damage.

Download Full-text

COVID-19: More than a Respiratory Virus, An Optical Coherence Tomography Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-160946/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

ESRA DAG SEKER ◽

Elif Inci ERBAHCECI TIMUR

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Control Group ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Ocular Pain ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate anatomic and morphologic features of inner and outer retinal layers in patients recovered from COVID-19 with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), whwther correlate with any symptoms during disease process.Methods: 32 patients recovered from COVID-19; age and gender matched 36 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, macular and periapiller retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the outer retinal hyperreflective bands including external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ) were examined with SD-OCT. The differences of each retinal layers thickness among subgroup analysis of ocular pain and headache were also compared. Results: Macular RNFL of inner and outer nasal and outer inferior quadrants were thinner in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy control group. (p=0.046, p=0.014 and p=0.016, respectively). Thinning in outer superior quadrant of GCIPL and INL quadrants were detected in patients with headache (p=0.026 and p=0.01). Superonasal and inferotemporal sectors of pRNFL were thinner in patients with ocular pain compared to patients without ocular pain (p=0.024 an p=0.015). Integrity of EZ, ELM and IZ were evaluated as continious line and protected on each OCT scans. Conclusion: The study demostrated convincing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the inner and outer retinal layers, with subclinical localized alterations particularly in patients with headache and ocular pain symptoms during COVID-19 period.

Download Full-text