scholarly journals Ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258636
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Balicki ◽  
Małgorzata Goleman ◽  
Agnieszka Balicka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Progressive Retinal Atrophy ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Retinal Lesions ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Interdigitation Zone ◽  
Sd Oct

This study aimed to describe and determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs. The study was conducted with 193 Polish Hunting Dogs: 101 female and 92 male animals, aged between 3 months and 12 years. Ophthalmic examinations were performed using slit lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and tonometry based on the ophthalmological protocol for the examination of hereditary eye diseases. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed for dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), while electroretinography was also performed in dogs with SARDS. Five dogs (2.6%) were diagnosed with cataract, iris coloboma in 3 dogs (1.6%), ocular dermoid in 1 dog (0.5%), and retinal dysplasia, distichiasis and entropion in 1 dog (1%). Three dogs (1.6%) were diagnosed with PRA and SARDS occurred in 1 dog. Retinal lesions was observed in 16 dogs (8.3%). The clinical signs of retinopathy observed in Polish Hunting Dogs included discoloration of the tapetal fundus, patchy increased reflectivity in the region of discoloration, focus of hyperpigmentation and an area of tapetal hyper-reflectivity with a pigmented center. SD-OCT performed in the 3 dogs with PRA revealed alteration in the retinal layers, which was most advanced in the non-tapetal fundus. Although SD-OCT revealed retinal layers with normal architecture only in some parts of the dorsal, nasal and temporal regions in dogs with SARDS, areas of disorganized external limiting membrane, myeloid zone, ellipsoid zone, outer photoreceptor segment and interdigitation zone were also observed. Polish Hunting Dogs should undergo periodic ophthalmological examination for the evaluation of other hereditary eye diseases. The prevalence of retinal lesions in Polish Hunting Dogs requires further research.

scholarly journals Clinical signs of brachycephalic ocular syndrome in 93 dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Costa ◽  
Andrea Steinmetz ◽  
Esmeralda Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Microsoft Office

Abstract Background Brachycephalic breeds have anatomical skull changes that are responsible for ocular clinical signs, known as the brachycephalic ocular syndrome (BOS). Their popularity has increased in recent years but the excessive pressure of selection lead to extreme conformation of skull shapes, resulting in facial alterations that can put these dogs’ vision at risk. Objectives This study aimed to analyse the ocular disorders in a sample of 93 brachycephalic dogs to better characterize the disease complex BOS. Material and methods Brachycephalic dogs were submitted to a complete ophthalmological examination. The studied parameters included animal’s sex, age and breed, age, ophthalmological tests performed, results of complementary exams, clinical signs, ocular disorders, treatment protocols and their outcomes. Data were organized using Microsoft Office Excel 2007® and statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20®. Results The studied population included 93 brachycephalic dogs 45 males (48%) and 48 females (52%) from different breeds: French Bulldog (n = 38), Shih-Tzu (n = 22), Pug (n = 17), English Bulldog (n = 5), Pekingese (n = 4), Boxer (n = 4) and Boston Terrier (n = 3), aged between 0.2–16 years, median 4.65 years. The most frequent ocular abnormalities were corneal ulcers in 44%, corneal pigmentation in 36%, corneal fibrosis in 25% and entropion in 22% of the animals. There was a higher incidence of corneal pigmentary keratitis in Pugs (53%) and corneal fibrosis in Shih Tzus (36%). The most common surgical techniques were medial canthoplasty in 22%, conjunctival flap in 10% and electroepilation in 7% of the cases, without post-operative complications. Conclusions: This study contributed to a better characterization of the disease complex brachycephalic ocular syndrome. The percentage of ocular disorders like entropion, corneal pigmentation, fibrosis and ulcers was high, highlighting the importance of a regular ophthalmological check-up, and early diagnosis of the primary disorders. A higher incidence of corneal pigmentation was noticed in Pugs and corneal fibrosis in Shih Tzus, which suggests that some brachycephalic breeds may be predisposed to certain ocular abnormalities. A responsible reproductive strategy should be implemented to avoid undesired transmission of the abnormal traits to the offspring.

scholarly journals Retinal Postphotoreceptor Layers and Macular Electroretinogram in Retinitis Pigmentosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Zolnikova ◽  
S. V. Milash ◽  
A. B. Chernyak ◽  
D. V. Levina ◽  
I. V. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose: to assess the inner retinal layer’s changes of the central retina in comparison with bioelectrical activity of macula assessed by MERG and with thickness of photoreceptor retinal layers in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.Patients and methods: 10 patients (20 phakic eyes) with RP were examined. Mean age was 27.0 ± 18.5 years. Mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.38 ± 0.22. The fundus photography electrophysiological studies were performed besides standard ophthalmological examination. Maximal electroretinogram (ERG) or cone-rod response, ERG to 30 Hz flicker and macular ERG were registered with electroretinograph MBN (Russia). Images were acquired using the protocol of scanning Macula radial (12 lines 9 mm long, each radial image is the average out of 50 scans) with settings ultrafine with automatic segmentation of the retina and calculation thickness. Retinal segmentation with the following calculation of different retinal layers was performed on SD-OCT RS-3000 Advance (Nidek, Japan) with obtainment of the map with 6 mm in diameter in accordance with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS).Results. We revealed increased thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), decrease of thickness of ganglion cell layer (GCL) (p < 0,05) and normal (p > 0,05) inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness. These structural changes are associated with the decrease of bioelectric macula’s activity measured by MERG (decrease of α- and β-wave amplitude) and decrease the thickness of photoreceptor layers in all zones according to EDTRS.Conclusion. Increase of thickness RNFL, decrease of GCL’s thickness and normal INL in patients with RP is associated with decrease of thickness of photoreceptor layers in EDTRS zones and decrease of amplitude of MERG.

Tele-ophthalmology for screening for eye diseases in older patients with cognitive complaints

2020 ◽  
pp. 1357633X1989388
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Boureau ◽  
Helene Masse ◽  
Guillaume Chapelet ◽  
Laure de Decker ◽  
Pascal Chevalet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Come ◽  
Retinal Photographs

Introduction Population-based studies show a significant increase in the prevalence of visual impairment in older patients. However, older patients and patients with lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores have few ophthalmological assessments. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of tele-ophthalmological screening for ophthalmological diseases in older patients referred for cognitive assessment. Methods This monocentric prospective study included patients referred to a memory clinic for cognitive assessment. All patients underwent a geriatric assessment comprising a cognitive assessment associated with tele-ophthalmological screening undertaken by an orthoptist, including undilated retinal photography. The retinal photographs were subsequently sent to an ophthalmologist. We identified patients who were not eligible for ophthalmological assessment, for patients that had to come back due to poor-quality retinal photographs and finally for detected eye diseases. The association between the geriatric variable and newly detected eye diseases was analysed in univariable and multivariable analyses. Results The mean age of the 298 patients included was 83.5 years  ± 5.65; 29.5% were male. The mean MMSE score was 20.8 ± 5.2; 66.3% of patients had a diagnosis of dementia. Eighteen patients (6.0%) were not eligible for ophthalmological examination and 13 patients (4.6%) were asked to come back owing to poor-quality retinal photographs. Forty-one patients (13.7%) had a newly detected eye disease. In multivariable analysis, patients with a lower MMSE had significantly more newly identified eye diseases. Discussion The tele-ophthalmological screening method identified unknown ophthalmological diseases requiring specialised management in this older population with cognitive complaints.

Automated retinal layers segmentation in SD-OCT images using dual-gradient and spatial correlation smoothness constraint

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 116-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijie Niu ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Luis de Sisternes ◽  
Daniel L. Rubin ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Smoothness Constraint ◽  
Dual Gradient ◽  
Sd Oct

scholarly journals Outer Retinal Layers’ Thickness Changes in relation to Age and Choroidal Thickness in Normal Eyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Kamal Abdellatif ◽  
Yasser Abdelmaguid Mohamed Elzankalony ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmonsef Abdelhamid Ebeid ◽  
Weam Mohamed Ebeid
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. To identify and correlate age-related changes in outer retinal layers’ thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) in the normal eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate factors affecting these changes. Study Design. Observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods. We studied 125 healthy Egyptians between 20 and 79 years old. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (20–40 years), group 2 (40–60 years), and group 3 (>60 years). All patients had full ophthalmic examination. SD-OCT was done to measure the 9 ETDRS macular grid sectors of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor outer segment (RPE-OS), outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor inner segment (ONL-IS), and choroidal thickness (CT) (by enhanced depth imaging). Results. RPE-OS was significantly thinner in group 3 than in the other 2 groups (central: P<0.001). Moreover, the 3 groups were significantly different from each other regarding the CT (central: P<0.001); significant thinning was noticed in the choroid with age. The 3 groups did not show significant difference concerning the ONL-IS thickness. RPE-OS and CT showed statistically significant negative correlation with age (central RPE-OS: r = −0 C.345, P<0.001, and central CT: r = −0.725, P<0.001) while ONL-IS showed statistically nonsignificant correlation with age (central ONL-IS: r = −0.08, P=0.376). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of central 1 mm RPE-OS thickness in this study was age (β = −0.087, P=0.010) rather than choroidal thinning (β = 0.001, P=0.879). Conclusion. RPE-OS layer thickness shows significant thinning with increasing age, and with decrease in CT, however, age is the most determinant factor of this thinning.

SD-OCT for study of retinal layers segmentation in patients under Hydroxychloroquine treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Costa ◽  
A.L. Basílio ◽  
R. Proença ◽  
J.P. Cunha ◽  
L. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Sd Oct

scholarly journals Glaucomatous Maculopathy: Thickness Differences on Inner and Outer Macular Layers between Ocular Hypertension and Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using 8 × 8 Posterior Pole Algorithm of SD-OCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Javier Garcia-Medina ◽  
Monica del-Rio-Vellosillo ◽  
Ana Palazon-Cabanes ◽  
Maria Dolores Pinazo-Duran ◽  
Vicente Zanon-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Sd Oct

The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of all inner and outer macular layers between ocular hypertension (OHT) and early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) 8 × 8 posterior pole algorithm (8 × 8 PPA). Fifty-seven eyes of 57 OHT individuals and fifty-seven eyes of 57 early POAG patients were included. The thickness of macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform and nuclear layer, photoreceptor layer (PRL) and retinal pigment epithelium were obtained in 64 cells for each macular layer and mean thickness of superior and inferior hemispheres was also calculated. Thinning of superior and inferior hemisphere mean thickness in mRNFL, GCL and IPL and thickening of superior and inferior hemisphere mean thickness in PRL and inferior hemisphere in INL were found in early GPAA group. Otherwise, heatmaps representing cell-to-cell comparisons showed thinning patterns in inner retinal layers (except for INL) and thickening patterns in outer retinal layers in GPAA group. We found that 8 × 8 PPA not only allows the detection of significant thinning patterns in inner retinal layers, but also thickening patterns in outer retinal layers when comparing early POAG eyes to OHT eyes.

scholarly journals Feline herpesvirus 1 viral load related to environmental factors in sheltered cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Baumworcel ◽  
Joylson de Jesus Pereira ◽  
Ana Maria Barros Soares ◽  
Guilherme Nunes Souza ◽  
Nadia Regina Pereira Almosny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Environment Stress

ABSTRACT: Shelter environment stress factors are related to FHV-1 viral reactivation. However, comparisons between conjunctival viral load and environmental factors have not been commonly evaluated. The aim of this study was to correlate FHV-1 viral load in domestic cats with and without clinical signs of conjunctivitis to shelter design in order to use FHV-1 viral load as a parameter of “health management”. Cats from four different shelters underwent an ophthalmological examination. Samples were collected by rolling a DNA/RNAse-free cytobrush over the ventral conjunctival fornix and were stored in 1.5 mL sterile microtubes in 500 μL of Eagle’s minimum essential medium and kept at 4 ºC. Molecular procedures were performed up to 48 hours after collection. Different routines regarding new arrivals were directly related to FHV-1 viral load. Shelters where new arrivals occurred on daily basis had the highest viral load (2.69x108 copies/µL), while those shelters where new arrivals had not occurred in the few months prior to the beginning of the study had the lowest rate (1.63x103 copies/µL). Environmental factors directly influenced FHV-1 DNA viral load. This study highlighted the need to improve the management approach in the animal shelter environment to reduce stressful situations responsible for FHV-1 reactivation and higher viral load quantification.

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