scholarly journals Method of the Cyclotorsion Error Compensation for Myopic Astigmatism during SMILE Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
G. A. Gamidov ◽  
I. A. Mushkova ◽  
S. V. Kostenev ◽  
A. A. Gamidov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Results ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Astigmatism Correction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism ◽  
Target Refraction

Purpose: to develop an effective and safe method of cyclotorsion compensation, to improve the clinical and functional results of the of myopic astigmatism correction with SMILE surgery.Patients and methods: Two equivalent groups of 30 people (30 eyes) were formed with cyclotorsion from ±5 degrees («Standard» and «Verion»). The correction for cyclotorsion was carried out only in the «Verion» group. Before the laser-refraction surgery, all eyes were examined using «Verion» image guided system (Alcon, USA) to determine cyclotorsion. In the «Verion» group, the obtained cyclotorsion data was used to aligement the astigmatism axis by Introducing into the «Visumax» femtolaser system. Further, the operation was carried out according to the standard protocol. At 3 months after SMILE surgery, all patients were examined by a UDVA, CDVA, objective refraction. Furthermore, efficiency and safety, as well as vector analysis of corneal astigmatism according to Alpins were calculated indices at 3 months after surgery.Results: The mean and standard deviation of cyclotorsion of the «Standard» and «Verion» groups was 6.16 ± 1.31 D and 6.30 ± 1.36 degrees, respectively (p > 0.05). The increasement of 1 or more UDVA lines was noted at 20 % and 7 %, respectively after 3 months in the «Standard» and «Verion» groups. The safety index (postoperative UDVA / preoperative UDVA) in both groups was not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05). The predictability of the spherical equivalent within ±0.5 D relative to the target refraction (emmetropia) in the «Standard» and «Verion» groups was 70 % and 100 %, respectively. The predictability of the cylindrical component of refraction within ±0.5 D relative to the target refraction (emmetropia) was 40 % and 90 % for the «Standard» and «Verion» groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Difference vector was 1.01 ± 0.59 D in the group «Standard» and 0.64 ± 0.33 D in the «Verion» group (p < 0.05). Correction index was 0.80 ± 0.43 in the «Standard» group and 0.99 ± 0.04 in the «Verion» group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Сyclotorsion compensation using the «Verion» image guided system is a safe method. It improves the efficiency and predictability of correction myopic astigmatism in patient undergoing to SMILE surgery. This method recommended for patients with cyclotorsion from ±5 degrees and myopic astigmatism from –0.75 D. 

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency, Safety, Predictability of Wavefront-Guided and Conventional FemtoLASIK Procedures in Low to Moderate Myopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
A. V. Doga ◽  
I. A. Mushkova ◽  
A. N. Karimova ◽  
E. V. Kechin ◽  
A. G. Guliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Algorithm

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and predictability of the wavefront-guided FemtoLASIK using the Platoscan computer program and data from the KR-1W aberrometer, in comparison with the conventional algorithm FemtoLASIK in patients with low to moderate myopia.Patients and methods. There were 62 eyes of 62 patients with low to moderate myopia who had undergone FemtoLASIK procedure using an excimer laser ‘Microscan Visum” (Russia) and a femtosecond laser Femto LDV Z6 (Switzerland) in the study. In the “Wavefront” group which included 31 eyes with a mean spherical equivalent (SE) -=3,32 ± 1,23 D (M ± SD) was performed a wavefront-guided Femtosecond LASIK using aberrometer KR-1W (Japan) and a program for calculating the operation’s parameters “Platoscan” (Russia). “Standard” group included 31 eyes with an average SE –3.51 ± 1.21 D (M ± SD), who received the conventional FemtoLASIK. The “Wavefront” and “Standard” groups were comparable in terms of pre-operative data (age, sex, corneal curvature, central thickness of the cornea, sphere, cylinder, SE) (p > 0.05). All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination before refractive laser surgery, and also patients were examined on the 1st day and 1 month after FemtoLASIK.Results. One month postoperatively, in the “Wavefront” group the UDVA 1.0 or better (20/20 or better by Snellen) was achieved in 93.5%, in the “Standard” group — in 96,8% (p > 0.05). There wasn’t observed a loss of the CDVA lines in both groups. In the “Wavefront” group, gain of one or more lines of the CDVA was in 38.7%, in the “Standard” group — in 12.9% (p = 0.04, Fisher’s exact test). In the “Wavefront” group the predictability of targeted refraction within ±0.5 D was in 93.5%, within ±1.0 D — in 100%, in the “Standard” group — in 90,3 and 100%, respectively (p > 0.05). The efficiency index in the “Wavefront” group was 1.00 (1.00; 1.20) (Me (Q25; Q75)), in the “Standard” group — 1.00 (1.00; 1,00) (Me (Q25; Q75)) (p > 0.05). The safety index in the “Wavefront” group was 1.00 (1.00; 1.20) (Me (Q25; Q75)), in the “Standard” group — 1.00 (1.00; 1,00) (Me (Q25; Q75)) (p > 0.05).Conclusions. The FemtoLASIK procedure, performed according to the conventional and wavefront-guided algorithms using the “Platoscan” computer program and data from the KR-1W aberrometer, is an effective, safe and predictable method for correcting low to moderate myopia, there is no statistically significant difference between two algorithms (p > 0.05). 

scholarly journals Clinical Effect and Rotational Stability of TICL in the Treatment of Myopic Astigmatism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Manhui Zhu ◽  
Linling Zhu ◽  
Qiujian Zhu ◽  
Cailian Xu ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Rotational Stability ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Manifest Refraction ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism ◽  
High Myopic Astigmatism

Purpose. To investigate the clinical outcomes and possible risk factors associated with rotational stability after the implantation of a V4c toric implantable Collamer lens (TICL) for the correction of moderate to high myopic astigmatism. Methods. A total of 112 eyes of 66 patients with moderate to high myopic astigmatism underwent TICL implantation. All patients were followed up for more than 1 year. The uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA), astigmatism and spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, vault, endothelial cell morphometry, and rotation of the TICL axis were assessed at l day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative rotation was defined as the angle between the intended axis and the achieved axis. Regression analysis was used to investigate the possible risk factors for TICL rotation postoperatively. Results. The mean efficacy index and safety index 12 months postoperatively were 1.03 ± 0.09 and 1.05 ± 0.10, respectively. All patients had the same or better visual acuity than preoperatively. The mean astigmatism value decreased from −1.86 ± 0.79 D preoperatively to −0.37 ± 0.35 D. The mean absolute axis deviation of the TICL at the last follow-up was 2.75 ± 2.04° (range, 0°∼11°). The mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) changed from -9.04 ± 2.67 D preoperatively to −0.67 ± 0.51 D postoperatively. The logistic regression demonstrated that the absolute degree of TICL rotation had a significant association with the fixation angle of the TICL and the size of the lens ( P = 0.003 , P = 0.026 , resp.). Conclusion. The results of our study support that TICL implantation is safe, effective, and predictable in the treatment of moderate to high myopic astigmatism, with relatively good postoperative rotational stability.

scholarly journals Long Term Follow-up of Laser Myopia Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Castro-Luna ◽  
Hazem Alaskar ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Rueda ◽  
Diana Jimenez-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Study ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
One Year ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

Refractive surgery is an increasingly popular procedure to decrease spectacle or contact lens dependency. The two most commonly used surgical techniques to correct myopia is Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and Femtosecond- Lasik (FS-LASIK)There are few publications that gathers such a long term follow up of both surgical techniques (2) Methods It has been performed a retrospective non-randomized study 509 PRK eyes and 310 FS-LASIK surgeries were followed for 10 years for the treatment of myopia and compound myopic astigmatism. Patients were followed up three months, one year, 2 years, 5 and 10 years. The safety index of both procedures was defined as a quotient between the postoperative BCVA (Best Corrected Visual Acuity) and the preoperative BCVA. The predictability is calculated as difference between the expected spherical equivalent and the achieved spherical equivalent. The efficacy index was calculated as a quotient between postoperative UCVA divided by the preoperative BCVA (3) Results. The results were: a safety index higher than 100% (109%) and an efficacy index of 82.4% after 10 years of PRK surgery in both groups. FS-LASIK was the safest surgery after 10 years and the most efficacy technique although in this case there were no statistically significant differences (4) Conclusions. All these data demonstrated better indexes for FS-LASIK

scholarly journals Outcomes of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for Myopic Astigmatic Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 4272-4277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Xuan Hiep ◽  
Pham Thi Minh Khanh ◽  
Do Quyet ◽  
Than Van Thai ◽  
Vu Thi Nga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Function ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

BACKGROUND: Some studies have shown that there is a certain rotation of the eye in the sitting and lying position of the patient. The Visumax system used for the Refractive Lenticule Extraction-Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (ReLEx SMILE) surgery lacks the rotation of eye control function. So, is the ReLEx SMILE surgery for patients with astigmatism safe and effective? AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of the ReLEx SMILE surgery in cases with myopic astigmatism. METHODS: The case series included 120 eyes with myopic astigmatism undergoing ReLEx SMILE surgery from January 2018 to November 2018. The distribution of patients for two subgroups based on the power of astigmatism, low astigmatic group (≤ 1.50D) and high astigmatic group (> 1.50D). All patients were measured UDVA, CDVA, refractive sphere, astigmatism and sphere equivalent before and after surgery one week, one month and three months carefully. The astigmatic correction was evaluated by the vectorial analysis Alpins. RESULTS: The mean efficacy index of the low and high astigmatic group was 1.035 and 1.082 (respectively); the mean safety index was 1.113 and 1.215 (respectively). 93% of eyes in the low astigmatic group had an angle of error (AE) within ± 15 degrees and 100% in high astigmatic group. There was an undercorrection in astigmatic treatment. No complications during and after surgery were recorded. CONCLUSION: ReLEx SMILE surgery for the myopic astigmatic treatment was safe and effective.

scholarly journals One year outcomes after small incision lenticule extraction ReLEX in the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ariadna Nicula ◽  
Dorin Nicula ◽  
Sorana D. Bolboacă ◽  
Adriana Elena Bulboacă
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Lenticule Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

Abstract Purpose To report the visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction ReLEX (SMILE) technique using VisuMax femtosecond laser in myopia and myopic astigmatism patients. Material and methods A non-randomized clinical study has been conducted on patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent ReLEX SMILE technique, using the Zeiss VisuMax Laser system (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) at Oculens Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Patients older than 18 years, with ocular astigmatism up to -5 diopters (D), spherical equivalent up to -10.00 D, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0.3 or better before the surgery, stable refraction for one year, and with a minimum calculated post operator residual stromal bed of 250μ were included in the study. Results The study involved a total of 25 myopic eyes (median of sphere diopters equal with -4D) and 67 myopic astigmatic eyes (median of cylinder diopters equal with -1.5 D). The mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) on patients with myopic eyes reduced from -4.25D (median) to -0.5D at one month follow-up, -0.25 D at 6 and 12 months. The mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) on patients with astigmatic myopic eyes reduced from-6.25 D to -0.67 D at one month, -0.62 D at six and twelve months. The value of sphere decreased postoperatively on myopic eyes with a median of -0.25D at one, six and twelve months. The value of cylinder decreased postoperatively on myopic astigmatic eyes with a median of -0.50 D at one month, -0.25 D at six months and -0.50 D at 12 months. At 6 and 12 months, 20 (80.0%) of myopic eyes were maintained within ±0.5 D and 22 (88.0%) with ±1D. On both groups (myopic eyes and myopic astigmatic eyes), statistically significant differences were observed when the keratometric baseline values were compared to each follow-up (P-values < 0.0001), without any significant differences between follow-ups (P-values>0.15). At 1-month follow-up, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was better than or equal to 0.5 in 88.0% of myopic eyes and 82.1% of myopic astigmatic eyes. UDVA remained stable in all cases of myopic eyes at six months and the percentage increased at 92.0% in myopic eyes. UDVA slightly increased at 6-months (85.1%) and remained at the same value at 12-months in myopic astigmatism eyes. Conclusions SMILE proved an effective and safe refractive corneal procedure and provided a predictable and stable correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. SMILE technique demonstrated very good outcomes in terms of keratometric, cylinder, spherical measurements.

Osteotomy for Correction of Premature Growth Plate Closure in 24 Dogs

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Miller ◽  
P.W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Osteotomy ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Angular Deformity ◽  
Dynamic Correction ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Limb Deformities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study

SummaryTwenty-four dogs (27 limbs) were evaluated after surgery for correction of forelimb angular limb deformities. Partial ulnar ostectomies or definitive corrective osteotomies were performed depending upon the age of the dog. According to owner assessment nine of fourteen limbs were considered functionally good, or excellent, after partial ulnar ostectomies. Younger dogs appeared to have better functional results after dynamic correction with the mean age at surgery of dogs with good to excellent results being 6.5 months contrasted to the mean age at surgery of dogs with fair to poor results being 9.75 months. Ten of fourteen limbs were considered functionally good or excellent after definitive corrective osteotomy. One dog had definitive osteotomy after partial ulnar ostectomy in order to further correct a residual angular deformity. However, 58% of the limbs with radiographic follow-up had signs of degenerative joint disease (DJD). There were not significant differences between neither degree of angulation remaining after surgery and the functional result nor the degree of angulation remaining after surgery and the development of DJD. A prospective study is warranted to more objectively assess the efficacy of surgical correction of angular limb deformities in dogs.Twenty-four dogs were evaluated after surgery for correction of forelimb angular limb deformities. The results are described.

scholarly journals Short stump and high anastomosis pull-through (SHiP) procedure for delayed coloanal anastomosis with no protective stoma for low rectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-502
Author(s):  
Francesco Bianco ◽  
Paola Incollingo ◽  
Armando Falato ◽  
Silvia De Franciscis ◽  
Andrea Belli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Coloanal Anastomosis ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Anal Margin ◽  
Perioperative Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pull Through ◽  
Protective Stoma

AbstractDespite advances in coloanal anastomosis techniques, satisfactory procedures completed without complications remain lacking. We investigated the effectiveness of our recently developed ‘Short stump and High anastomosis Pull-through’ (SHiP) procedure for delayed coloanal anastomosis without a stoma. In this retrospective study, we analysed functional outcomes, morbidity, and mortality rates and local recurrence of 37 patients treated using SHiP procedure, out of the 282 patients affected by rectal cancer treated in our institution between 2012 and 2020. The inclusion criterion was that the rectal cancer be located within 4 cm from the anal margin. One patient died of local and pulmonary recurrence after 6 years, one developed lung and liver metastases after 2 years, and one experienced local recurrence 2.5 years after surgery. No major leak, retraction, or ischaemia of the colonic stump occurred; the perioperative mortality rate was zero. Five patients (13.51%) had early complications. Stenosis of the anastomosis, which occurred in nine patients (24.3%), was the only long-term complication; only three (8.1%) were symptomatic and were treated with endoscopic dilation. The mean Wexner scores at 24 and 36 months were 8.3 and 8.1 points, respectively. At the 36-month check-up, six patients (24%) had major LARS, ten (40%) had minor LARS, and nine (36%) had no LARS. The functional results in terms of LARS were similar to those previously reported after immediate coloanal anastomosis with protective stoma. The SHiP procedure resulted in a drastic reduction in major complications, and none of the patients had a stoma.

Corneal densitometry in patients with keratoconus undergoing intrastromal Ferrara ring implantation

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110206
Author(s):  
Pablo Felipe Rodrigues ◽  
Bernardo Kaplan Moscovici ◽  
Guilherme Ferrara ◽  
Luciano Lamazales ◽  
Marcela Mara Silva Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
Corneal Densitometry ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Ring Segment ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Evaluation of central corneal densitometry changes following Ferrara corneal ring segment implantation in patients with keratoconus, especially the correlation between corneal densitometry and keratometry. Methods: Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional study based on the review of medical records of patients diagnosed with keratoconus who underwent Ferrara corneal ring segment implantation. Pre and post-operative corneal densitometry measurements obtained with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) were analyzed. The follow-up time was 3 months, and data comparison was made, using specific statistical analysis, with the data of 3 months postoperatively. Results: The study sample consisted of 43 eyes of 36 patients. The mean corrected visual acuity improved from 0.82 LogMAR preoperatively (SD ± 0.33) to 0.19 LogMAR (SD ± 0.13) postoperatively. The mean spherical equivalent varied from −4.63 (SD ± 3.94) preoperatively to −2.16 (SD ± 2.63) postoperatively. Asphericity varied from −0.69 (SD ± 0.32) preoperatively to −0.27 (SD ± 0.31) postoperatively. The mean maximum K was 54.01D (SD ± 3.38) preoperatively and 51.50D (SD ± 2.90) postoperatively. The mean anterior densitometric value was 18.26 (SD ± 2.03) preoperatively and 17.66 (SD ± 1.84) postoperatively. Conclusion: Corneal densitometry is an interesting technology that should be studied in keratoconus patients. Our results suggest that the corneal densitometry in the cornea’s anterior layer reduces after ICRS implantation and correlates with corneal keratometry. Further studies should be performed to increase the knowledge in this field.

scholarly journals Scrotal reconstruction with superomedial fasciocutaneous thigh flap

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL FRANCISCO MELLO ◽  
AMERICO HELENE JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Fasciocutaneous Flap ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Loss ◽  
Scrotal Reconstruction ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the use of a superomedial fasciocutaneous thigh flap for scrotal reconstruction in open areas secondary to the surgical treatment of perineal necrotizing fasciitis (Fournier’s gangrene). Methods: retrospective analysis of cases treated at the Plastic Surgery Service of Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo, from 2009 to 2015. Results: fifteen patients underwent scrotal reconstruction using the proposed flap. The mean age was 48.9 years (28 to 66). Skin loss estimates in the scrotal region ranged from 60 to 100%. Definitive reconstruction was performed on average 30.6 days (22 to 44) after the initial surgical treatment. The mean surgical time was 76 minutes (65 to 90) to obtain the flaps, bilateral in all cases. Flap size ranged from 10cm to 13cm in the longitudinal direction and 8cm to 10cm in the cross-sectional direction. The complication rate was 26.6% (four cases), related to the occurrence of segmental and partial dehiscence. Conclusion: the superomedial fasciocutaneous flap of thigh is a reliable and versatile option for the reconstruction of open areas in the scrotal region, showing adequate esthetic and functional results.

Outcomes of a 320-degree intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for keratoconus: Results of a 6-month follow-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Andrade do Nascimento Rocha ◽  
Paulo Ferrara de Almeida Cunha ◽  
Leonardo Torquetti Costa ◽  
Luciene Barbosa de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Intrastromal Corneal Ring ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Ring Segment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corneal Tomography

Importance: This study shows that a newer long-arc length intrastromal corneal ring segment is efficient and safe for keratoconus treatment. Background: To evaluate visual, tomographic results and complications of a 320-degree intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation with the femtosecond laser for keratoconus treatment. Design: A prospective, nonrandomized, and interventional study. Participants: A total of 34 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with keratoconus were enrolled. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups based on the strategy used for 320-degree intrastromal corneal ring segment thickness selection. In one group, this selection was based on spherical equivalent (SE group) and in the other on the mean asphericity (Q group). The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities, spherical equivalent, K1, K2, Km, Kmax, and mean asphericity ( Q) on corneal tomography were evaluated preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. For astigmatism improvement, we analyzed the corneal tomographic vectorial astigmatism change preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. The mean follow-up period was 6.63 ± 0.96 months. Results: The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity improved with a significant spherical equivalent improvement ( p < 0.05), with no differences between the 320-degree intrastromal corneal ring segment groups. All corneal tomographic parameters improved significantly ( p < 0.05) between the preoperative and postoperative intervals, with a significant better performance when we used spherical equivalent for the 320-degree intrastromal corneal ring segment thickness selection. Finally, the mean vectorial corneal tomographic astigmatism significantly improved after 6 months, again with no differences between groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that implanting a 320-degree intrastromal corneal ring segment is a safe and effective procedure for treating patients with keratoconus. It also suggests that for thickness selection spherical equivalent is the better strategy.

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