scholarly journals Caracterização espacial de um índice de produtividade nos povoamentos de pinheiro-bravo em Portugal

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (75) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Santos ◽  
José Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Spatial Characterization

SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PRODUCTIVITY INDEX OF MARITIME PINE IN PORTUGAL. Forestry plays an important role in the Portuguese regional economy. With this in mind, it is clear that robust and consistent modelling techniques are required so that all decisions can be scientifically based. This work aims to calculate maps illustrating the spatial distribution of the productivity index of maritime pine in Portuguese forests, using geostatistical algorithms of stochastic simulation in association with GIS and spatial analysis functions. These geostatistical algorithms enable this productivity index to be inferred for the locations where this species occurs, but without sampling observations. In this particular case study, data were provided by the third National Forest Inventory of the State Forest Administration. Based on measurements collected in sampling plots, of the height and age of dominant trees, a productivity index was calculated, summarizing the growth gradient level per year. Experimental variograms showed that the productivity index treated as a categorical variable with five classes does not reveal any spatial continuity. On the other hand, the two components of the index – height and age of the trees – present a spatial structure displayed by long-range variograms. Hence, instead of dealing with the productivity index, the decision was made to characterize the spatial distribution of these two factors and to compose the index as the final step. Thus, a methodology is used for the joint spatial characterization of the height and age of maritime pine prior to the calculation of a productivity index. One of the main advantages of stochastic simulation methodologies is the ability to assess the local uncertainty (related to sampling density, location of the nearest samples and local variability), as well as to map the probability of occurrence of extreme scenarios (in this case study, for instance, excellent or unproductive areas). These methodologies are major tools for the sustainable planning and management of natural resources, making it possible to delimit areas of greater and lesser suitability for each type of forest and to understand better the influence of factors that really affect tree development and growth.

scholarly journals Spatial Characterization of Black Carbon Mass Concentration in the Atmosphere of a Southeast Asian Megacity: An Air Quality Case Study for Metro Manila, Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2301-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honey Dawn Alas ◽  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Wolfram Birmili ◽  
Simonas Kecorius ◽  
Maria Obiminda Cambaliza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Spatial Characterization ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Carbon Mass

Uncertainty assessment of soil organic carbon content spatial distribution using geostatistical stochastic simulation

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Delbari ◽  
Willibald Loiskandl ◽  
Peyman Afrasiab
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Uncertainty Assessment ◽  
Sequential Gaussian Simulation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Simulation Algorithms

Soil organic carbon (SOC) affects many processes in soil. The main objective of this study was the prediction and uncertainty assessment of the spatial patterns of SOC through stochastic simulation using 2 simulation algorithms, sequential Gaussian simulation (sGs) and sequential indicator simulation (sis). The dataset consisted of 158 point measurements of surface SOC taken from an 18-ha field in Lower Austria. Conditional stochastic simulation algorithms were used to generate 100 maps of equiprobable spatial distribution for SOC. In general the simulated maps represented spatial distribution of SOC more realistically than the kriged map, i.e. overcoming the smoothing effect of kriging. Unlike sGs, sis was able to preserve the connectivity of extreme values in generated maps. The SOC simulated maps generated through sGs reproduced the sample statistics well. The reproduction of class-specific patterns of spatial continuity of SOC for the simulated model produced through sis was also reasonably good. The results highlight that when the class-specific patterns of spatial continuity of the attribute must be preserved, sis is preferred to sGs. For local uncertainty, standard deviations obtained using kriging varied much less across the study area than those obtained using simulations. This shows that the conditional standard deviations achieved through simulations depend on data values in addition to data configuration for greater reliability in reporting the estimation precision. Further, according to accuracy plots and goodness statistic, G, sis performs the modelling uncertainty better than sGs. The simulated models can provide useful information in risk assessment of SOC management in Lower Austria.

scholarly journals Stochastic simulation and prediction of turbidity dynamics in karst systems. Case study: Mokra karst spring (SE Serbia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
Veljko Marinović ◽  
Branislav Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Timely Response ◽  
Karst Systems ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Source Management

Characterization of a karst system includes the analysis of two components – quantitative and qualitative one. Forecasting of future values of groundwater parameters can be very useful in defining the amounts of water needed for a reliable water supply. Stochastic simulation and forecasting were carried out for time series of precipitation and Mokra karst spring turbidity recorded in 2015. Simulation models within groundwater management would have a function in the early warning system which will enable timely response of groundwater source management.

Spatial characterization of marine recreational boating: Exploring the use of an on-the-water questionnaire for a case study in the Pacific Northwest

Marine Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy L. Gray ◽  
Rosaline R. Canessa ◽  
C. Peter Keller ◽  
Philip Dearden ◽  
Rick B. Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Recreational Boating ◽  
Spatial Characterization ◽  
The Pacific

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

Removing Self-stigma: The Successes of People with Schizophrenia in Removing Self-stigma Through Self-control

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciscus Adi Prasetyo ◽  
Jajang Gunawijaya
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Self-stigma experienced by people who experience schizophrenia has influence on reduced self-esteem, on powerlessness, the weakening of hope, and a motivation towards recovery. The aim of this study is to explain the efforts of people suffering schizophrenia to manage their self-stigma through self-control, using a case study approach. Based on the purposive sampling technique, five people with schizophrenia were selected as the cases to be studied. Data collection techniques utilized in-depth interviews, observation, and documentary studies. The analysis of the study data employed the stages of data reduction, data display, and data verification. Improvement in study quality employed the triangulation of data sources by checking the data to determine its consistency. The results of this study indicate that people with schizophrenia who have the ability to self-control can overcome self-stigma through changes in the manner of viewing themselves, self-training through activities, having endurance, having an honest approach, being able to explain schizophrenia from a positive viewpoint, having initiative, and having a positive attitude and the courage to face challenges.

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