A Study on Anasysis and Fabrication of an Ice Plant Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Yadav ◽  
Bharat Raj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Ice Plant ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Compression Cycle ◽  
Vapour Compression

Refrigeration may be defined as the process of achieving and maintaining a temperature below that of the surroundings, the aim being to freeze ice, cool some product, or space to the required temperature. The basis of modern refrigeration is the ability of liquids to absorb enormous quantities of heat as they boil and evaporate. One of the important applications of refrigeration is in ice plant. Ice plant is used for producing refrigeration effect to freeze potable water in standard cans placed in rectangular tank which is filled by brine. Our project based on simple refrigeration system which uses the vapour compression cycle. The vapour compression cycle comprises four process compression, condensing, and expansion and evaporation process. Our ice plant model contains various parts such as- Compressor, condenser, filter drier, Expansion valve, Evaporator coil, chilling tank and various measuring equipments like digital temperature indicator, pressure gauges, energy meter etc. The conventional ice plant has been studied and a prototype model of an ice plant has been fabricated with above said accessories. The model is analyzed for its cooling capacity assumed per unit mass flow rate of refrigerant. Its COP is also calculated. The model is compared for its coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling capacity by using R-134 a refrigerant with a theoretical COP and cooling capacity obtained using refrigerant R-22. The variations found in COP and cooling capacity are 0.12 and 0.042 TR respectively for unit mass flow rate of the refrigerant.

scholarly journals Impacts of Room Temperature on the Performance of a Portable Propane Air Conditioner

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sharifian ◽  
Jeri Tangalajuk Siang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Charge Condition ◽  
Full Charge

The performance of a portable propane air conditioner system, in which the temperatures of the air passing over the condenser and evaporator are equal, has been experimentally investigated under different room temperatures and refrigerant charge levels. The research has been carried out in a range of room temperatures from 20°C to 35°C and in undercharge, standard charge and overcharge conditions. The results show that, at higher room temperatures, the refrigerant temperature in all parts of the system, the density of the refrigerant at the inlet and outlet of the condenser, mass of the refrigerant in the compressor, the mass flow rate of the refrigerant and the cooling capacity of the system in either the undercharge or full charge condition, the specific cooling capacity of the undercharge system, the useful work of the compressor, and the maximum pressure of the refrigerant increase. The increase in room temperature decreases the density of the refrigerant at the inlet and outlet of the capillary tube, the mass of the refrigerant in the capillary tube, the refrigerant subcooling at the inlet of the capillary tube, the maximum velocity of the refrigerant and the coefficient of performance. In addition, the increase in room temperature at overcharge condition causes an increase in the mass flow rate, cooling capacity and specific cooling capacity to a maximum value followed by their decrease. The most important difference between a portable air conditioner and a nonportable system is the increase in cooling capacity with an increase in room temperature in full charge condition.

Capacity Control for Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systems: A Comparative Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yaqub ◽  
Syed M. Zubair
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Capacity Control ◽  
Hfc 134A

The capacity control of a vapor-compression refrigeration system is investigated for three different capacity control schemes. In a hot-gas by-pass control scheme, the refrigerant is by-passed from the compressor and injected back into the suction line to decrease the cooling capacity, whereas in cylinder-unloading scheme, one or more cylinders are unloaded to decrease the refrigerant mass flow rate in the system, which decreases the cooling capacity. However, in suction gas throttling, the suction gas throttled at the inlet of the compressor, decreases the refrigerant mass flow rate, and hence a corresponding decrease in the system capacity. These schemes are investigated for HFC-134a by considering finite size of the components that are used in the refrigeration systems. The models consider the finite-temperature difference in the heat exchangers, thus allowing the variations in the condenser and evaporator temperatures with respect to capacity and external fluid inlet temperatures. A comparative study is performed among these schemes in terms of the system coefficient of performance (COP), the operating temperatures, and percentage of refrigerant mass fraction as a function of the percentage of full-load system capacity.

The standard unit mass flow rate of gas-liquid mixtures

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
V.N. Petrov ◽  
◽  
V.F. Sopin ◽  
L.A. Akhmetzyanova ◽  
Ya.S. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Standard Unit

Experimental Investigation on Flow Characteristic of Stepped Capillary Tube for Heat Pump Type Air Conditioner with R410A

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Yan Sheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Tube Assembly

A stepped capillary tube consisting of two serially connected capillary tubes with different diameters is invented to replace the conventional expansion device. The mass flow rate of refrigerant R410A in stepped capillary tubes with different size were tested. The model of stepped capillary tube is proposed, and its numerical algorithm for tube length and mass flow rate is developed. The experimental results show that the performance comparing between stepped capillary tube system and capillary tube assembly system, the cooling capacity is reduced by 0.3%, the energy efficiency ratio (EER) is equal to each other, the heating capacity is increased by 0.3%, the coefficient of performance (COP) is decreased by 0.3%. That is to say, the performance index of the two kinds of throttle mechanism is almost identical. It indicates that the stepped capillary tube can replace the capillary tube assembly in the R410A heat pump type air conditioner absolutely. The model is validated with experimental data, and the results show that the model can be used for sizing and rating stepped capillary tube.

Experimental Investigation of a Pilot Compression Chiller With Alternatives Refrigerants R401a and R134a

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fatouh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Chilled Water ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on a pilot compression chiller (4 kW cooling capacity) working with R401a and R134a as R12 alternatives. Experiments are conducted on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system using water as a secondary working fluid through both evaporator and condenser. Influences of cooling water mass flow rate (170–1900 kg/h), cooling water inlet temperature (27–43°C) and chilled water mass flow rate (240–1150 kg/h) on performance characteristics of chillers are evaluated for R401a, R134a and R12. Increasing cooling water mass flow rate or decreasing its inlet temperature causes the operating pressures and electric input power to reduce while the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) to increase. Pressure ratio is inversely proportional while actual loads and COP are directly proportional to chilled water mass flow rate. The effect of cooling water inlet temperature, on the system performance, is more significant than the effects of cooling and chilled water mass flow rates. Comparison between R12, R134a and R401a under identical operating conditions revealed that R401a can be used as a drop-in refrigerant to replace R12 in water-cooled chillers.

Effect of Condenser Temperature and Speed on one A/C System

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
Cheng Jun Pan ◽  
Yi Da Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Test System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Air Conditioning System

This study describes the results on the performance of one vehicle air conditioning system. The coefficient of performance, evaporator cooling capacity, compressor power consumption, total mass flow rate, vapor mass flow rate, liquid mass flow rate and oil in circulation, pressures and temperatures of refrigerant at every component (inlets and outlets) are measured and analyzed with the variation of the outside temperatures at the evaporator and condenser, the speed of the compressor, refrigerant charge and oil charge. The systematical experimental results obtained from this real-size test system depict the relations between the above parameters in a vehicle air conditioning system, which constitute a useful source for vehicle air conditioning systems design and analysis. The vapor quality (two-phase flow) measurements realized in this work provide an extremely important tool for diagnosing the system performances.

Prediction of Performance Equations for Household Compressors Depending on Manufacturing Data for Refrigerators and Freezers

2016 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 184-209
Author(s):  
Louay Abdalazez Mahdi ◽  
Emad Esmaael Habib ◽  
Laith Abdalmunam
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Surface Fitting ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Base Points ◽  
Swept Volume

A semi-empirical model has been investigated to represent household compressors. The model based on calorimeter data for two distinguished brand (Danfoss and Electrolux CUBIGEL) and compared with eight brands consisting of ninety compressors model. The calorimeter data are correlated (according to ARI standard 540-90 [1] and working refrigeration temperature cycle for ASHRAE Technical Committee 8.9[2]) as a function of refrigerant saturated evaporating temperatures from (-35 to 10) °C and swept volume range (2.24-11.15) cm3 keeping of the refrigerant saturated condensing temperature constant at 54.5 °C. The correlations were found with ten-coefficient polynomial by using Matlab software – surface fitting method for cooling capacity, power consumption, and refrigerant mass flow rate.In addition, other equations for cooling capacity, power consumption, and refrigerant mass flow rate at-23.3 °C evaporator temperature, 54.4 °C condenser temperature, and 32 °C temperature for liquid line which is the base points of the refrigerator cycle according to ASHRAE[2] , cover the range (2.42-11.15) cm3 swept volume which are created to quick choose the proper compressor.The result indicated that the surface fitting models are accurate within ± 15% deviation of compressors data of seventy-two models for cooling capacity, fifty models for power, and twenty-five models for refrigerant mass flow rate.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on a Vapor Injection Heat Pump System with a Single-Stage Compressor

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Hongzhi Liu ◽  
Katsunori Nagano ◽  
Takao Katsura ◽  
Yue Han
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Rotary Compressor ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Vapor Injection ◽  
Heating Capacity

In this study, a heat pump of 10 kW with vapor injection using refrigerant of R410A was developed. A vapor injection pipe connecting a gas–liquid separator at the outlet of the main expansion valve and the suction of a single-stage rotary compressor was designed. The heating performance of this vapor injection heat pump was investigated and analyzed at different compressor frequencies and primary temperatures. The experimental results show that for the heat pump without vapor injection, the heating capacity increased linearly with the compressor frequency, while the heating coefficient of performance (COP) decreased linearly with the compressor frequency for each tested primary temperature. The developed vapor injection technique is able to increase the heat pump system’s heating capacity and heating COP when the injection ratio R falls into the range 0.16–0.17. The refrigerant mass flow rate can be increased in the vapor injection heat pump cycle due to the decreased specific volume of the suction refrigerant. The power consumption of vapor injection heat pump cycle almost remains the same with that of the conventional heat pump cycle because of the increased refrigerant mass flow rate and the decreased compression ratio. Finally, it was found that the developed vapor injection cycle is preferable to decreasing the compressor’s discharge temperature.

Optimal Allocation of Heat Exchanger Inventory for Maximum COP and Exergetic Performance of a Two-Stage Vapor Compression Cycle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef M. Abdel-Rahim ◽  
S. A. Sherif
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency

In the present study the optimum heat exchanger inventory allocation to maximize the thermal performance of a two-stage vapor compression system with two evaporators has been investigated. Both the cooling (A/C) and heating (H/P) Carnot and non-Carnot non-isentropic cycles have been considered. The optimum operating ranges of cycle parameters that maximize both the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency (η2) of the cycles for both cooling and heating purposes are discussed. The research upon which this paper partly reports covered all possible ranges of cycle parameters using the Monte-Carlo method. For the Carnot cycle, maximum values of the cooling coefficient of performance (COPC), cooling exergetic efficiency (ηIIC), heating coefficient of performance (COPH), and heating exergetic efficiency (ηIIH) were found to be 9.6, 0.47, 10.7 and 0.87, respectively. The low-pressure (LP) thermal load and temperature difference in the condenser were found to critically affect both the A/C and H/P performance, while the heat conductance ratio and the mass flow rate ratio were found to have a pronounced effect on only the H/P performance. The best A/C and H/P cycle performance may be achieved by having the two evaporators with both the thermal load and mass flow rate in the high-pressure loop to be 20% less than that in the low-pressure loop. The analysis performed on the non-Carnot two-compressor, two-evaporator A/C and H/P non-isentropic cycles determined both the feasible and optimal ranges of variations of the controlling parameters. The combined maximum values of the low- and high-pressure evaporator thermal loads was found to be 10–15% lower than the maximum value of the condenser heat rejection rate, thus reflecting the relative sizes of these units as heat exchangers. Other factors that may help provide guidance for utilizing the system for cooling and heating purposes include the values of the COPC and COPH, the relative amounts of the mass flow rates in the low-pressure and high-pressure loops of the cycle, and the values of the low-pressure and high-pressure compressor powers.

Effect of Refrigerant Charge and Inlet Air Temperature on One A/C System

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2142-2146
Author(s):  
Cheng Jun Pan ◽  
Yi Da Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Test System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Air Conditioning System

This study describes the results on the performance of one vehicle air conditioning system. The coefficient of performance, evaporator cooling capacity, compressor power consumption, total mass flow rate, vapor mass flow rate, liquid mass flow rate and oil in circulation, pressures and temperatures of refrigerant at every component (inlets and outlets) are measured and analyzed with the variation of the outside temperatures at the evaporator and condenser, the speed of the compressor, refrigerant charge and oil charge. The systematical experimental results obtained from this real-size test system depict the relations between the above parameters in a vehicle air conditioning system, which constitute a useful source for vehicle air conditioning systems design and analysis. The vapor quality (two-phase flow) measurements realized in this work provide an extremely important tool for diagnosing the system performances.

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