Functional Improvement in -Islet Cells and Hepatocytes with Decreasing Deuterium from Low Carbohydrate Intake in a Type-II Diabetic

A 59-year-old patient with a 18-year history of type-II diabetes is presented who showed dramatic improvements to glucose tolerance tests and increased fasting hepatic glucose production with systemic deuterium depletion. Deuterium, which is well known to decrease the efficiency of the ATP syntheses nanomotors, is likely the mechanism leading to the systemic changes to both insulin and hepatic glucose production in the pancreas and liver, respectively. Systemic deuterium depletion occurs with consumption of low carbohydrate (keto) diets and deuterium depleted water.

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Metformin improves peripheral but not hepatic insulin action in obese patients with type II diabetes

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1200257 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 257-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Ole Hother-Nielsen ◽

Ole Schmitz ◽

Per H. Andersen ◽

Henning Beck-Nielsen ◽

Oluf Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Hepatic Glucose Production ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Metformin Treatment ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Plasma Lactate ◽

Hepatic Glucose

Abstract. Nine obese patients with Type II diabetes mellitus were examined in a double-blind cross-over study. Metformin 0.5 g trice daily or placebo were given for 4 weeks. At the end of each period fasting and day-time postprandial values of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide and lactate were determined, and in vivo insulin action was assessed using the euglycemic clamp in combination with [3-3H]glucose tracer technique. Metformin treatment significantly reduced mean day-time plasma glucose levels (10.2 ± 1.2 vs 11.4 ± 1.2 mmol/l, P< 0.01) without enhancing mean day-time plasma insulin (43 ± 4 vs 50 ± 7 mU/l, NS) or C-peptide levels (1.26 ± 0.12 vs 1.38 ± 0.18 nmol/l, NS). Fasting plasma lactate was unchanged (1.57 ± 0.16 vs 1.44 ± 0.11 mmol/l, NS), whereas mean day-time plasma lactate concentrations were slightly increased (1.78 ± 0.11 vs 1.38 ± 0.11 mmol/l, P< 0.01). The clamp study revealed that metformin treatment was associated with an enhanced insulin-mediated glucose utilization (370 ± 38 vs 313 ± 33 mg · m−2 · min−1, P< 0.01), whereas insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production was unchanged. Also basal glucose clearance was improved (61.0 ± 5.8 vs 50.6 ± 2.8 ml · n−2 · min−1,, P< 0.05), whereas basal hepatic glucose production was unchanged (81 ± 6 vs 77 ± 4 mg · m−2 · min−1, NS). Conclusions: 1) Metformin treatment in obese Type II diabetic patients reduces hyperglycemia without changing the insulin secretion. 2) The improved glycemic control during metformin treatment was associated with an enhanced insulin-mediated glucose utilization, presumably in skeletal muscle, whereas no effect could be demonstrated on hepatic glucose production.

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Reducing Liver Fat by Low Carbohydrate Caloric Restriction Targets Hepatic Glucose Production in Non-Diabetic Obese Adults with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm3031050 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 1050-1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Haoyong Yu ◽

Weiping Jia ◽

ZengKui Guo

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Hepatic Glucose Production ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Hepatic Glucose ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Effect of dietary protein on in vivo insulin action and liver glycogen repletion

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1989.257.2.e212 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (2) ◽

pp. E212-E219 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

L. Rossetti ◽

D. L. Rothman ◽

R. A. DeFronzo ◽

G. I. Shulman

Keyword(s):

Insulin Infusion ◽

Hepatic Glucose Production ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Dietary Manipulation ◽

Low Protein ◽

Hepatic Glucose ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Glycogen Repletion

To investigate the influence of dietary manipulation on in vivo glucose metabolism, we pair fed normal rats for 10 days with one of three diets: 1) high protein-low carbohydrate (Hi-PN) (n = 20); 2) intermediate protein (I-PN) (n = 11); and 3) low protein-high carbohydrate (Lo-PN) (n = 18). Fasting glucose, postmeal plasma glucose, and insulin concentrations were as follows: 118 +/- 2 mg/dl, 138 +/- 2 mg/dl, and 4.0 +/- 0.2 ng/ml in Hi-PN; 111 +/- 3 mg/dl, 147 +/- 3 mg/dl, and 5.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml in I-PN; 102 +/- 2 mg/dl, 162 +/- 2 mg/dl, and 6.0 +/- 0.2 ng/ml in Lo-PN, respectively. Basic hepatic glucose production (HGP) was 6.6 +/- 0.2 in Hi-PN, 6.1 +/- 0.2 in I-PN, and 5.6 +/- 0.1 mg.kg-1.min-1 in Lo-PN. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the euglycemic clamp using two insulin infusion rates: 2 and 4 mU.kg-1.min-1. The rate of glucose disappearance was 14.8 +/- 0.4 and 25.3 +/- 0.7 in Hi-PN, 15.3 +/- 0.4 and 26.9 +/- 0.5 in I-PN, and 16.1 +/- 0.6 and 31.5 +/- 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 in Lo-PN, respectively. HGP was suppressed by 86 in the 2- and by 90% in the 4-mU insulin clamp in the Lo-PN, whereas HGP was suppressed by 45 and by 79% in the two steps in the Hi-PN group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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