Development of an electrode system for continuous measurement of the volume of an AHV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Shcherbachev ◽  
I.A. Kudashov ◽  
S. I. Shchukin ◽  
G.P. Itkin ◽  
A.Z. Galiamov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Biotechnical System ◽  
Circulation Parameters ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Electrode Systems

Mechanical circulatory assistance devices are vital for the patients with end-stage heart failure, who require heart transplantation but are in a waiting list due to the shortage of donor organs. This makes the development of the advanced MCS devices and artificial heart ventricles a crucial task. The systems for the dynamic and adaptive control of circulation parameters are required. AHV liquid volume measurement units must be developed to create such systems. Objective – Determination of the optimal electrode system for the AHV liquid volume measurement unit based on the electrical impedance measurements. The most significant geometrical parameters of the electrode systems for the impedance based AHV liquid volume measurement are determined. The optimal values of the geometrical parameters were found for the system of dynamic AHV liquid volume measurement. Results were confirmed by the numerical and experimental studies. The obtained values of the optimal geometrical parameters of electrode systems will be used in development of biotechnical system of adaptive AHV control.

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Daiji Kawanami ◽  
Yuichi Takashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Takahashi ◽  
Ryoko Motonaga ◽  
Makito Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4 inhibitors reduce glucose levels by inhibiting degradation of incretins. DPP-4 is a ubiquitous protein with exopeptidase activity that exists in cell membrane-bound and soluble forms. It has been shown that an increased renal DPP-4 activity is associated with the development of DKD. A series of clinical and experimental studies showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have beneficial effects on DKD, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress properties. In this review article, we highlight the current understanding of the clinical efficacy and the mechanisms underlying renoprotection by DPP-4 inhibitors under diabetic conditions.

scholarly journals Uncertainty of factor Z in gravimetric volume measurement

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Mar Lar Win
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Apparent Mass ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Iso Standards ◽  
Uncertainty Calculation ◽  
Measurement Results

<p class="Abstract">In the gravimetric volume measurement method, the factor <em>Z</em> is generally used to facilitate an easy conversion from the apparent mass obtained using a balance to the liquid volume. The uncertainty of the measurement used for the liquid volume can be divided into two specific contributions: one from the components related to the mass measurements and one from those related to the mass-to-volume conversion. However, some ISO standards and calibration guides have suggested that the uncertainty due to the factor <em>Z</em> is generally neglected in the uncertainty calculation pertaining to gravimetric volume measurement. This paper describes the combined effects of the density of the water, the density of the reference weights, and the air buoyancy on the uncertainty of factor <em>Z</em> in terms of how they subsequently affect the uncertainty of the measurement results.</p>

scholarly journals Liquid Volume Measurement in a Space Tank

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-672
Author(s):  
Kajiro WATANABE ◽  
Yasushi OHKI ◽  
Satoru SUZUKI ◽  
Kunio TERADA ◽  
Yoshihito ABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Liquid Volume

scholarly journals Long-time resistivity monitoring of a freshwater/saltwater transition zone using the vertical electrode system SAMOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 00009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grinat ◽  
Dieter Epping ◽  
Robert Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Electrode ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Electrode Systems

In September 2009 two newly developed vertical electrode systems were installed in boreholes in the water catchment areas Waterdelle and Ostland at the North Sea island Borkum to monitor possible changes of the transition zone between the freshwater lens and the underlying saltwater. The vertical electrode systems, which were both installed between 44 m and 65 m below ground level, are used for geoelectrical multi-electrode measurements carried out automatically several times per day; the measurements are still ongoing. The whole system consisting of a vertical electrode system in a borehole and the measuring unit at ground level is called SAMOS (Saltwater Monitoring System). At both locations the data show a clear resistivity decrease that indicates the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater. The depth of the transition zone as well as the kind of resistivity decrease is very stable since 2010. Temporal changes are visible if single depths are considered. In 2015 Miriam Ibenthal used a vertical 2D density-dependent groundwater flow model to explain the long-term resistivity measurements and showed that the temporal changes at CLIWAT 2 (Ostland) could be explained by variations of the groundwater level, changing groundwater recharge rates and changing pumping rates of the nearby located drinking water supply wells.

scholarly journals IMU-Based Online Kinematic Calibration of Robot Manipulator

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglong Du ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Robot Manipulator ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Corner Detection ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Robot Calibration ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Calibration Methods

Robot calibration is a useful diagnostic method for improving the positioning accuracy in robot production and maintenance. An online robot self-calibration method based on inertial measurement unit (IMU) is presented in this paper. The method requires that the IMU is rigidly attached to the robot manipulator, which makes it possible to obtain the orientation of the manipulator with the orientation of the IMU in real time. This paper proposed an efficient approach which incorporates Factored Quaternion Algorithm (FQA) and Kalman Filter (KF) to estimate the orientation of the IMU. Then, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to estimate kinematic parameter errors. Using this proposed orientation estimation method will result in improved reliability and accuracy in determining the orientation of the manipulator. Compared with the existing vision-based self-calibration methods, the great advantage of this method is that it does not need the complex steps, such as camera calibration, images capture, and corner detection, which make the robot calibration procedure more autonomous in a dynamic manufacturing environment. Experimental studies on a GOOGOL GRB3016 robot show that this method has better accuracy, convenience, and effectiveness than vision-based methods.

Study on Liquid Volume Measurement Based on Wireless Transmission and Hydraulic Sensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Jie Luo ◽  
Yun Hui Wang ◽  
Qian Wen Zhao ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
Fei She
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
General Packet Radio Service ◽  
Service Module ◽  
Wireless Measurement

Based on hydraulic sensors and wireless transmission, a new wireless measurement method of liquid volume in a tank is introduced. This measurement system includes hydraulic pressure sensors, A/D converter, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) module and upper monitor in a computer, from which the users can get aware of the liquid volume in a tank at any time. The measurement system has been built，calibrated and tested. The experimental results show that this measurement system works well and the measurement error is less than 1%.

Factors Affecting Oil Removal From an Aeroengine Bearing Chamber

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Chandra ◽  
Kathy Simmons ◽  
Stephen Pickering ◽  
Marc Tittel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Simple Liquid ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Excessive Heat

Aeroengines incorporate various bearing chambers that house the shaft bearings and the oil used to cool and lubricate these bearings must subsequently be recovered from these chambers. Effective oil removal (scavenge) is essential to avoid heat generation through unnecessary working of the oil which can lead to excessive heat generation and reduced overall efficiency. Therefore the design of the scavenge region (sump) in a bearing chamber, as well as the ability to assess its performance is very important. An ongoing research program into bearing chamber scavenge comprising experimental and computational components is being conducted at the University of Nottingham Technology Centre in Gas Turbine Transmission Systems. This program is enhancing understanding of sump performance and design. In this paper an experimental study into a simplified but representative scavenge is reported. This experimental work helps to further understanding of the complex two-phase flow physics in a bearing chamber, particularly in the scavenge region, by means of various measurements and flow visualization. For the study a bespoke test rig has been built. It consists of a simplified, generic bearing chamber with simple sump geometry constructed entirely of Perspex to allow visualization. A shaft in the centre of the chamber capable of rotating up to 15,000 rpm is employed to introduce a windage flow in the chamber. Water (the working fluid) is fed to the chamber via an inlet pump and an outlet pump removes liquid from the chamber, closing the circuit. Several pneumatic pinch valves are installed in the flow circuit to allow residence volume measurement. A completely air-tight reservoir with internal baffle functions as a simple liquid-gas separator, allowing measurement of gas volumetric flow rate in the off-take pipe; hence the scavenge ratio (ratio of total exit volume to liquid volume) can be obtained. Residence volume measurements highlight the importance of sump geometry as an ill-designed sump can lead to an undesirable increase in residence volume.

scholarly journals Significance of Metformin Use in Diabetic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiji Kawanami ◽  
Yuichi Takashi ◽  
Makito Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Pharmacologic Actions

Metformin is a glucose-lowering agent that is used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Based on its various pharmacologic actions, the renoprotective effects of metformin have been extensively studied. A series of experimental studies demonstrated that metformin attenuates diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by suppressing renal inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. In clinical studies, metformin use has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of mortality, cardiovascular disease and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in T2D patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, metformin should be administered with caution to patients with CKD because it may increase the risk of lactic acidosis. In this review article, we summarize our current understanding of the safety and efficacy of metformin for DKD.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Influence of Process Parameters on Strains and Forces of Single Point Incremental Forming

2014 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
Valentin Oleksik ◽  
Adrian Pascu ◽  
Eugen Avrigean ◽  
Ioan Bondrea
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thickness Reduction ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Single Point Incremental Forming ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Linear Trajectory ◽  
Vertical Step

These paper aims to determine the influence of the most important geometrical parameters (vertical step and punch diameter) on the main strains, thickness reduction and the forces along two directions during the single point incremental forming process (SPIF). The paper comprises a comparative numericalexperimental study, for a simple geometry part obtained by incremental forming. In fact, in the first stage, the punch has a vertical motion with the value of one vertical step. In the second stage, the punch follows a linear trajectory along one side of the die. After each linear trajectory the punch has successive vertical motions, taking one vertical step at a time until the entire geometry of the part is done. In order to study the influence of the geometrical parameters, to the vertical step and the punch diameter were assigned three levels of variation. Following the selection of these geometrical parameters values, a factorial experimental program of type 32 has been adopted. The maximum values of the main strain and thickness reduction rises with the decrease of both vertical step and punch diameter and the maximum values of the forces are reached with the increase of both vertical step and punch diameter.

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