scholarly journals Sex differences in baseline risk factors for the incidence of asthma between early adolescence and young adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kalm-Stephens ◽  
L Nordvall ◽  
C Janson ◽  
A Malinovschi ◽  
K Alving
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Allergic Symptoms ◽  
Incident Asthma ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Background: Several studies have shown sex differences in the prevalence of asthma and a relationship to age. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the development of asthma, wheeze, rhinitis and allergic symptoms, between adolescence and adulthood. Furthermore, to determine if sex modifies the associations between baseline risk factors and incidence of asthma in early adulthood. Methods: In the study Screening Project Asthma in Schools(SPAIS), adolescents aged 12–15 years answered a standardised respiratory questionnaire (ISAAC) and underwent measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function (FEV1) at baseline. Two follow-ups with similar questionnaires were performed after four and 16 years, with 491 subjects participating in all three examinations. Results: The prevalence of asthma and wheeze were unchanged after four years, but had increased after 16 years. However, the increase was significant only for females. A more continuous increasein rhinitis and allergic symptoms showed no difference between the sexes. Sex interaction analysis showed that higher FeNO (p = 0.01) and family asthma (p = 0.02) increased the risk of incident asthma for males but not for females. Conclusions: An increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms was seen primarily between late adolescence and young adulthood, and was significant for females but not males. Allergic risk factors in early adolescence for incident asthma in early adulthood were confirmed in males but not in females. Awareness of these sex differences in the development of symptoms, and the associated risk factors, are important in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Predictors of disordered eating in adolescence and young adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Shawel Abebe ◽  
Leila Torgersen ◽  
Lars Lien ◽  
Gertrud S. Hafstad ◽  
Tilmann von Soest
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Gender Specific

We investigated longitudinal predictors for disordered eating from early adolescence to young adulthood (12–34 years) across gender and different developmental phases among Norwegian young people. Survey data from a population-based sample were collected at four time points (T) over a 13-year time span. A population-based sample of 5,679 females and males at T1 and T2, 2,745 at T3 and 2,718 at T4 were included in analyses, and linear regression and random intercept models were applied. In adolescence, initial disordered eating and parental overprotectiveness were more strongly related to disordered eating among females, whereas loneliness was a stronger predictor for adolescent males. Initial disordered eating during early adolescence predicted later disordered eating more strongly in late- than mid-adolescence. In young adulthood, no significant gender-specific risk factors were found. The findings provide support for both shared and specific risk factors for the developmental psychopathology of disordered eating.

Risk Factors for Delinquency and Illicit Drug Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Kandel ◽  
Ora Simcha-Fagan ◽  
Mark Davies
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
New York State ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Men And Women

This study examines the interrelationships and predictors of involvement in delinquent activities and illicit drug use over a nine-year interval, from adolescence (age 15–16) to young adulthood (age 24–25) in a cohort representative of adolescents formerly enrolled in grades 10 and 11 in public secondary schools in New York State (N =1,004). Persistence of illicit drug use in this period of the life-cycle is greater than for delinquency and is higher among men than among women. Convergences and divergences in intrapersonal and interpersonal predictors of drug use and delinquency are analyzed. Adult illicit drug use is much better predicted by adolescent illicit drug use, especially among men. Among women, early drug use predicts later delinquent behavior. However, illicit drug use in the period from adolescence to early adulthood selectively predicts adult participation in one type of delinquent behavior, namely theft, among men and women, but has no effect on interpersonal aggression. Different risk factors in adolescence other than drug use predict continued delinquent involvement among men and women. In particular, depression plays an important role for women and family factors for men. Lifestyle factors subsequent to adolescence, especially failure to enter the conventional roles of adulthood, such as marriage and continuous employment, are important predictors of continued illicit drug use in adulthood but not of delinquency. Delinquency among males and illicit drug use among females appear to be subject to common etiological factors and may play similar roles in the lives of young people. Convergence between the findings and results reported by others are discussed.

Sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood

Addiction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 1188-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline B. Seglem ◽  
Trine Waaktaar ◽  
Helga Ask ◽  
Svenn Torgersen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence

Depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood in men: Predictions from parental and contextual risk factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
HYOUN K. KIM ◽  
DEBORAH M. CAPALDI ◽  
MIKE STOOLMILLER
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Marital Transitions ◽  
Contextual Risk Factors

The current study examined the course of depressive symptoms of young men from early adolescence through young adulthood using a growth model approach and the influence of early parental (i.e., depressive symptoms, antisocial behaviors, substance use) and contextual (i.e., family income and parental marital transitions) risk factors on both the level of depressive symptoms in early adolescence and on changes over a 10-year period, controlling for young men's early antisocial behavior. On average, depressive symptoms of the youths tended to decrease slightly as they reached young adulthood. Among the parental and contextual risk factors, parent's marital transitions was the most significant predictor for the level of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Parent's marital transitions and family income were also significantly related to changes in depressive symptoms. As hypothesized, there was a significant interaction effect of paternal and maternal depressive symptoms on depressive symptoms in early adolescence and on changes over time. Maternal depressive symptoms were related to the son's depressive symptoms only when the father's depressive symptoms were also high. The results also suggested that parenting practices did not mediate the effects of the parental and contextual risk factors on the development of depressive symptoms among young men.

The onset of marijuana use from preadolescence and early adolescence to young adulthood

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH S. BROOK ◽  
RONALD C. KESSLER ◽  
PATRICIA COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Interpersonal Risk ◽  
Interactional Perspective ◽  
Middle Adolescence ◽  
Smoke Tobacco

Although it is well documented that intrapersonal and interpersonal risk factors are related to the frequency of marijuana use, much less is known about the initiation of marijuana use. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of the personality, family, peer, and ecological predictors of marijuana onset. Survival analysis was applied to a sample of nonusers of illegal drugs, followed from age 9 years to the 20s. The major findings indicate that (a) youngsters who are unconventional are at a higher risk for marijuana initiation; (b) youngsters who associate with peers who use marijuana or who smoke tobacco themselves are at increased risk for marijuana initiation; (c) youngsters who identify with their parents are less likely to begin marijuana use; and (d) the predictors related to marijuana onset emerged during preadolescence, early adolescence, middle adolescence, late adolescence, and the 20s. Results are discussed within the framework of a family interactional perspective of development. Implications for prevention are discussed.

Higher weight in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with an earlier age at multiple sclerosis onset

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn S Kavak ◽  
Barbara E Teter ◽  
Jesper Hagemeier ◽  
Karen Zakalik ◽  
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
New York State ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Background: Growing evidence suggests an association between adolescent obesity and increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate whether weight or body mass index (BMI) in adolescence and young adulthood was associated with age at MS symptom onset. Methods: Our cohort is comprised of a sub-group of 184 women enrolled in the New York State MS Consortium registry. Individuals were asked to recall their weight at the time of first menstruation and at age 25. BMI was calculated accordingly for age 25. Regression analyses were carried out to investigate the association between weight or BMI and age at onset. Results: Weight at menarche was significantly related to younger age at symptom onset (β = −0.073, p = 0.001). These results were also found at age 25 for weight (β = −0.080, p < 0.001) and BMI (β = −0.448, p = 0.001). Significantly earlier disease onset (26.9 years ±9.9) was observed in individuals who were overweight at 25 compared to those who were not overweight (32.1 years ±9.2, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Women who reported higher weight in adolescence and BMI in early adulthood were younger at MS onset. Future research should investigate whether there is a causal link between body weight and MS, as prevention lifestyle and dietary interventions could be implemented.

scholarly journals Gender differences in risks for antisocial behavior

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erin K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders

Adolescent girls have always been a relevant presence in the juvenile justice system but have received limited attention from researchers. In response to the dearth of studies on female juvenile offenders, federal study groups and reviewers have called for more research to advance our understanding of the risk factors for antisocial behavior among adolescent girls. To date, however, much of the research on antisocial behavior in adolescent girls has had relatively serious methodological limitations, including relying on correlational or cross-sectional designs and focusing on a limited range of risk factors (e.g., family or school). The current study addressed these limitations by longitudinally examining how risks assessed in early adolescence across multiple domains of youths' social ecology (i.e., individual, family, peer, school, and neighborhood) predicted antisocial behaviors in late adolescence and early adulthood for both females and males. A representative national sample of 1,033 youths and their caregivers completed structured interviews that assessed risk factors in early adolescence, and these risk factors were used to predict subsequent antisocial behaviors. Results of path analyses indicated that peer relationship variables and low levels of academic commitment were most predictive of male antisocial behavior in late adolescence, while physical abuse and age were most predictive of female antisocial behavior in late adolescence. However, most of these same variables no longer predicated antisocial behavior in early adulthood. Overall, the findings suggest that treatments for antisocial behavior should be flexible enough to target the risks that are most salient for male and female youths.

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