scholarly journals Empirical Evaluation of Fixed and Single-Axis Tracking Photovoltaic System: Case of ASHRAE Solar Radiation Modelling for Medina, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Raed Alahmdi ◽  
◽  
Abdulrahman Alansari ◽  
Mohanad Abualkhair ◽  
Abdulrahman Almoghamisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Radiation Modelling ◽  
Fixed System

The main problem in studying the feasibility of solar systems is the enormous gap between theory and experimental radiation intensity, so to get accurate results there is a need for studying energy production in the site of the system empirically. In this study, the energy production of both fixed PV panel system and the system with single-axis tracking were empirically evaluated in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The two systems had the same 270 Wp PV panel. The fixed system was tilted by 23.5 degrees, and the single-axis tracker was tilted by 26 degrees. Both systems had an azimuth angle of zero degrees. A closedloop three-points controller was used to control the tracker with 120 degrees rotation range. The two systems operated simultaneously in July, and the data were collected for 14 days. The empirical results showed that the tracker increased the generated energy by 48.5% during the testing period. As a comparing method, a modified ASHRAE model was used to estimate the increase in the panel's energy output with and without the single-axis tracker, and RMSE and MBE were calculated. It's been found that the experimental energy generation is 10%, 5% less than the estimation of the modified model for the fixed system and the tracking system, respectively. Finally, based on the analysis, it's been estimated that the singleaxis tracker will increase the generated energy by 22.5% yearly in Medina.

scholarly journals Comparação entre sistemas fotovoltaicos em modo fixo e com seguidor em uma instituição pública de ensino no Nordeste do Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Baldoino Sonildo Nóbrega ◽  
Waleria Guerreiro Lima ◽  
Raphael Henrique Falcão de Melo ◽  
Edvan Cruz Aguiar ◽  
Rute Cavalcante Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Fixed System

<p>The present work has the objective of presenting a fixed and solar tracker photovoltaic systems comparative study, through the technical and financial viability evaluation in a public education institution located in the backlands of the state of Paraíba (Brazil). Through a System Advisor Model simulation software, we estimated the electrical energy production of the systems. Then, we performed a statistical analysis to evaluate the differences between the energy production of the proposed systems. Finally, financial indicators were used to assess which system had better financial viability. The results on performance have shown that the annual production of electric energy for photovoltaic systems with tracking is 32% higher than the fixed system. Statistical analysis proved by hypothesis testing that there is evidence that the tracking system produces more electric energy in relation to the fixed system. As for financial evaluation, the fixed system was more advantageous, since its financial indicators were better in all aspects. The research contributed to a better understanding of the differences between photovoltaic systems in terms of technical, financial and statistical aspects, which may help the decision making when choosing the installation of these systems in the region which is being studied.</p>

scholarly journals OPTIMUM TILT ANGLE FOR MAXIMIZING LARGE SCALE SOLAR ELECTRICAL ENERGY OUTPUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nageh ◽  
Md Pauzi Abdullah ◽  
Belal Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Electrical Energy Production ◽  
The Impact

Many large-scale solar (LSS) plants that are being installed today have solar photovoltaic (PV) panels mounted on fixed structures, which limits its electrical energy production. Tracking system can be installed so that the PV panels could change its tilt angle automatically in accordance with the sun’s movement. However, it will increase the construction, operation and maintenance cost significantly. Another option is to manually adjust the tilt angle on periodically basis, but the time period and the optimum tilt angle need to be systematically determined. This paper investigates the impact of using monthly and seasonal optimum tilt angle, βopt on electrical energy production of LSS plant. The proposed strategy can be implemented by using tiltable solar panel mounting structures which is far cheaper than the tracking system. For the study, 1 MW LSS system model is used. Twelve cities around the globe with latitude angle ranging from 0º to 55º are strategically selected. The electrical energy output from the 1 MW LSS plant is simulated by using PV mathematical model that is developed in Matlab software. The overall results show that by adjusting the tilt angle of the PV modules into its optimum angle on monthly or seasonal basis, it would increase the generated energy output between 1.91% and 7.24% for monthly adjustments and between 1.59% and 6.06% for seasonal adjustments.

Energy Production of Different Types and Orientations of Photovoltaic Systems Under Outdoor Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastijan Seme ◽  
Jože Požun ◽  
Bojan Štumberger ◽  
Miralem Hadžiselimović
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Optimal Orientation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This work compares the energy production of different types and orientations of photovoltaic systems under the equal outdoor conditions over the 4-yr period in Slovenia. The following photovoltaic systems were analyzed: the fixed photovoltaic system oriented to the south tilted at 30 deg, the fixed photovoltaic system oriented to the east tilted at 30 deg, the single axis photovoltaic tracking system tilted at 30 deg, and the fixed photovoltaic system oriented to the south tilted at 15 deg. The same monocrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar modules are used in the compared systems. The systems are installed in a radius of 20 m. This provides the same meteorological parameters during the measured period. The impact of orientation and inclination on energy production are evaluated. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the energy production of the photovoltaic systems depends on the solar irradiation, temperature of solar modules, efficiency of solar modules, and efficiency of dc-ac inverters. Based on the analysis and measurements for different photovoltaic systems, the optimal orientation and inclination are presented. The results for Slovenia show that the optimal orientation and inclination facing south tilted at 45 deg.

Environmental life cycle analysis of a fixed PV energy system and a two-axis sun tracking PV energy system in a low-energy house in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-399
Author(s):  
Ceyda Aksoy Tırmıkçı ◽  
Cenk Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
System Design ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Fixed System

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a fixed PV energy system design and a sun tracking PV energy system design to meet the primitive energy demands of a typical house in Sakarya, Turkey with energy payback times (EPBT) and greenhouse payback times (GPBT) calculations. Design/methodology/approach The designs were developed based on the total solar radiation received on the surface of the PV modules. The EPBT and the GPBT of the designs were investigated by utilizing the current embodied energy data of the literature and annual energy output of the proposed systems. The monthly mean total solar radiation, the yearly total solar radiation and the annual energy output of the systems were calculated according to the results of previous studies of authors on 80-W prototypes of a fixed PV energy system tilted at the yearly optimum tilt angle of Sakarya and a two-axis sun tracking PV energy system. Findings The annual energy outputs of the fixed system and the tracking system were established to be 10.092 and 10.311 MJ, respectively. EPBT of the systems were estimated 15.347 years for the fixed system and 11.932 years for the tracking systems which were less than the lifespan of PV modules. The greenhouse gas emitted to produce and install the systems were estimated to be 6,899.342 kg for the fixed system and 5,040.097 kg for the tracking system. GPBT of the systems were calculated to be 5.203 and 2.658 years, respectively. Originality/value PV energy is clean without greenhouse gas emission during the operation. However, significant emissions occur in the life cycle of PV modules until the installation is completed. Therefore reducing the number of PV modules make great differences in the GPBT of PV energy systems. In this paper, comparisons between the GPBT results of the optimally tilted fixed system and tracking system were performed to discuss the best option by means of environmental concerns.

A Fuzzy Logic Controlled Single Axis Solar Tracking System

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 893-898
Author(s):  
Suneetha Racharla ◽  
K. Rajan ◽  
K.R. Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Improved Performance

Recently renewable energy sources have gained much attention as a clean energy. But the main problem occurs with the varying nature with the day and season. Aim of this paper is to conserve the energy, of the natural resources. For solar energy resource, the output induced in the photovoltaic (PV) modules depends on solar radiation and temperature of the solar cells. To maximize the efficiency of the system it is necessary to track the path of sun in order to keep the panel perpendicular to the sun. This paper proposes the design and construction of a microcontroller-based solar panel tracking system. The fuzzy controller aims at maximizing the efficiency of PV panel by focusing the sunlight to incident perpendicularly to the panel. The system consists of a PV panel which can be operated with the help of DC motor, four LED sensors placed in different positions and a fuzzy controller which takes the input from sensors and gives output speed to motor. A prototype is fabricated to test the results and compared with the simulation results. The results show the improved performance by using a tracking system

Design and Implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy Controller Using FPGA for Sun Tracking System

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Aldair ◽  
Adel Obed ◽  
Ali Halihal
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Fixed Angle ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

Nowadays, renewable energy is being used increasingly because of the global warming and destruction of the environment. Therefore, the studies are concentrating on gain of maximum power from this energy such as the solar energy. A sun tracker is device which rotates a photovoltaic (PV) panel to the sun to get the maximum power. Disturbances which are originated by passing the clouds are one of great challenges in design of the controller in addition to the losses power due to energy consumption in the motors and lifetime limitation of the sun tracker. In this paper, the neuro-fuzzy controller has been designed and implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for dual axis sun tracker based on optical sensors to orient the PV panel by two linear actuators. The experimental results reveal that proposed controller is more robust than fuzzy logic controller and proportional-integral (PI) controller since it has been trained offline using Matlab tool box to overcome those disturbances. The proposed controller can track the sun trajectory effectively, where the experimental results reveal that dual axis sun tracker power can collect 50.6% more daily power than fixed angle panel. Whilst one axis sun tracker power can collect 39.4 % more daily power than fixed angle panel. Hence, dual axis sun tracker can collect 8 % more daily power than one axis sun tracker.

scholarly journals A Prototype Design and Development of the Smart Photovoltaic System Blind Considering the Photovoltaic Panel, Tracking System, and Monitoring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangbok Jeong ◽  
Taehoon Hong ◽  
Choongwan Koo ◽  
Jeongyoon Oh ◽  
Minhyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Prototype Design

scholarly journals Experimental Efficiency Analysis of a Photovoltaic System with Different Module Technologies under Temperate Climate Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Gulkowski ◽  
Agata Zdyb ◽  
Piotr Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Technology System

This study presents a comparative analysis of energy production over the year 2015 by the grid connected experimental photovoltaic (PV) system composed by different technology modules, which operates under temperate climate meteorological conditions of Eastern Poland. Two thin film technologies have been taken into account: cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). Rated power of each system is approximately equal to 3.5 kWp. In addition, the performance of a polycrystalline silicon technology system has been analyzed in order to provide comprehensive comparison of the efficiency of thin film and crystalline technologies in the same environmental conditions. The total size of the pc-Si system is equal to 17 kWp. Adequate sensors have been installed at the location of the PV system to measure solar irradiance and temperature of the modules. In real external conditions all kinds of modules exhibit lower efficiency than the values provided by manufacturers. The study reveals that CIGS technology is characterized by the highest energy production and performance ratio. The observed temperature related losses are of the lowest degree in case of CIGS modules.

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