scholarly journals Decomposition of oat straw and release of macronutrients in different managements

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Jonas Francisco Egewarth ◽  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego ◽  
Eloisa Mattei ◽  
Vanessa Aline Egewarth ◽  
...  

The present work was aimed in order to evaluate the decomposition process of remaining straw from oat cultivars submitted to different handling during the cultivation of corn for silage intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. MG13 Braúna. We considered nine oat cultivars named as follows: "IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ" oat hay (61F), "IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ" pasture (61P), "IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ" cover crop (61SM), "Embrapa 139 (Fog)" oat hay (139F),"Embrapa 139 (Fog)" pasture (139P)," Embrapa 139 (Fog)" cover crop (139SM), "Emerald IPR 126" oat hay (EF), "Emerald IPR 126" grazed (EP) and "Emerald IPR 126" cover crop (ESM) from which we evaluated the decomposition of the remaining straw using the method of litter bags. The evaluations were carried out at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 108 days after sowing corn for silage intercropped with Brizantha brachiaria cv. MG13 Braúna (Urochloa brizantha). Every oat cultivar had three repetitions arranged in a split-plot design. We took into account the quantity of straw, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, carbon / nitrogen ratio, phosphorus and potassium. The results we got clarify that oat decomposition rate varied with the meteorological factors and initial mass, so that the greater the initial mass is, the longer the straw permanency and mulch effectiveness on the soil. The time the residual oat straw took to be decomposed depended on meteorological factors both during the cover crop developmental stage and the decomposition period itself. The higher the initial mass, the greater the time and effectiveness of mulching.

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Finney ◽  
Charles M. White ◽  
Jason P. Kaye

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouzhou Fan ◽  
Zhenzhen Jia ◽  
Yongshuang Li ◽  
Peng Lian ◽  
Xiawei Peng

AbstractKnowledge about the microbial communities in composting has advanced, but definitive knowledge concerning the application of actinomycetal communities in garden waste composting is still lacking. In this study, we compared the effects of amending compost with mixed agent M1 (five high-degradability strains) and other agents on the physicochemical indices and microbial community succession. The results showed that Pile A (only applying M1), exhibited a pH closer to neutral, the complete degradation of organic matter, and the highest remaining levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The seed germination rate, root length, and seed germination index values were significantly higher in piles amended with M1 and/or commercially available agents than in piles without exogenous microbial agents. Analyzing the microbial communities, these treatments were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes during composting. The amount of Streptomyces was negatively correlated with the carbon/nitrogen ratio and positively correlated with total phosphorus and total potassium. Adding M1 increased microbial diversity, and the dominant microbial communities at the end of composting were similar to those found in the commercial microbial inoculum. Overall, agent M1 can shorten the composting process and increase the extent of degradation. This research provides additional insights into the potential function of Actinomycetes in compost ecology.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidimara Souza Da Silveira ◽  
Renato Tavares Martins ◽  
Roberto da Gama Alves

Abstract. The decomposition of macrophytes is an essential process for cycling of carbon and nutrients, and it is source of organic matter for invertebrates in lakes. We evaluated the colonization by aquatic invertebrates in decomposing leaves of two species of macrophytes in a Neotropical lentic system. The experiment was conducted from November 2007 to February 2008, with the use of 54 litter bags (Eichhornia azurea (Swartz): n = 27 and Salvinia auriculata Aubl.: n= 27), each containing 10 g of dry leaves. Three bags of each species were retrieved after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 days of incubation. The remaining leaf mass of the two macrophytes species tended to decrease with time, although at different rates. The decomposition of E. azurea and S. auriculata leaves were classified as rapid and intermediate, respectively. In general, during the experiment carbon: nitrogen ratio declined in E. azurea and increased in S. auriculata, and presented difference among the days of the experiment and between the macrophyte species. In E. azurea mass loss was negatively correlated with carbon: nitrogen ratio of the leaves, but the same pattern was not observed for the S. auriculata leaves. The composition and richness of invertebrates differed among days, but not between macrophytes species. We concluded that the succession process along the detritus chain was more important in structuring the invertebrate community than the variation in the nutritional quality of the leaf litter for these two species of macrophytes.Colonização por Invertebrados Durante a Decomposição foliar de Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth (Commelinales: Pontoderiaceae) e Salvinia auriculata Aubl. (Salvinales: Salvinaceae) em um Sistema Lêntico NeotropicalResumo. A decomposição de macrófitas é um processo essencial para ciclagem de carbono e nutrientes, e é fonte de matéria orgânica para invertebrados em lagos. Avaliamos a colonização por invertebrados aquáticos em folhas em decomposição de duas espécies de macrófitas em um sistema lêntico Neotropical. O experimento foi conduzido entre novembro de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008, com a utilização de 54 sacos de detrito (Eichhornia azurea (Swartz): n = 27 e Salvinia auriculata Aubl.: n = 27), cada um contendo 10 g de folhas secas. Três sacos de cada espécie foram recuperados após 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 e 72 dias de incubação. A massa remanescente de folha das duas espécies de macrófitas tendeu a diminuir com o tempo, embora a velocidades diferentes. A decomposição de folhas de E. azurea e S. auriculata foram classificadas como rápida e intermédia, respectivamente. Em geral, durante o experimento a razão carbono: nitrogênio diminuiu em E. azurea e aumentou em S. auriculata, e apresentou diferença entre os dias de experimento e entre as espécies de macrófitas. Em E. azurea perda de massa foi negativamente correlacionada com a razão de carbono: nitrogênio das folhas, mas o mesmo padrão não foi observado para as folhas de S. auriculata. A composição e riqueza de invertebrados diferiram entre os dias, mas não entre espécies de macrófitas. Concluímos que o processo de sucessão ao longo da cadeia de detritos foi mais importante na estruturação da comunidade de invertebrados do que a variação na qualidade nutricional do detrito de folha para estas duas espécies de macrófitas.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kano ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Keitaro Suzuki ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Hiromitsu Odani ◽  
...  

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.


RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 23212-23220
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Jiaolong Huang ◽  
Manqi Huang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  

Schematic diagram of RDCWs system and proposed mechanisms for nitrate removal.


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