A prospective study of demographic profile, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus positive pregnant women in a tertiary care centre

Background: Viral hepatitis is the most common liver disease in pregnancy and is also the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy in tropical countries. Risk factors for transmission are intravenous drug abuse, surgical and dental procedures done without adequate sterilization of instruments, sexual route etc. Early diagnosis and management can prevent maternal and fetal complications. This study was done to evaluate the frequency, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive antenatal women.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2017 to June 2018 on total 2511 pregnant women. The serum samples were checked for presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presence of IgG antibodies to HCV. Analysis of sociodemographic profile, risk factors and pregnancy outcome were done in all HBV and HCV positive women.Results: Out of 2511 pregnant women, 292 were tested positive for hepatitis. Maximum number of women were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most of the seropositive women were multipara. Frequency of positivity was maximum for HCV (67.1%). The risk factors for transmission in study population were intravenous drug abuse, blood transfusion, history of surgery and tattooing.Conclusions: Hepatitis infection rate is increasing. Universal screening for HBV and HCV can be recommended in pregnant women in developing countries. Education and awareness of public and health care workers can reduce the risk of transmission.

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Influence of Tattoo Ink on Hepatitis C Virus Infectiousness

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrick Behrendt ◽

Janina Brüning ◽

Daniel Todt ◽

Eike Steinmann

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

Intravenous Drug Abuse ◽

Infected Blood ◽

Hcv Transmission

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus and is most frequently transmitted through large or repeated direct percutaneous exposures to infected blood. The 2 most common exposures associated with transmission of HCV are blood transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. The association between HCV transmission and other suspected risk factors such as tattooing is more controversial. Although HCV can survive for days to weeks in suspension or on inanimate surfaces, its stability in tattooing supplies remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the influence of tattoo ink on HCV infectiousness.

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HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.26148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (12) ◽

pp. 3265-3270

Author(s):

Cruz S. Sebastião ◽

Zoraima Neto ◽

Domingos Jandondo ◽

Marinela Mirandela ◽

Joana Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Virus Hepatitis ◽

B Virus

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Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Selected Health Facilities in East Wollega Zone, West Oromia, Ethiopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/4792584 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Regea Dabsu ◽

Eyasu Ejeta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Care Services ◽

B Virus

Background. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are a public health problem worldwide. It is highly endemic in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Horizontal and perinatal transmissions are thought to be the major modes of transmission in these countries. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiology and possible risk factors for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from July to September 2014 among 421 pregnant women attending antenatal care services in randomly selected health facilities, East Wollega Zone, West Oromia, Ethiopia. Blood sample was collected from each woman and separated serum was tested for the presence of markers. A prestructured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and risk factors. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as measures of the strength of association. Result. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 2.4% ranging from 0.0% to 5.2%. It was the highest in Sire Health Center and the lowest/nil in others. The prevalence of HCV ranged from 6.7% to 20% with an average of 8.07% in this study area where it was highest in the Getema Health Center Antenatal Care Attendants. Only address (p=0.020) and area of the health institution (p=0.021) are significantly the associated factors for HBsAg and serostatus of HCV, respectively. Conclusion. The prevalence of HBsAg carrier rate of pregnant women in the study area falls within the medium endemic prevalence and HCV prevalence was higher than HBsAg. Study participants who were from urban areas were significantly affected with HBV while study institution affects the prevalence of HCV infection so that initiating screening tests during follow up period for antenatal care services is mandatory.

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Hepatitis C Virus in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1709672 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Andes ◽

Kerry Ellenberg ◽

Amanda Vakos ◽

James Collins ◽

Kimberly Fryer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Universal Screening ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to summarize recent demographic characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy and the efficacy of risk-based versus universal screening. Study Design PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies that recognized hepatitis C as a primary or secondary outcome, with pregnant women as the population and written in English, were included. Studies were excluded if they were abstracts only, written in foreign language, or published prior to 1992. Two researchers independently screened all the studies by titles, abstracts, and full text. Conflicts were settled by a third researcher. Results A total of 698 studies were identified with 78 fitting inclusion criteria. In total, 69 epidemiologic and 9 comparison studies were found. Identified risk factors for HCV infection include intravenous or illicit drug use, sexually transmitted coinfection, high-risk behaviors in the partners, high parity, and history of miscarriages or abortions. Demographic characteristics associated with HCV include non-Hispanic white race, American Indian or Alaskan Native ethnicity, and increasing age. Providers may fail to adequately screen for each risk factor, and up to two-thirds of women with a known risk factor are not screened under current guidelines. Finally, up to 27% of HCV+ women have no identifiable risk factors for infection. Conclusion There is evidence that risk-based screening fails to identify a large proportion of HCV positive women in pregnancy and that pregnant women with HCV risk factors and consistent with current screening guidelines fail to be tested. We urge for the adoption of universal screening to identify these women and offer treatment.

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Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and association with intravenous drug abuse and tattooing in a national prison in Norway

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/bf02009378 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 673-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

D. S. Holsen ◽

S. Harthug ◽

H. Myrmel

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

Intravenous Drug Abuse

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Intravenous Drug Abuse–the Major Route of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission among Alcohol-Dependent Individuals?

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.3109/00365529309098279 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 714-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

H. Verbaan ◽

K. Andersson ◽

S. Eriksson

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

Intravenous Drug Abuse ◽

Major Route ◽

Alcohol Dependent ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Transmission

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Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357901812010026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Arnolfo Petruzziello

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Liver Cancers ◽

B Virus

Introduction:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent primary malignant tumors and accounts for about 90% of all primary liver cancers. Its distribution varies greatly according to geographic location and it is more common in middle and low- income countries than in developed ones especially in Eastern Asia and Sub Saharan Africa (70% of all new HCCs worldwide), with incidence rates of over 20 per 100,000 individuals.Explanation:The most important risk factors for HCC are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, excessive consumption of alcohol and exposition to aflatoxin B1. Its geographic variability and heterogeneity have been widely associated with the different distribution of HBV and HCV infections worldwide.Chronic HBV infection is one of the leading risk factors for HCC globally accounting for at least 50% cases of primary liver tumors worldwide. Generally, while HBV is the main causative agent in the high incidence HCC areas, HCV is the major etiological factor in low incidence HCC areas, like Western Europe and North America.Conclusion:HBV-induced HCC is a complex, stepwise process that includes integration of HBV DNA into host DNA at multiple or single sites. On the contrary, the cancerogenesis mechanism of HCV is not completely known and it still remains controversial as to whether HCV itself plays a direct role in the development of tumorigenic progression.

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