scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid disorders among pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Pragya Shree ◽  
Vaibhav Kanti ◽  
Kalpana Kumari ◽  
Rajeev Suchdeva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Maternal Weight

Background: Hormonal changes and metabolic demands during pregnancy result in profound alterations in the biochemical parameters of thyroid function. Screening for thyroid disorders and initiation of its management at the earliest stage during first trimester is essential as maternal thyroid failure during the first half of pregnancy has been associated with several pregnancy complications and intellectual impairment in offspring. Aim was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction during the first and second trimester of pregnancy among women of Rajasthan state in India.Methods: The study comprised a cohort of 313 consecutive pregnant women in the first and second trimester that attended the OPD and were admitted as pregnant women in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and free T4 (fT4) were estimated. The subjects were grouped into six groups based on the value of serum TSH and fT4.Results: Out of 313 antenatal women enrolled in the study, 213 (68%) attended antenatal clinic in first trimester of pregnancy and 100 (32%) women in their second trimester. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 15.97% (overt hypothyroidism 1.28%, subclinical hypothyroidism 4.79%, isolated hypothyroxinemia 4.47%, overt hyperthyroidism 1.92%, and subclinical hyperthyroidism 3.51%). The women with overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were older than euthyroid women. Maternal weight was high in pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism (58.22±6.18 kg) and subclinical hypothyroidism (52.04±2.94 kg). Gravid status was high in pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated hypothyroxinemia, but low in hyperthyroid group. History of miscarriage was high in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusions: With this study, it was concluded that there is high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy predominantly in rural population of Rajasthan. Majority among these being subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia.

scholarly journals Study on thyroid function test in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Nayak ◽  
Manorama Swain ◽  
Sujata Misra ◽  
Manju Kumari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Free T4

Thyroid disorder is a very common endocrine problem encountered by pregnant women. Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse outcome both in mother and fetus. The aim of the study: to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, F.M. Medical College & Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from June 2020 to May 2021. 220 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were included. Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were estimated by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Results. Out of 220 pregnant women screened for thyroid dysfunction, 68 were found to have thyroid disorders. 27.3 % of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.4 % had overt hypothyroidism, 1.8 % had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had overt hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.36 % when the upper reference limit of TSH level taken as 4 mIU/L. Prevalence of thyroid disorder among pregnant women in the age groups 18–25 years, 26–30 years and 31–40 years were 28.9 %, 32.1 % and 38.9 % respectively. There were 35.5 %, 28 % and 26 % pregnant women with thyroid disorders in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Prevalence of both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were more in multigravida compared to primigravida. Conclusion. Our study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common pattern.

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction among Indian pregnant women and its effect on the maternal and fetal outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Aditi Jain ◽  
Raksha M. ◽  
Kanakalatha D. Nakum
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder

Background: Screening of thyroid disorders in antenatal women during first trimester, to recommend management of thyroid disorder during pregnancy and to know the maternal and fetal outcome of such pregnancy.Methods: This is a prospective study for the incidence of thyroid disorder in early pregnancy and the outcome of such pregnancy. 100 cases were randomly selected from the antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital in India and after fulfilling the inclusion criteria they were subjected to screening for thyroid disorder till 13 weeks of pregnancy. TSH is often considered the “gold standard” for assessing thyroid function. If the participant had normal value then she was not subjected to follow up, but if abnormal, then follow up was done after 4-8 weeks, thyroid profile was repeated and if values were altered, they were medically managed and closely monitored. The obstetric and perinatal outcome of the pregnancy was noted.Results: In this screening study to detect and manage thyroid disorder, 100 antenatal women were selected randomly, from which 49 women where primigravidae and 51 women were multi-gravidae, 17 of them were of <20years, 54 were between 21 to 25 years. There was 5 percent incidence of thyroid disorder in the study group. There were 3 cases of hyperthyroidism and 2 cases of overt hypothyroidism which had poor fetal and maternal outcome on follow up.Conclusions: Our study shows that the evaluation of thyroid disorders in early pregnancy and timely intervention will lead to a decrease in the complications thereby improving the maternal and fetal outcome.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3493
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Pahwa ◽  
Sabia Mangat
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. Often overlooked in pregnancy due to nonspecific symptoms and hyper-metabolic state of pregnancy. Western literature shows prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy as 2.5% and hypothyroidism as 0.1-0.4%. There is paucity of data on prevalence of thyroid disorders in India pregnant population. This study was carried out to know prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women in Indian population.Methods: One hundred pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in first trimester were registered. Detailed history and examination was done. Apart from routine basic and obstetrical investigations, TSH, FT3 and FT4 level estimation was done.Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high in this study in first trimester pregnant women, with subclinical hypothyroidism in 6%, overt hypothyroidism in 2%, subclinical hyperthyroidism 2 % and overt hyperthyroidism 0%.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid disorders, especially subclinical hypothyroidism (6%), overt hypothyroidism (2%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (2%) was high. To prevent adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome, we are emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.

scholarly journals A study of thyroid dysfunction among elderly in a tertiary care hospital

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-453
Author(s):  
Sadhna Sharma ◽  
Biju Govind ◽  
T.S.A. Satyamaharshi ◽  
M.Divya Vani ◽  
, M. Shivshankar
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction and Aim: The prevalence of thyroid disorders all over the world is on the rise. However, the diagnosis is complicated among the elderlies due to factors such as non-specific clinical manifestations and interacting medications. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence and type of thyroid dysfunction among the elderly. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care teachinghospital. The study included 100 subjects aged above 60 years, of both genders. Data for clinical examination and biochemical tests such as T3, T4, TSH and lipid profile were collected. Reports of USG/FNAC, performed in cases of thyroid nodule, were also checked.Results:The prevalence of thyroid disorders was 22% of the study population. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism were observed among 4% and 17% respectively, with 1% having hyperthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was more common among women. No specific trend was observed with increasing age.TPO antibodies were positive among 73% of the cases. Patients with thyroid dysfunction had higher values of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL. The proportion of dyslipidemia was significantly higher among elderly with thyroid dysfunction as compared to people with no thyroid dysfunction (90.90% Vs 24.35%, P value < 0.001). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly is common. Strong clinical suspicion of thyroid diseases in elderly patients presenting with non-specific symptoms is needed. This would aid in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders among the elderly.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1855-1857
Author(s):  
Israr-Ul- Haq ◽  
Junaid Mushtaq ◽  
Atiq Ahmad ◽  
Waqas Mahmood ◽  
Mujtaba Hasan Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Aim: To evaluate and assess the prevalence along with its related complications of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant ladies during the 1st trimester of pregnancy in Pakistani population. Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Unit-1 of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from 11th February 2019 to 29th December 2019. Methodology: Four hundred and fifty seven pregnant women with a gestational age up to 12th week with an age group between 18-45 years were included in this study. Blood samples were collected for free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Patients were regularly followed at an interval of 4 weeks for their entire pregnancy period. Adverse events and complications were noted. Results: One hundred and sixty nine subjects had TSH levels above the normal range i.e., 4.6-10mIU/L. 288 subjects were having TSH below 4 mIU/L levels. The overall prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was found to be 37% in pregnant women during their first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women having subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) were having higher risks of loss of pregnancy, abruptio placentae and neonatal death rates as compared to euthyroid pregnant women. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in the first trimester of pregnancy indicates that these women are at increased risks of loss of pregnancy, placental abruption and neonatal death as compared to euthyroid pregnant women. Keywords: First trimester; pregnancy; subclinical hypothyroidism

scholarly journals Thyroid disorders in pregnancy: prevalence and its fetomaternal outcome in a tertiary hospital of Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Neha Bansal ◽  
Divya .
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: This study was conducted to determine the feto maternal outcome in pregnant women with thyroid disorders. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in present study was 15.75%.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in all pregnant women irrespective of their parity, who attended ANC clinic in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. After registering, the patients were followed up with routine antenatal visits up to delivery and records were reviewed for development of abortion, PIH, preterm delivery, GDM, anemia, placental abruption, still birth, anomalies, fetal distress, meconium stained liquor, low birth weight and neonatal outcome by neonate Apgar score and TSH value.Results: Mean age group in our study was 27.61±3.14. Family history was present in 8% of study group versus 0% in control group which was statistically significant (p=0.028). Eighteen percent of preeclampsia was diagnosed in study group as compared to 4% in control group which was statistically significant (p-value= 0.005). Fourteen percent patients had preterm labour in study group as compared to 6.7% in control group which was statistically significant (p value= 0.047). Increased neonatal TSH was found in study group (61.3%) as compared to control group (32%), this difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). There was increased importance of measuring TSH in first trimester as it was statistically significant in study group (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: All pregnant women should be screened for hypothyroidism as early as possible or before conception to prevent any fetomaternal complications.

scholarly journals A hospital based retrospective study of thyroid disorders on obstetric and perinatal outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4590
Author(s):  
Sagar R. Patel ◽  
Pushpa A. Yadava ◽  
Shital T. Mehta ◽  
Bina M. Raval ◽  
Viditsinh P. Sisodiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Free T4

Background: The study was undertaken in pregnant women to understand and analyze the obstetric and foetal outcomes of thyroid disorders.Methods: TSH estimation was used as universal screening in their first visit to our hospital. Those patients with abnormal TSH values, i.e. above 2.5 mIU/ml in first trimester and above 3 mIU/ml in second and third trimesters were evaluated for free T3, free T4 and TPO Abs. They were treated accordingly and dosage adjustments made and the tests repeated once in 4-6 weeks. They were followed throughout pregnancy and delivery.Results: Total no of pregnant women screened were 904 over a period of 1 year from 15 March 2019 to 14 March 2020, of which 115 had abnormal thyroid functions, thereby the prevalence of thyroid disorders being 12.72%. Of the 115 patients with thyroid disorders, 112 were hypothyroid and 3 were hyperthyroid. Among the 112 hypothyroid cases, 48 were known cases and 64 were new cases. The total cases of subclinical hypothyroidism were 88, prevalence being 9.73% and overt cases were 24, prevalence being 2.65%; 3 cases were overt hyperthyroid, prevalence being 0.33%. 66% of subclinical hypothyroidism were TPO positive and 34% of overt hypothyroidism were TPO positive (p<0.05). Out of 115 abnormal thyroid function patients, 92 patients delivered in our hospital. There were 15 abortions, 13 spontaneous and 2 terminations of pregnancies; 7 patients have delivered outside and 1 patient lost follow up.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders during pregnancy was significantly more in our study, hypothyroidism being the commonest. Significant numbers of cases were newly diagnosed on universal screening. The commonest disorder was subclinical hypothyroidism. Adverse maternal and foetal outcomes were almost similar in both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. The common adverse outcomes noted were abortions, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm births and increased rates of caesarean sections. The adverse outcomes were significantly more in autoimmune antibody positive patients.

scholarly journals Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharmeen ◽  
PA Shamsunnahar ◽  
TR Laita ◽  
SB Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

scholarly journals A study of thyroid profile in cases of primary infertility attending a tertiary care hospital of south India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Anitha Nirakari B.
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Primary Infertility

Background: Infertility is a rising major problem affecting more than 50 million couples globally every year. Endocrine as well as immune system abnormalities can impair the fertility. Most of the studies globally indicated association of infertility with multiple factors like stress, luteal phase defects, structural and functional reproductive disturbances. Many infertile women with thyroid dysfunction had associated hyperprolactinemia with increases TSH in ovulatory dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of hypo and hyperthyroidism with infertility among cases of primary infertility in women.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the patients attending the infertility clinic for the first time. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee and the study was carried as per the guidelines of the ethical committee. The serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH were estimated and Prolactin in cases where necessary by Chemiluminiscence immunoassay. The data was analyzed by using the unpaired “t” test. A ‘p’ value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: 285 cases were enrolled and majority (38.6%) was in 31-34 age groups with mean age of 24.2± 1.6 years. 30.53% were found with thyroid dysfunction. Majority (16.49%) were found with subclinical hypothyroid, followed in order by primary hypothyroid (9.82%), subclinical hyperthyroid (2.11%), primary hyperthyroid (1.05%), secondary hypothyroid (0.70%) and secondary hyperthyroid (0.35%).Conclusions: To conclude, thyroid dysfunction is a common cause of infertility and can be easily managed by correcting the levels of thyroid hormones. Present study suggests that thyroid replacement therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism at an early stage is justified in infertile women. Borderline variations in TSH levels should not be ignored in infertile women who are otherwise asymptomatic for subclinical hypothyroidism. Hence for better management of cases of primary infertility studies with large sample size and long term follow up are required to validate and justify the variation in TSH and prolactin levels.

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