Abstract
BackgroundIn patients receiving high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), predicting chance of response is crucial in order to avoid unnecessary delay of intubation. Whether commonly used predictors of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) response may be as applicable for HFNO, is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective bi-centric analysis of adults treated with HFNO in two Austrian medical intensive care units from 01/2014 until 09/2017. Predictive value of respiratory rate, PaO2, PaCO2, SpO2, ROX index, pH, heart rate, base excess, SOFA-Score and SAPS III was analysed by means of logistic regression with HFNO responding as dependent variable. Calculations were also done separately in patients receiving HFNO as post-extubation support (Group A) and all other indications (Group B). ResultsWe registered 127 patients (m:f = 70:57, median age: 67 [IQR 53-77] years). Forty-eight patients (37.8%) received HFNO as post-extubation support and were assigned to group A. Seventy-nine patients (62.2%) received HFNO due to any other indication and were assigned to group B. Criteria of HFNO response were fulfilled by 42 patients (87.5%) of group A and 53 (67.1%) of group B patients.Whereas respiratory rate, PaO2, PaCO2, SpO2, pH, heart rate, base excess, SOFA-Score and SAPS III did not differ between responders and non-responders, ROX index showed significant association with HFNO success in all patients. With increasing ROX index, the odds for response increased (OR [95% CI]: baseline: 1.21 [1.05, 1.38], p = 0.0069, after 2 hours: 1.19 [1.05; 1.34], p = 0.0061, after 6 hours: 1.23 [1.06; 1.42], p = 0.0049). Subgroup analyses revealed similar odds ratios for ROX index (baseline: group A: 1.17 [0.90; 1.52], p = 0.24; group B: 1.22 [1.04; 1.43], p = 0.015; after 2 hours: 1.30 [0.94; 1.82], p = 0.12, group B: 1.18 [1.03; 1.34], p = 0.014; after 6 hours: 1.76 [1.01; 3.06], p = 0.047, group B: 1.19 [1.03; 1.37], p = 0.022). ConclusionsCriteria of HFNO success deviate from criteria for response to NIV. ROX index indicated HFNO response in a wide range of indications.