scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Jahan ◽  
Noor Jahan ◽  
Sumit Rungta ◽  
Ausaf Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally with maternal-fetaltransmission on the rise. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among pregnant women attending integral institute of medical sciences and research hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 345 pregnant women were recruited from the integral institute of medical sciences and research hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Blood samples were collected for the detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and identify the risk factors associated with the two infections. Ethical clearances were taken from the institution. Data tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Out of total 345 samples of pregnant females examined during the study. In which, 20(5.8%) were seropositive for hepatitis B and 6(1.7%) positive for hepatitis C among pregnant women.8.8% positive for hepatitis B among pregnant females in their age group 15-25. Maximum non-reactive patients of hepatitis C (99.9%) belongs to age group (15-25). 33.3% hepatitis B positive out of total blood transfusion cases. Patients having previous history surgery, in which 24.2% positive with hepatitis B. Hepatitis B and C positive patients having abdominal pain were 9.3% and 3.1% respectively. Patients were having history of jaundice, in which 55.6% and 33.3% suffering with hepatitis B and C.Conclusions: The need to institute public health measures to reduce disease burden and transmission, including routine screening of all pregnant mothers for HBV and HCV infections Factors associated with higher rate of HBV and HCV infections include advancing age, low level of education, tattooing, blood transfusion, and history of jaundice.

Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
O. Erhabor ◽  
S.Y. Mohammad ◽  
L. Bello ◽  
F.U. Onuigwe ◽  
Y. Abdulrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Markers

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS: The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections. RESULTS: Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p= 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B and C viruses’ infection and associated factors among pregnant women in the Amhara region, Ethiopia: implications for prevention of vertical transmission.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulat Dagnew ◽  
Yihenew Million ◽  
Mucheye Gizachew ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Gashaw Yitayew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Hepatitis virus infection is a major public health burden and silent killer disease in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Despite the recommendations of the World Health Organization, screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in pregnant women is not done routinely in public health institutions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the burden of HBV and HCV and its associated factors among pregnant women in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods A total of 1121 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Data on sociodemographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood was collected from the pregnant women, and serum samples were tested for HBsAg and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) using ELISA. The status of HIV-infected pregnant women was collected from the records of their charts. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis, and a binary logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between factors associated with HBV and HCV infection. Results The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody were 4.6% and 1.6, respectively. The co-infection rate of HBV/HCV was 1.4% (1/69). Ten out of 52 HBV positive cases (19.2%) were co-infected with HIV. Only 20 (1.8%) pregnant women had the HBV vaccine. Interestingly, pregnant women with a history of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.2,95% CI,1.7–7.6), blood transfusion (AOR = 7.6,95% CI,2.9–16.9), family history of HBV (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI,1.7–7.6), being HIV-positive (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI,1-5.9), and tattooing (AOR = 2, 95% CI, 1-3.8) were significant predictors of HBV infection. Conclusions HBV and HCV infections were intermediate among pregnant women; risk factors were responsible for the majority of cases. Infants born from these infected mothers are at risk of infection. This calls for integration of HBV prevention into the PMTC of HIV. Thus, the provision of health education on HBV and HCV transmission, vaccination, and screening of all pregnant women routinely is essential for PMTCT.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and associated risk factors among pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirin Cetin ◽  
Meryem Cetin ◽  
Ebru Turhan ◽  
Kenan Dolapcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a serious global public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), as well as the risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of the University Hospital in Antioch, Turkey. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2016 and December 2016. The Chi-squared was utilized to estimate the statistical significance of the association between socio-demographic variables and HBsAg status. The results were generated as proportions odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and calculated by using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was found to be 2.1%. A significant association was observed between age and HBsAg seropositivity (p = 0.027). History of blood transfusion (AOR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.92-46.80, p = 0.006), history of hepatitis (AOR = 11.13, 95% CI = 2.02-61.28, p = 0.006), tattooing (AOR = 13.64, 95% CI = 2.52-73.76, p = 0.002) and a history of household/close contact (AOR = 11.10, 95% CI = 1.56-78.65, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions: Data regarding the seroprevalence of HBsAg and risk factors associated with HBV infection in pregnant women plays a crucial role in evaluating the effectiveness of the public health protection policies and the strategies to control the disease.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and seroprevalence profile of sexually transmitted infections (HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Syphilis) in asymptomatic pregnant females

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4636
Author(s):  
Paramjit Kaur ◽  
Ruby Bhatia ◽  
Rupinder Sidhu ◽  
Surinder K. Bhopal ◽  
Amandev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Pregnant Females

Background: Globally 499 million new episodes of curable STIs occur in the age group of 15-49 years, 80% in developing countries and 79 million in India alone. There is an increasing trend for viral STIs while bacterial STIs are on decline. Number of pregnant women with STIs is increasing by about 250 million a year in developed world and double that number in developing countries. The objective of the study was to estimate seroprevalence of STIs (Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, HIV and Syphilis) and to evaluate impact of sociodemographic profile and sexual behaviour on STIsMethods: This observational study was carried out on 1000 asymptomatic pregnant females attending antenatal clinics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College Patiala, Punjab.Results: Seroprevalence for STIs in asymptomatic pregnant females was 22.5%. Hepatitis C-9%, Hepatitis B-6.3%, HIV-5.5%, and Syphilis 1.7%. Illiteracy, low socio economic status, homemakers, rural background with multiple sex partners in the 21-30 years age group is associated with increasing trends of STIs in pregnancy.Conclusions: Screening asymptomatic pregnant women for STIs remains a key programme strategy for quadruple (Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, HIV and Syphilis) prevention. Mandatory screening for STIs to reduce perinatal transmission is need of the millennium– a step toward ending STI epidemics as a global priority. 

HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 3265-3270
Author(s):  
Cruz S. Sebastião ◽  
Zoraima Neto ◽  
Domingos Jandondo ◽  
Marinela Mirandela ◽  
Joana Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Children in Enugu Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1178122X1879285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann Chinenye Ezeilo ◽  
Godwill Azeh Engwa ◽  
Romanus Ifeanyi Iroha ◽  
Damian Chukwu Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Background: Though measures are being put in place for the management of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria, children remain the most vulnerable to develop chronic hepatitis. Routine screening in children is therefore necessary for effective control. However, the performance of the commonly used immunochromatographic test (ICT) strips has been challenging. Also, identifying the risk factors of transmission in this age group is of importance for the implementation of preventive measures. Hence, the goal of this study was to assess the test performance of the routinely used ICT strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HBV. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 270 children below six years of age was conducted at ESUTH and Favor Child Pediatrics Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The subjects were screened for HBV by ICT and ELISA assays and a structured questionnaire was used to obtain participants data including demographic, socioeconomic, signs and symptoms, risk factors and vaccination. Results: BBased on ELISA, 31 out of 270 children were positive for HBV with an infection rate of 11.5%. ICT kit showed a low sensitivity of 51.6% in diagnosing HBV but was highly specific (100%) and accurate (94.4%). HBV infection was not associated with sex (χ2: 0.209; p = 0.401). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar in all the age group and HBV infection was not associated (χ2: 2.099; p = 0.914) with age group. All the clinical manifestations were not associated ( p > 0.05) with HBV infection. Blood transfusion, shared items, tattoo marks and history of surgery associated significantly ( p < 0.05) with HBV infections having odd ratios of 4.247, 4.224, 3.134 and 3.195 respectively. The vaccination rate was 55.2% (159/270) and only 3 (1.1%) out of 159 vaccinated subjected contracted the infection (OR: 0.068, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: HBV was prevalent (11.5%) in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis. Moreover, the routinely used ICT test was less reliable than ELISA in diagnosis HBV infection. More so, shared items, blood transfusion, tattooing and history of surgery were potential risk factors while vaccination served as a protective factor against the infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and demographic factors associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection from a hospital emergency department testing programme, London, United Kingdom, 2015 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bundle ◽  
Sooria Balasegaram ◽  
Sarah Parry ◽  
Sadna Ullah ◽  
Ross J Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Black British ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Black Other

Background Progress towards HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination requires local prevalence estimates and linkage to care (LTC) of undiagnosed or disengaged cases. Aim We aimed to estimate seroprevalence, factors associated with positive blood-borne virus (BBV) serology and numbers needed to screen (NNS) to detect a new BBV diagnosis and achieve full LTC from emergency department (ED) BBV testing. Methods During a 9-month programme in an ED in east London, England, testing was offered to adult attendees having a full blood count (FBC). We estimated factors associated with positive BBV serology using logistic regression and NNS as the inverse of seroprevalence. Estimates were weighted to the age, sex and ethnicity of the FBC population. Results Of 6,211 FBC patients tested, 217 (3.5%) were positive for at least one BBV. Weighted BBV seroprevalence was 4.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–4.9). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of positive BBV serology were elevated among patients that were: male (aOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.9–3.9), 40–59 years old (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4–2.7), of Black British/Black other ethnicity (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.8) or had no fixed address (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5–5.5). NNS to detect a new BBV diagnosis was 154 (95% CI: 103–233) and 135 (95% CI: 93–200) to achieve LTC. Conclusions The low NNS suggests routine BBV screening in EDs may be worthwhile. Those considering similar programmes should use our findings to inform their assessments of anticipated public health benefits.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Tuberculosis Patients at Local Community of Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1794-1797
Author(s):  
Khalil Ahmed Memon ◽  
M. Khan ◽  
Sarah Azhar ◽  
Jai Kershan ◽  
Partab Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Key Words Hepatitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
N 93

Objective: To assess the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C among those patients who had tuberculosis in local community of Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design:Survey-based study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & health Sciences Jamshoro from 1stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020. Methodology: Five hundred and eighty nine confirmed cases of tuberculosis patients were enrolled. The patients were further analyzed to assess either HBV, HCV or both are present or absent. Results: Three hundred and forty one (57.8%) were males and 248 (42.1%) were females. The majority of participants were in the age group of 45-54 years 147 (24.9%).The residence detail showed that 167 (28.3%) belonged to urban areas. Further 143 (24.2%) had sickness history of 2-6 months, 239 (40.5%) had history of 6-12 months, The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among tuberculosis patients showed, 17.8% (n=105) with Hepatitis B, 26.3% (n=155) were diagnosed with hepatitis C, 15.7% (n=93) had Both Hepatitis B and C, however 236 (40.0%) had no history with hepatitis. Hepatitis C was most frequently found age of above 54 years, 55 (9.3%). Conclusion:The control of tuberculosis has remained one of the greatest goals globally till date, the higher risk of liver complications, along with the Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Although the complications of Tuberculosis patients remain unsolved yet the possible efforts can be made to identify the earlier problems for the clinical prospective and a complete follow up of the records can optimize the management of Tuberculosis in co-existing conditions of hepatitis B and C. Key Words: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Liver diseases

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C AND THEIR DUAL INFECTIONS: A GREAT PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Sardana Vandana ◽  
Verma Sameer R
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Hbs Antigen ◽  
B Virus

Introduction-Viral hepatitis is one of the major public health concern worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of great concern due to their association with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aims & Objectives-i)To determine the frequency of Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibodies in patients coming to a tertiary care teaching hospital ii)To estimate the occurrence of co-infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus iii) To analyse the risk factors associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and their co-infections. Method- This prospective study included serum samples which were subjected to detection of HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies using rapid immunochromatographic card tests, which were further confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results- Out of total of 12,502 cases, the seropositivity of HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies was found to be 3.6% (452 /12,502) and 6.1% (758 /12,502) respectively. The frequency of co-infection (HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies) was found to be 0.8% (99 /12,502). Male to female ratio for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and co-infection was 2.1:1, 1.6:1and 2.3:1, respectively. The commonest risk factor associated with seropositivity of HBV was intravenous drug use, followed by blood / blood components transfusion. Hepatitis C infection was most commonly seen with blood / blood components transfusion, followed by intravenous drug use. Conclusions: Counseling and health education regarding the safe injection practices, safe sexual practices , screening of blood / blood products and vaccination against HBV are the essential steps to combat viral hepatitis.

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