Effect of peer counselling on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending child welfare clinic in two selected general hospitals in Lagos state, Nigeria

Background: Inadequate nutrition and poor feeding practices of newborn and infants has turn out to be a major public health concern that has negatively affected the lives of many children and as led to the cause of various forms of deficiencies, also the leading cause of death of most children between 1-5years of age. This study determined the effect of peer counselling on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending child welfare clinic in two selected general hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria.Methods: This study adopted a two group pre-test post-test quasi experimental design. Total enumeration was used to select one hundred and seventy-four (174) participants that participated in the study. Data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire while four research questions were tested using descriptive statistics.Results: Findings indicated that the pre-intervention knowledge mean score of participants on the knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding in the control group was 15.43±4.98 (48.2%) and 14.69±5.16 (45.9%) in the experimental group with a mean difference of 0.74. The post-intervention knowledge mean score of participants on the exclusive breastfeeding in the control group was 15.58±4.83 (48.7%) and 28.97±8.31 (90.5%) in the experimental group with a mean difference of 13.39. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a significant improvement in the exclusive breastfeeding rate among mothers due to peer counselling exposure, and the interventions have been effective in increasing knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among mothers. It was recommended that knowledge of peer counselling will influence knowledge, practice and behaviours on exclusive breastfeeding rate among mothers.

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The effects of a hospital-based perinatal breastfeeding program on exclusive breastfeeding in Taiwan: a quasi-experimental study

Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing ◽

10.37464//2020.373.81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ching-Hsueh Yeh ◽

Ya-Pi Ng Yang ◽

Bih-O Lee

Keyword(s):

Hospital Discharge ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: To examine if a perinatal breastfeeding program would improve the exclusive breastfeeding rate at a baby-friendly hospital. Background: The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative have been widely used to improve breastfeeding outcomes worldwide. A hospital-based multi-strategy intervention may provide an opportunity to increase breastfeeding in different countries. Study design and methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design. Data was collected in a Baby Friendly hospital. A total of 60 mother-infant dyads were included. The experimental group took part in the multi-component perinatal breastfeeding program, while the control group received routine care. The multi-strategy program included prenatal breastfeeding education, birth kangaroo mother care (skin-to-skin contact and non-separation practices) at first breastfeed, continuous 24-hour rooming-in, ongoing kangaroo mother care with breastfeeding on cue, and hospital support visits. The exclusive breastfeeding rate was measured at hospital discharge, and one-month postpartum. Results: The mothers who participated in the intervention had a greater exclusive breastfeeding rate at hospital discharge and one month postpartum than those in the control group. In the experimental group, 90% of the infants completed the first feeding within two hours after birth. At discharge, 93.3% of the mothers in the experimental group and 53.3% in the control group were exclusively breastfeeding. At one month postpartum, 83.3% of the mothers in the experimental group and 36.7% in the control group were still exclusively breastfeeding. Discussion: The intervention program used in the current study is different to previous studies. The current intervention not only included prenatal education and postpartum support, but also included birth kangaroo mother care at first breastfeed and ongoing kangaroo mother care with breastfeeding on cue. Breastfeeding should be promoted through perinatal comprehensive clinical and social support starting in the prenatal period and continuing through intrapartal, postpartum, and follow-up periods. Conclusion: This study was the first study to use a hospital-based multi-strategy intervention including the non-separation of mother-infant dyads and other breastfeeding support for mothers in Taiwan. The program was associated with a significant improvement in the exclusive breastfeeding rate at one month postpartum.

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The effects of a hospital-based perinatal breastfeeding program on exclusive breastfeeding in Taiwan: a quasi-experimental study

Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing ◽

10.37464/2020.373.81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ching-Hsueh Yeh ◽

Ya-Pi Ng Yang ◽

Bih-O Lee

Keyword(s):

Hospital Discharge ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Experimental Group

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Evaluation of the impact of breastfeeding support groups in primary health centres in Andalusia, Spain: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (GALMA project)

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09244-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabel Rodríguez-Gallego ◽

Fatima Leon-Larios ◽

Cecilia Ruiz-Ferrón ◽

Maria-de-las-Mercedes Lomas-Campos

Keyword(s):

Support Groups ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Intervention Group ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Primary Health ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Breastfeeding Rates ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background In 2003, the World Health Organization recommended exclusive breastfeeding (EB) during the newborn’s first 6 months of life and, if possible, during the first 2 years. However, EB rates resist these recommendations. In developed countries, only 1 out of 3 babies is breastfed during its first 6 months of life, and great differences between areas and countries can be observed. Only 35% of the newborns receive breastfeeding at 3–4 months of age. There are diverse strategies described in the literature that have proven their efficiency in improving breastfeeding rates. It has also been proven that professional support is an effective tool to extend any kind of breastfeeding; besides, it has been observed that mother-to-mother support also increases breastfeeding initiation, sustainment, and exclusive duration. The overall aim of the study is to assess the impact of the support groups on the sustainment of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months after birth. Methods/design This study is a cluster-random multicentric clinical trial with a control group and an intervention group, without blinding because it is impossible to mask the intervention. A randomization by centres of primary health (clusters) will be carried out. The women allocated to the intervention or control group will be randomized with a simple randomization sampling. The participants’ breastfeeding rate will be followed up at the first 10 days, and at 2, 4, and 6 months of their newborn’s life. Discussion There is a need to assess the impact of mother support groups on exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to analyse the outcomes related to the support received and to identify what should the structure of these groups be; in other words, to describe factors related to a better breastfeeding experience in order to help women increase breastfeeding rates. Trial registration The trial is prospectively recorded at the ISRCTN registry (Trial ID: ISRCTN17263529). Date recorded: 17/06/2020.

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Effect of Additional Rehabilitation After Botulinum Toxin-A on Upper Limb Activity in Chronic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.119.027602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 556-562

Author(s):

Natasha A. Lannin ◽

Louise Ada ◽

Coralie English ◽

Julie Ratcliffe ◽

Steven G. Faux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Goal Attainment ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

Toxin A ◽

Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽

Experimental Group

Background and Purpose— The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of additional upper limb rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A for upper limb activity in chronic stroke. Methods— We conducted a multicenter phase III randomized trial with concealed allocation, blinded measurement, and intention-to-treat analysis. One hundred forty stroke survivors who were scheduled to receive botulinum toxin-A in any muscle(s) that cross the wrist because of moderate to severe spasticity after a stroke >3 months ago, who had completed formal rehabilitation and had no significant cognitive impairment. Experimental group received botulinum toxin-A plus evidence-based movement training while the control group received botulinum toxin-A plus a handout of exercises. Primary outcomes were goal attainment (Goal Attainment Scaling) and upper limb activity (Box and Block Test) at 3 months (end of intervention). Secondary outcomes were spasticity, range of motion, strength, pain, burden of care, and health-related quality of life. Results— In terms of goal attainment, the experimental group scored the same (mean difference, 2 T-score [95% CI, −2 to 7]) as the control group on the Goal Attainment Scale. In terms of upper limb activity, by 3 months the experimental group moved blocks at the same speed (mean difference, 0.00 blocks/s [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.01]) as the control group on the Box and Block Test. There were no differences between groups on any secondary outcome except strength, in favor of the experimental group (mean difference, 1.4 kg [95% CI, 0.2–2.7]). Conclusions— Findings suggest that additional intensive upper limb rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A in chronic stroke survivors with a disabled upper limb is not effective. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: ACTRN12615000616572.

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Effectiveness of Hold Relax Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/14.4.80 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1919-1923

Author(s):

Mohammad Miraj

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Knee Replacement ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

Bilateral Knee ◽

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽

Total Knee ◽

Experimental Group

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a popular flexibility training, which involves stretching and contraction of the target muscle group. PNF stretching is effective among athletes for improving passive range of motion, flexibility, and performance. Patients who undergo total knee replacement surgeries exhibit pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, muscle weakness, and stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the hold relax PNF technique to improve the balance and muscle strength in subjects with a bilateral knee replacement. Sixty four patients were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The patients were allocated into two groups by random allocation. The experimental group A (n=32) received the Hold Relax PNF technique with conventional treatment whereas, the control group B (n=32) received only conventional treatment as a part of the Home Exercise Program (HEP). Outcome measures used for evaluation included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) Score for measuring pain, muscle strength, and balance respectively. Students t-test showed significant differences between variables mean scores from two groups after three weeks of intervention. There was a statistical significant (t(32) = 2.38, p = 0.02) change in the mean scores of VAS in the experimental group (mean difference pre-post=3.19) as compared to control group ( mean difference pre -post=3.19) with Cohen’s d = 2.744588. Similarly for MMT(t(32) = 0.415, p = 0.005) and BBS scores (t(32) = 2.628, p = 0.035). The result of the study suggests that the Hold Relax PNF technique is more effective than conventional treatment alone in decreasing pain as well as increasing balance and muscle strength in bilateral knee replacement patients.

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Effect of Using Scientific Stations Strategy in Developing Deductive Thinking of Intermediate School Students in General Sciences

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education ◽

10.9756/int-jecse/v12i2.201054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 35-48

Author(s):

Heba Mohammed Saleh Al-Hafidh

Keyword(s):

Statistical Processing ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

Intermediate School ◽

School Students ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Experimental Group

The study aimed to know the effect of using the Scientific stations strategy in developing Deductive thinking of intermediate school students in the science subject. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher used experimental design with two equal groups, the research sample consisted of (65) intermediate-grade students in Al Nidhal school for boys represented by (30) students of the experimental group and (35) students for the control group, the researcher equivalence of the two research groups with a set of variables including (Intelligence, parents ’educational level, previous achievement, age calculated by months and pre-test for Deductive thinking), to verify the research aim the researcher put the two hypotheses as following : 1- There is no statistical significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the scores mean of the members of the experimental group and the members of the control group in the post test of Deductive thinking. 2- There is no statistical significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean difference between the (pre and post) tests of both experimental and control groups in the Deductive thinking test. To verify the research hypotheses, the researcher prepared a test for Deductive thinking consisting of (20) items the researcher applied the test of Deductive thinking, collected the data, and tabulated it in tables for statistical processing and the results indicated: 1- There is a statistical significant difference between the scores mean of students in both groups in the Deductive thinking test and in favor of the experimental group. 2- There is a statistical significant difference between the mean difference between the two tests (pre - post) and in favor of the experimental group.

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Effects of a Breastfeeding Support Program on the Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Growth in Late Preterm Infants

Child Health Nursing Research ◽

10.4094/chnr.2020.26.1.90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 90-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gun Ja Jang ◽

Yeon Ran Hong

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Support Program ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Control Group ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Late Preterm Infants ◽

Feeding Type ◽

Experimental Group

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a breastfeeding support program (BSP) on the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and growth in late-preterm infants.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. The participants were 40 late preterm infants (LPIs), of whom 20 were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. For the mothers in the experimental group, a BSP was provided prior to the LPIs’ discharge and reinforced once a week for 4 weeks. Information on the feeding type was collected by observation and the LPIs’ body weight was measured.Results: There were significant differences in feeding type by group and time. Exclusive breastfeeding was 5.18 times more common in the experimental group than in the control group (odds ratio=5.18, 95% confidence interval=1.11~16.70). However, weekly weight gain did not show a significant relationship with group and time (F=0.40, <i>p</i>=.712).Conclusion: The BSP was helpful for increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in LPIs. Furthermore, the LPIs in the experimental group, which had a higher likelihood of being exclusively breastfed, showed an equivalent amount of weight gain as the LPIs in the control group, in which infants were more likely to be formula-fed.

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Effectiveness of WeChat for Improving Exclusive Breastfeeding in Huzhu County China: Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/23273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. e23273

Author(s):

Qiong Wu ◽

Yiwen Huang ◽

Zijun Liao ◽

Michelle Helena van Velthoven ◽

Wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Mobile Technologies ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Significant Difference

Background The benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers have been well recognized. However, the exclusive breastfeeding rate in China is low and decreasing. Mobile technologies have rapidly developed; communication apps such as WeChat (one of the largest social networking platforms in China) are widely used and have the potential to conveniently improve health behaviors. Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using WeChat to improve breastfeeding practices. Methods This 2-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among pregnant women from May 2019 to April 2020 in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, China. Pregnant women were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or older, were 11 to 37 weeks pregnant with a singleton fetus, had no known illness that could limit breastfeeding after childbirth, used WeChat through their smartphone, and had access to the internet. A total of 344 pregnant women were recruited at baseline, with 170 in the intervention group and 174 in the control group. Women in the intervention group received breastfeeding knowledge and promotion information weekly through a WeChat official account from their third month of pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. The primary outcome of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding rate was measured 0-1 month, 2-3 months, and 4-5 months postpartum. Results At 0-1 month postpartum, the exclusive breastfeeding rate was significantly higher in the intervention group than that in the control group (81.1% vs 63.3%; odds ratio [OR] 2.75, 95% CI 1.58-4.78; P<.001). Similarly, mothers in the intervention group were more likely to provide predominantly breast milk (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.55-4.96; P<.001) and less likely to give dairy products to their children (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21-0.75; P=.005). There was no statistically significant difference for exclusive breastfeeding rate 2-3 months (P=.09) and 4-5 months postpartum (P=.27), though more children in the intervention group were exclusively breastfed than those in the control group 2-3 months postpartum (intervention: 111/152, 73.0%; control: 96/152, 63.2%) and 4-5 months postpartum(intervention: 50/108, 46.3%; control: 46/109, 42.2%). Conclusions This study is the first effort to promote exclusive breastfeeding through WeChat in China, which proved to be an effective method of promoting exclusive breastfeeding in early life. WeChat health education can be used in addition to local breastfeeding promotion programs. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800017364; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=29325 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12889-019-7676-2

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Redefining the Neck: A Retrospective Review Utilizing Hyoid Suspension

The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery ◽

10.1177/0748806818791940 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 198-204

Author(s):

Sami A. Nizam ◽

Rhys Branman

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Biomechanical Testing ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Hyoid Suspension ◽

The Mean ◽

Experimental Group

Neck contouring is one of the most frequent reasons patients seek cervicofacial rhytidectomy. But what makes for aesthetically pleasing youthful neck? Ellenbogen and Karlin described 5 criteria in their 1980 landmark publication, including having a cervicomental angle between 105° and 120° and a visible subhyoid depression. Recent advances in neck anatomy have revealed the existence of ligamentous like structures attaching the skin and platysma to the hyoid. These have been termed the hyoplatysmal ligament (HPL) and cervicomental suspensory angle ligament by different authors. This study was undertaken to determine whether surgically reestablishing the above structures utilizing a hyoid suspension technique resulted in statistically significant changes in cervicomental contour. A retrospective chart review was performed from January 2014 to present. After December 2016, the second author began utilizing a hyoid suspension technique where the inter- and subplatysmal fat was resected and the HPL was reestablished surgically (hyoid suspension). Cases before this date served as controls if a similar neck manipulation was performed without reestablishing the HPL. In total, 104 charts were queried, of which, 21 charts fit inclusion criteria to serve as controls and 20 as the experimental group. Before and after profile pictures were then compared for differences in cervicomental angle utilizing commercially available imaging software (Canfield Mirror, Parsippany, New Jersey). An unpaired Student t test was then performed to determine whether this 2 groups differed significantly utilizing a P value of .05 to denote statistical significance. The mean difference between pre- and postoperative cervicomental angle for the control group was 17.38° with a standard deviation of 8.05°. The mean difference between pre and postoperative cervicomental angle for the experimental group was 28.75° with a standard deviation of 15.52°. The resulting 11.37° difference in cervicomental angle between the 2 groups was found to be statistically significant with a P value of .0051. Our cosmetic surgical and anatomical knowledge continues to progress. Brant first described a ligamentous structure that attaches the platysma to the hyoid. Through biomechanical testing, he noted this ligament to be one of the weakest in the face and neck. Thereafter, in 2016 Yousif et al and Le Lourn separately described similar procedures to attach the platysma to the hyoid, in effect reestablishing this ligament. Utilizing one simple surgical maneuver, the hyoid suspension reestablishes the HPL. This surgically creates an acute cervicomental angle, resulting in less platysmal displacement postoperatively, with virtually no addition to surgical time or morbidity.

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WeChat-based intervention to support breastfeeding for Chinese mothers: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making ◽

10.1186/s12911-020-01322-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Tang ◽

Andy H. Lee ◽

Colin W. Binns ◽

Lian Duan ◽

Yi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Worst Case ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Breastfeeding Rates ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is the optimal way to feed infants. However, recent studies suggest that exclusive breastfeeding rates in China remain low and are well below the recommended target. There has been evidence that a lack of awareness of, or exposure to, breastfeeding information is associated with poor breastfeeding practices. WeChat, the most widely used social networking platform in China, has shown some potential to promote health behaviours. We thus hypothesised that a breastfeeding intervention program delivered via WeChat would achieve at least a 10% increase in exclusive breastfeeding prevalence at 6 months compared to the control group. Methods A two-arm, parallel, multicentre randomised controlled trial of 1000 pregnant women will be conducted at four maternity hospitals of Chengdu, China. Eligible women who consent to participate in the trial will be recruited at 28–30 weeks of gestation, and randomly allocated to either the intervention group (participants receive breastfeeding-related information from WeChat) or the control group (participants receive non-breastfeeding information from WeChat) using a central randomisation system on a 1:1 ratio at each participating site. The primary outcomes are exclusive breastfeeding rate and full breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum. All randomised participants will be included in the outcome analyses with missing data being imputed based on the best-case and worst-case scenarios. Multilevel mixed regression models will be used in the primary analyses to assess the effectiveness of intervention program on the breastfeeding rates. Discussion This trial uses the most widely used social media program as a means of delivering messages to mothers to increase exclusive breastfeeding in China. Increasing exclusive breastfeeding will contribute to meeting the health and environmental goals of the Sustainable Development Guidelines. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04499404. Registered 5 August 2020—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04499404

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