scholarly journals Clinical study of prevalence of malignancy in nodular thyroid swelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Balaji Chittipotula ◽  
Rajat Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Swelling ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid

Background: Large proportion of thyroid cancers arose from a pre-existing adenoma or from multinodular goiters. Surgical practice of removing thyroid nodule or multiple nodules of thyroid gland has been challenged for surgeons to prevent cancer. Aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule and multi-nodular goitre in relation to age and sex. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of malignancy in patients who underwent thyroidectomies.Methods: Study of 100 cases of nodular thyroid swelling has been done during the period from November 2017 to November 2019 on inpatients admitted to GEMS Hospital, Srikakulam, and Andhra Pradesh, India. Detail clinical examination, relevant investigations, surgical management and histopathological reports were collected and analyzed using software package for statistical analysis (SPSS 20).Results: Out of 100 patients with thyroid swellings, thyroid malignancies constitute 4%. The occurrence of thyroid cancer was maximum in the 4th decade of life. Female patients outnumbered males with a ratio of 4:0. Relative frequency of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule was 4.76% and in multi-nodular goitre was 3.03%. Most common histopathological type was papillary carcinoma thyroid (50%); followed by follicular carcinoma thyroid (25%) and medullary carcinoma (25%).Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid malignancy in the present study is at an earlier age group due to early diagnosis and treatment. The prevalence of thyroid cancer is higher in female when compared to those reported in the literature.  The proportion of medullary cancer is more in present study. 

scholarly journals A prospective observational study on thyroid malignancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Bharath S. V. ◽  
Badareesh Lakshminarayana ◽  
Rishabh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies ◽  
Success Of Treatment

Background: Thyroid cancers are a complex group of tumours with wide variety of histological presentation and biological behaviour, and prognosis range. In their early stages, they behave like other benign conditions of the thyroid. The success of treatment lies upon early diagnosis and proper management. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the modes of presentation, the incidence of various pathological types, and assess their clinical, behaviour and surgical management.Methods: The present study is observational, time-bound, consists of patients prospectively and consecutively diagnosed and histologically confirmed thyroid malignancy.Results: This study showed females 80.66% are commonly affected than males 19.44%. The most frequent malignancy is papillary 86.11%, followed by follicular carcinoma 11.11%, medullary carcinoma 2.78%. Cervical lymph nodes are involved in four 13.88% of patients. In patients undergone iodine ablation, 5.56% of them had a recurrence. Mortality at two years was 2.7%. In this study, Thyroid cancer is commonly seen between twenty-one to thirty years.Conclusions: The incidence of thyroid malignancies is more common among women (80.66%) than men. Papillary carcinoma (86.11%) is the common differentiated thyroid cancer. The prevalence of distant metastasis is 2.78% to the vertebral body. In our study, 41.66% of patients belongs to less than 30 years of age; this may be due to the trend of overdiagnosis due to the introduction of ultrasonography guided Fine needle aspiration study.

scholarly journals Risk of Thyroid Malignancy in Non-Toxic Multi-nodular Goitre: Experience in Rajshahi

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
MM Sarker ◽  
MK Sarker ◽  
NA Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyroid Swelling ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies

Non-Toxic multi-nodular goitre is one of the common presentations of various thyroid diseases. A sizable portion of multi-nodular goitre turns into malignancy over time. This cross-sectional study was conducted in RMCH and different clinics of Rajshahi City to determine the incidence and types of various thyroid malignancies in non-toxic multi-nodular goitres. Among the total cases, 43% of the patients were in the age group of 31-40 years and majority (81%) of whom were female. 52% of the patients had a history of thyroid swelling for 1-5 years and 55% of the patients had goitre size ≤ 15 cm2. Sub-total thyroidectomy was the commonest operation performed and all the resected specimens were sent for histopathological examinations, which demonstrates that 13% of the multi-nodular goitres had malignancies with papillary and follicular carcinoma ratio 5:1. This study did not reveal any significant association of malignancies with age and sex and goitre size also not influence the presence of malignancy. However, it was observed that the mean duration of thyroid swelling in patients who developed malignancy was significantly higher (8.6 years) than that of patients who did not experience any malignant change (5.7 years).TAJ 2016; 29(2): 16-20

scholarly journals Mixed Medullary – Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid: An Uncommon Variant of Thyroid Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjula Jain ◽  
Deepti Verma ◽  
Shaji Thomas ◽  
Richa Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lymph Node Excision ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Swelling ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies

ABSTRACTMixed medullary-papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, a variant of medullary carcinoma is a rare thyroid malignancy accounting for less than 1% of the thyroid malignancies. We are presenting a case of 57-year-old lady with complaints of gradually increasing thyroid swelling for 1½ months. Fine-needle aspiration was suggestive of medullary carcinoma. Serum calcitonin levels were elevated. The patient underwent total thyoidectomy with regional cervical lymph node excision. Histopathologically, the diagnosis of mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma of the thyroid was made. It is important to know about this entity due to its prognostic implications and to prevent any diagnostic dilemmas.

scholarly journals Clinico pathological aspects of solitary thyroid nodule: a hospital based prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1852
Author(s):  
S. Rajendran ◽  
K. R. Manoj Prabu
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Solitary Nodule ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Swelling

Background: Nodular goitre is a common endocrine problem in the world today. Solitary thyroid nodule is defined as the presence of a palpable nodule in the otherwise normal thyroid gland. Solitary nodules are one of the most frequent presentations of thyroid disorder. The aim of this study was to study the incidence and other clinical parameters of solitary thyroid nodules and to correlate between clinical diagnosis and histopathological examination of solitary nodule thyroid.Methods: A prospective study was done in patients with solitary thyroid swelling, after taking a detailed history, were examined clinically and confirmed with FNAC and underwent thyroid surgery were included in this study. The histopathological reports were evaluated and correlated with clinical diagnosis by standard statistical methods.Results: Majority of the patients were between 21-30 years of age. Female:male ratio was about 11.5:1. Swelling in front of the neck was the most common presentation. Most common solitary thyroid swelling was the colloid goitre. Commonest surgery performed was hemithyroidectomy.Conclusions: The majority of the solitary nodule of the thyroid was found to be benign, and this illustrates that hemithyroidectomy is the preferred surgery unless malignancy is suspected by fine needle aspiration cytology.

scholarly journals Esophageal Metastasis from Carcinoma Thyroid

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Arvind Krishnamurthy ◽  
KT Siddappa ◽  
Shirley Sundersingh ◽  
Satish Srinivas ◽  
Krishna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid ◽  
Esophageal Metastasis ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid

Abstract The incidence of hematogenous spread at the time of presentation of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is the range of 4 to 15%. Distant metastases in the most common cause of death from well-differentiated thyroid cancers. About 5% of papillary carcinoma and 25% of follicular carcinoma develop distant metastases. Distant metastases occur largely in the lungs and to a lesser extent in the bones, brain and soft tissues. We report and discuss the management of an elderly gentleman with papillary carcinoma thyroid metastatic to the esophagus on follow-up. Only one similar published report is described which was from a follicular carcinoma thyroid. Our case of a papillary carcinoma thyroid metastatic to the esophagus seems to be the first if its kind.

scholarly journals Follicular carcinoma thyroid presenting as skull metastasis: a rare case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Manju P. Antony ◽  
Meer M. Chisthi ◽  
Tessy P. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Lytic Lesion ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Papillary Cancer ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Thyroid Swelling ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Follicular cancer is the second commonest form of differentiated thyroid malignancy. Unlike papillary cancer which has a predilection for lymph node metastases, it spreads more often by the hematological route. Even when they have spread to various organs, differentiated thyroid cancers have excellent prognosis if they can be resected completely. One of the presentation of metastases from follicular cancer is with pulsatile skull metastases. Here, we are reporting the clinical details of an elderly lady who presented with a swelling in the skull of 1 month duration. She had an otherwise asymptomatic thyroid swelling of 18 years duration also. Radiology revealed a lytic lesion on the skull. Cytological confirmation was done to diagnose follicular cancer with skull bone metastasis. After total thyroidectomy surgery, she was sent for radio-active iodine ablation and levothyroxine suppression. We are presenting this case as it is not a common form of presentation of this disease.</span></p>

Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambrogio S. Fassina ◽  
Maurizio Rupolo ◽  
Maria Rosa Pelizzo ◽  
Dario Casara
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio

Aims and background It was the aim of this paper to report clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcome of treatment in terms of relapse-free and overall survival in 36 patients under 20 years of age and treated for thyroid cancer at Padua University Hospital from January 1968 to December 1988 and followed until December 1992. Methods The median follow-up was 112 months (range 3 to 228 months). Age at diagnosis ranged from 4 to 20 years with a mean age of 15 years and a male/female ratio of 1:2.9. A thyroid nodule or a laterocervical mass was the most frequent sign of presentation. The routine diagnosis schedule included thyroid scintigram, neck echotomography and in the last decade fine needle aspiration biopsy. Results Sixteen (28%) patients had a family history of thyroid disease. Histology revealed that papillary carcinoma was present in 43 patients (76.8%), follicular carcinoma in 9 (16%), medullary carcinoma in 2 (3.6%) and lymphoma in 2 (3.6%). Fifty-four patients were treated with total thyroidectomy, of these 34 had bilateral neck dissection and 20 unilateral nodal dissection; 2 patients underwent simple lobectomy with unilateral dissection. Nodal involvement was present in 41 (73%) cases, and synchronous visceral metastases were detected with scan and/or chest X-ray in 10 (18%) cases. In the case of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, patients with residual disease or thyroid remnants were treated with 131I metabolic therapy. All patients were put on suppressive hormone therapy. At this writing, 52 (93%) patients were in complete remission and 4 (7%) had persistent disease. Recurrences developed in 2 (3.5%) patients: one presented lung metachronus metastases and one local recurrence; no deaths have occurred. Conclusions From this experience, total thyroidectomy appears to be the appropriate approach for differentiated tumors in children and adolescents because the disease is often diffuse, secondary deposits may be easily detected, and the value of thyroglobulin measurement can be improved. Following this strategy, overall recurrence risk was low and 131I therapy was curative in patients with nodal and lung metastases.

scholarly journals Medullary Thyroid Cancer

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Michael G. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Central Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Familial Tumors ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies

Background Medullary thyroid cancer, a tumor of the parafollicular C cells, accounts for approximately 10% of all thyroid malignancies. An estimated 75% of cases are sporadic, and the remaining 25% are familial. Methods The author reviews the clinical features and diagnostic tests for this entity, as well as the surgical treatment of recurrent or persistent medullary carcinoma. Results Sporadic medullary thyroid cancer typically presents as an isolated unilateral mass. Familial tumors tend to be multifocal and bilateral. In patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, pheochromocytomas and parathyroid hyperplasia also may develop. Care is taken to avoid operating on a patient with occult pheochromocytoma. Total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection are the keys for successful surgical treatment. Conclusions Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Genetic testing using the ret oncogene allows identification of individuals who are at risk for the disease or those with early-stage disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule by clinical presentation, fine needle aspiration cytology and thyroid scan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hillu Surriah ◽  
Amine Mohammed Bakkour ◽  
Riad Rahman Jallod Al-Asadi ◽  
Laith Qauis Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Thyroid Scan ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule

Background: The solitary thyroid nodule, defined as a palpable discrete swelling within an otherwise apparently normal gland, is usually a benign lesion. However, patients and physicians alike are typically concerned about the possibility of thyroid cancer. This study describes a strategy for the treatment of clinically euthyroid patients who have a solitary thyroid nodule that prevents unnecessary testing while identifying the few patients who require therapy.Methods: This is a prospective study of randomly selected patients with clinically palpable, solitary thyroid nodule diagnosed and treated at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital from September 2015 till December 2018. Initially 176 patients were diagnosed by clinical examination to have solitary thyroid nodule but after investigation and operative finding, 42 patients were found to have multinodular goiter and all excluded from the study.Results: All the 134 patients included in the study (21 males and 113 females) have been evaluated by clinical examination; thyroid scan and fine needle aspiration, ultrasound and the results of the evaluation have been correlated with operative histologic diagnosis. The study was undertaken to obtain information on the usefulness of the above measures for predicting or ruling out malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule.Conclusions: The incidence of malignancy seems to be higher among male, presented with hard nodule at palpation, those associated with hoarseness or palpable cervical lymph nodes. A cytological diagnosis of malignant tumor is reliable and provides sufficient basis of definitive surgery for thyroid cancer.

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