scholarly journals A study on clinical analysis and surgical outcomes of occipital encephalocele in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Harisinh V. Parmar ◽  
Nilay S. Adhvaryu ◽  
Jaimin K. Shah ◽  
Bhargav Trivedi ◽  
Milap Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Occipital Encephalocele ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Poor Neurological Outcome ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan

Background: Occipital encephalocele is the commonest of encephalocele involving protrusion of meningeal and neural structures through the occipital bone defects. It is a congenital anomaly with varied presentation and can include only meninges to the cerebellum, medulla, venous sinus and brainstem structure.Methods: Study was done at civil hospital Ahmedabad from January 2017 to January 2020 occipital encephalocele patients were operated at the department of neurosurgery. The patients were evaluated by computed tomography scan of the brain, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. The operated cases were reviewed and relevant data such as age, sex, location of encephalocele, the size of the lesion, operative method, seizure and hydrocephalus along with postoperative complications were recorded for analysis.Results: In our study, we have better results in contrast to literature may be due to absence of hydrocephalus, other anomalies of brain, seizure disorder and lack of functional brain tissue within the sac as these factors has been associated with poor neurological outcome. Out of 35 operated, 2 patients expired of which 1 patient had other complication at presentation and other one had had developed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage with ventriculitis.Conclusions: Repair of encephaloceles should be ideally done in the postnatal period to minimize risks of ulceration and trauma to the lesion with subsequent meningitis. We can conclude that folic acid supplementation should be strongly emphasized in health centres to reduce these neural tube defects as none of the patients in our study has taken.

scholarly journals Basal ganglia lesions in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelson James Almeida ◽  
Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki ◽  
Maria Irma Seixas Duarte ◽  
Carlos Augusto Gonçalves Pasqualucci ◽  
Sérgio Rosemberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Etiological Diagnosis ◽  
Basal Ganglia Involvement ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The parieto-occipital region of the brain is the most frequently and severely affected in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The basal ganglia, cerebellum and corpus callosum are less commonly involved. We describe a patient with SSPE confirmed by neuropathology based on brain magnetic resonance imaging showing extensive basal ganglia involvement and no significant involvement of other cortical structures. Though rarely described in SSPE, clinicians should be aware of this involvement. SSPE should be kept in mind when changes in basal ganglia signal are seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging with or without involvement of other regions of the human brain to avoid erroneous etiological diagnosis of other pathologies causing rapidly progressive dementia.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging in tyrosinemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sener
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Status Spongiosus ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Delayed Myelination

A 3.5-year-old girl with tyrosinemia is reported. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed multiple hepatic nodules. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral high-signal changes confined to the globus pallidus on T2-weighted images. Globus pallidus lesions likely represented neuropathologic changes such as astocytosis, delayed myelination, and status spongiosus (myelin splitting and vacuolation).

Occurrence of acute large and edematous callosal lesions in neuromyelitis optica

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nakamura ◽  
T Misu ◽  
K Fujihara ◽  
I Miyazawa ◽  
I Nakashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Lower Margin ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Extensive Transverse Myelitis

Background The corpus callosum is commonly involved in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the characteristics of callosal lesions in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are unknown. Objective To reveal the features of callosal lesions in NMO in comparison to MS. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and the brain magnetic resonance imaging films of 56 patients with MS and 22 patients with NMO. Results In MS, 36 (64.3%) of 56 patients had callosal lesions, but only four patients had acute lesions. All such acute lesions were small, isolated and non-edematous, and the intensity was homotonic. Chronic lesions were observed in 34 patients with MS, and 32 (94%) of them presented small lesions located at the callosal lower margin (“hemi-oval pattern”). Meanwhile, four (18.2%) patients with NMO had callosal lesions, and three of them had acute lesions. Those acute lesions were multiple, large edematous ones with heterogeneous intensity (“marbled pattern”). In the chronic stage, the lesions shrank or disappeared. Conclusions Acute large, edematous callosal lesions occasionally occur in NMO. Similar to longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, such callosal lesions may reflect severe edematous inflammation in NMO, and may provide additional evidence that the pathogenesis in NMO is different from that in MS.

scholarly journals Intra cranial hydatid cyst: A case report of total cyst extirpation and review of surgical technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S125-S128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Umerani ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Salman Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intracranial Hydatid Cyst ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan

ABSTRACTHydatid cysts commonly affect liver and lung but it can also affect the brain in rare cases. We report a case of 22 year female with history of headache for one and half years. Intracranial hydatid cyst was diagnosed on computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. The cyst was delivered without rupture using hydrostatic dissection followed by post‑operative anthelminthic medication. Surgery remains to be the standard management. Amongst the surgical techniques described, Dowling’s technique is the most acceptable. However, care must be taken in to avoid rupture of the cyst peroperatively which can result in subsequent complications and recurrence. Albendazole and corticosteroids can be used as adjunct to surgical treatment in selective cases.

Psychosis as presenting symptom in adult-onset Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Panas ◽  
Konstantinos Spengos ◽  
Georgios Koutsis ◽  
Georgios Tsivgoulis ◽  
Konstantinos Sfagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Extrapyramidal Signs ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background:Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is characterized by pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, and dysarthria and dementia. Psychiatric symptomatology can emerge in the course of the disorder. Mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene have been found in many cases. We report a case with psychosis as sole presenting symptom.Case:A 41-year-old man presented with change in behavior and paranoid delusional ideation. Six months later, spasticity, extrapyramidal rigidity and dysarthria were added to the picture. Eventually, the patient became mute and wheel-chair bound. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with iron depositions in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra.Conclusions:In this case, the combination of clinical and MRI findings was consistent with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. The combination of psychiatric and MRI findings should lead to further neurological investigation.

Hypotension and Brain Injury in Asphyxiated Newborns Treated with Hypothermia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Al Balushi ◽  
Stephanie Barbosa Vargas ◽  
Julie Maluorni ◽  
Priscille-Nice Sanon ◽  
Emmanouil Rampakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Objective This study aimed to assess the incidence of hypotension in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia, the variability in treatments for hypotension, and the impact of hypotension on the pattern of brain injury. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia. Mean blood pressures, lactate levels, and inotropic support medications were recorded during the hospitalization. Presence and severity of brain injury were scored using the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained after the hypothermia treatment was completed. Results One hundred and ninety term asphyxiated newborns were treated with hypothermia. Eighty-one percent developed hypotension. Fifty-five percent of the newborns in the hypotensive group developed brain injury compared with 35% of the newborns in the normotensive group (p = 0.04). Twenty-nine percent of the newborns in the hypotensive group developed severe brain injury, compared with only 15% in the normotensive group. Nineteen percent of the newborns presenting with volume- and/or catecholamine-resistant hypotension had near-total injury, compared with 6% in the normotensive group and 8% in the group responding to volume and/or catecholamines. Conclusion Hypotension was common in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia and was associated with an increased risk of (severe) brain injury in these newborns.

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