Clinico-epidemiological profile of nutritional anaemia and its impact on developmental outcome in children aged 6 months to 5 years

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem and is a significant contributor to the global health disease. Young children are more vulnerable to the effects of anemia since it retards the physical and mental growth and development. Objective of this study was clinico-epidemiological profile of nutritional anemia and its impact on developmental outcome in children aged 6 months to 5 years.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study. A total of 100 patients with hemoglobin <11g/dl admitted in our hospital were included in the study. Detailed clinical history with developmental assessment was elicited and thorough clinical examination was performed. Complete haemogram with Peripheral smears of these patients were examined. Bone marrow examination was done where ever possible.Results: Maximum numbers of the patients were in the range of 3 to 4 year. Proportions of anemia in males were 68% when compared to females (32%). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was the most common in males. The correlation between anemia and developmental delay was 7.9% in iron deficiency anemia and 87.5% in megaloblastic anemia (MBA) which was highly significantt.Conclusions: Anemia poses a biggest challenge in the improvement of primary health care particularly in young children since it is associated with delay in psychomotor development and increased morbidity and mortality. Initial screening and subsequent diagnostic tests enable early diagnosis and appropriate management.

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Clinical and biochemical outcome in pediatric patients with iron deficiency anemia

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 2146

Author(s):

Archana N. Shah ◽

Jaini S. Kothari ◽

Dhara P. Desai ◽

Tushar Savaliya ◽

Rajal B. Prajapati

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Age Group ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Packed Red Blood Cells ◽

Moderate Anemia

Background: Iron deficiency is a global public health problem with unique cultural, dietary and infectious hurdles that are difficult to overcome. Aims and objectives were to study clinical and biochemical profile of iron deficiency anemia, risk factors for iron deficiency anemia, presenting illnesses associated with iron deficiency anemia, association of other nutritional deficiency with iron deficiency anemia, treatment of iron deficiency anemia and recovery rate.Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study is conducted between June 2017 to May 2019in a tertiary care institute Gujarat state of India. All the children in the age group of 6 months to 5 years admitted in paediatric ward with anaemia were included in study. Data collection was done using a pretested questionnaire including socio-demographic factors. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences and excel and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of anemia is 62.31% in patients admitted during study period. Mild to moderate anemia is observed in 75% patients. In present study, 62% patients are in age group of 6 months to 2 years and 38% patients are >2 years to 5 years. Patients with dimorphic anemia have initial mean serum B12 level 31.36 ng/ml, which improved after treatment to 312.98 ng/ml falling in the range of normalcy.Conclusion: Though anemia is common, most patients are stable and present with mild to moderate anemia. Only a fraction of patients presenting with congestive cardiac failure require packed red blood cells transfusion. Oral iron therapy for three months is the mainstay of treatment for iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin B12 therapy is also needed in patients with dimorphic anemia.

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CLINICAL EXPERIENCE IN USING COMBINED FERROTHERAPY WITH L-CARNITINE IN STANDARD TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION WITH CONCOMITANT IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

World Science ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31102019/6718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (10(50)) ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Valeriy P Ivanov ◽

Mariіa O Kolesnyk ◽

Oleg N Kolesnуk

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Left Ventricle ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Global Public Health

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a global public health problem. Despite all the technical advances available in modern cardiology, a medical strategy for the treatment of CHF has been and remains the main focus of therapeutic intervention. А particular problem is the treatment of CHF with concomitant pathology. The modern pharmacological strategy for the treatment of patients with CHF and iron deficiency anemia, except iron preparations, must take into account the use of agents that have antihypoxic, antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects, and at the same time regulatory effect on the metabolism of physiologically active compounds to improve the condition of patients. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of iron deficiency anemia’s correction, identify and compare the effect of oral ferrotherapy and combined use of ferrotherapy with L-carnitine on clinical and instrumental parameters of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction of left ventricle as possible variants of additional therapy to standard treatment.

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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in the Northern and Southern Provinces of Rwanda

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572117723134 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 554-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Moira Donahue Angel ◽

Peter Berti ◽

Kendra Siekmans ◽

Pierrot Lundimu Tugirimana ◽

Erick Boy

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Young Children ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽

The North ◽

Cluster Randomized ◽

Reproductive Aged Women ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia remains a public health problem in Rwanda, affecting 38% of young children and 17% of reproductive-aged women (Demographic and Health Survey [DHS] 2010). The importance of iron deficiency (ID) as a cause of anemia in Rwanda is not known. Objective: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among young children and women in 2 provinces of Rwanda. Methods: We conducted a cluster randomized survey, selecting 408 rural households each in the Northern and Southern Provinces of Rwanda in 2010. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <110 g/L in children and <120 g/L in nonpregnant women after correction for altitude. We defined ID as (1) serum transferrin receptor (TfR) >8.3 mg/L or (2) serum ferritin (SF) <12 μg/L in children and <15 μg/L in nonpregnant women after correction for inflammation. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 30.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.4-35.8) in children (n = 577) and 11.2% (95% CI, 8.4-14.7) in women (n = 595). The prevalence of ID in children was 3.1% (95% CI, 1.8-5.1) as defined by high TfR and 5.9% (95% CI, 4.0-8.4) as defined by low SF. Similarly, 3.0% (95% CI, 1.8-4.8) of women had high TfR and 4.8% (95% CI, 3.2-7.2) had low SF. The prevalence of IDA (low SF with concurrent anemia) ranged from 1.4% (95% CI, 0.5-3.6) among women in the North to 5.6% (95% CI, 3.1-10.0) among children in the South. Conclusions: ID is likely not an important contributor to anemia in the Northern and Southern Provinces of Rwanda. This finding warrants further investigation into other causes of anemia.

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Iron deficiency anemia among children: Addressing a global public health problem within a Canadian context

Paediatrics & Child Health ◽

10.1093/pch/10.10.597 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 597-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Anna Christofides ◽

Claudia Schauer ◽

Stanley H Zlotkin

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Canadian Context ◽

Global Public Health Problem

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Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in under five-year-old children in children’s hospital

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 499

Author(s):

Kanchana . ◽

Madhusudan Sr. ◽

Sam Ahuja ◽

Niranjan Nagaraj

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Global Public Health

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. This study is conducted to assess the proportion of children, aged between 6 months to 5 years having anemia and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among selected children with anemia. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 children between the age of 6 months to 5 years, who were admitted (in patients) to the Department of Pediatrics of Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, were selected and screened for anemia by hemoglobin estimation. This study was carried out from November 2012 to April 2014. Among those children with hemoglobin <11 g/dl, were screened for iron deficiency anemia (Serum ferritin estimation is done). Among these 500 children, 100 children with a hemoglobin level of 11 gm/dl and serum ferritin <12 μg/L were taken up for detailed study. All the collected data was tabulated and statically analysed by using appropriate methods Results: 77.8% of screened children were found to have anemia. In studied children 38% had mild anemia, 54% had moderate anemia and 8% had severe anemia. Male outnumbered than female in the ratio of 1.17:1. More than 50% presented with acute gastroenteritis.79% of anemic children had malnutrition. 24% of anemic children were low birth weight. Dimorphic anemia was common in 6months to 5 years age group. Mean hemoglobin level was 9.26. Mean ferritin, mean serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation was 7.23 μg/l, 52.60μg/dl, 346.89mg/dl and 16.31% respectively Conclusions: The diet deficient in iron and other essential nutrients is the single most important cause of anemia in children of this age Diarrhea was the chief associated symptom in more than half the cases studied. Hence it is essential to make provision for safe drinking water and to improve sanitary facilities periodic deworming measure is advised, to reduce parasitic infestation which also contributes to the development of anemia.

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IRON DEFICIENCY AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA – A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

Romanian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.37897/rjp.2016.3.3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 254-257

Author(s):

Laura Florescu ◽

◽

Oana-Raluca Temneanu ◽

Nicolai Nistor ◽

Dana Elena Mindru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Level ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Global Public Health Problem

Iron deficiency is defined as a condition in which there is not an adequate iron level necessary to maintain the normal physiologic functions. Having the magnitude of epidemics, anemia is a global public health problem, which affects both the emerging countries and the developed ones, with major consequences for human health and for social and economic development. Nowadays, iron deficiency and especially iron-deficiency anemia, remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies. Each group of age is vulnerable. Infants, small children, pre-school children and teenagers show a higher risk of iron deficiency. Accordingly, the World Health Organization developed an ample package of public health measures that approaches all the aspects related to iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. Trying to diminish the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has synthesized in 2014 the recommendations used also at present for martial prophylaxis.

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