scholarly journals Neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging cause of acute pesticide poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Bansal ◽  
C. L. Nawal ◽  
Aradhana Singh ◽  
Radheyshyam Chejara ◽  
Siddharth Chouhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
New Class ◽  
Protection Information ◽  
Cns Depression

Neonicotinoids are a new class of insecticides widely applied for crop protection. Information on human exposures to neonicotinoids is limited. The most common routes of exposure were ingestion (51%), dermal (44%), and ocular (11%). These insecticides act as agonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which cause insect paralysis and death the high specificity for receptors in insects was considered to possess highly selective toxicity to insects and relative sparing of mammals. However, an increasing number of cases of acute neonicotinoid poisoning have been reported in recent years. Present study report three cases presented to us with acute neonicotinoid poisoning with different manifestations including acute myocardial infarction, central nervous system (CNS) depression, and acute kidney injury, who recovered subsequently with supportive care. A detailed literature review found that respiratory, cardiovascular and certain neurological presentations are warning signs of severe neonicotinoid intoxication. Supportive treatment and decontamination are the practical methods for the management of all neonicotinoid-poisoned patients.

scholarly journals αM-Conotoxin MIIIJ Blocks Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors at Neuromuscular Junctions of Frog and Fish

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Rybin ◽  
Henrik O’Brien ◽  
Iris Bea L. Ramiro ◽  
Layla Azam ◽  
J. Michael McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cone Snail ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
New Class ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Snake Neurotoxin

We report the discovery and functional characterization of αM-Conotoxin MIIIJ, a peptide from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail Conus magus. Injections of αM-MIIIJ induced paralysis in goldfish (Carassius auratus) but not mice. Intracellular recording from skeletal muscles of fish (C. auratus) and frog (Xenopus laevis) revealed that αM-MIIIJ inhibited postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with an IC50 of ~0.1 μM. With comparable potency, αM-MIIIJ reversibly blocked ACh-gated currents (IACh) of voltage-clamped X. laevis oocytes exogenously expressing nAChRs cloned from zebrafish (Danio rerio) muscle. αM-MIIIJ also protected against slowly-reversible block of IACh by α-bungarotoxin (α-BgTX, a snake neurotoxin) and α-conotoxin EI (α-EI, from Conus ermineus another fish hunter) that competitively block nAChRs at the ACh binding site. Furthermore, assessment by fluorescence microscopy showed that αM-MIIIJ inhibited the binding of fluorescently-tagged α-BgTX at neuromuscular junctions of X. laevis, C. auratus, and D. rerio. (Note, we observed that αM-MIIIJ can block adult mouse and human muscle nAChRs exogenously expressed in X. laevis oocytes, but with IC50s ~100-times higher than those of zebrafish nAChRs.) Taken together, these results indicate that αM-MIIIJ inhibits muscle nAChRs and furthermore apparently does so by interfering with the binding of ACh to its receptor. Comparative alignments with homologous sequences identified in other fish hunters revealed that αM-MIIIJ defines a new class of muscle nAChR inhibitors from cone snails.

Polyarginine Peptides As a New Class of Ligands of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 483 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-315
Author(s):  
E. V. Kryukova ◽  
I. A. Ivanov ◽  
D. S. Lebedev ◽  
E. N. Spirova ◽  
D. A. Senko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
New Class

scholarly journals Acute poisoning with acetamiprid, a type of neonicotinoid insecticide causing severe lactic acidosis: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110592
Author(s):  
Mohanaruban Pravinson ◽  
Selladurai Pirasath ◽  
Srivickneswaran Ghetheeswaran ◽  
Sivahamy Uthayakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Severe Lactic Acidosis ◽  
New Class ◽  
The World ◽  
Excess Amount ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Specific Management

Acetamiprid is a type of neonicotinoid that belongs to the new class of insecticides. It is fatally toxic to insects by acting as an agonist to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Cases with neonicotinoids including acetamiprid poisoning in humans were reported around the world. Only one case with acetamiprid poisoning associated with severe adverse effects has been described from Sri Lanka. Serious side effects will occur if it is consumed in excess amount. Here, we described a case of acetamiprid poisoning in a man who developed severe lactic acidosis, myocardial suppression, hyperglycemia, and intestinal obstruction following accidental intake of acetamiprid insecticide. The patient was managed conservatively as there is no specific management mentioned in the literature.

Cytogenetic alterations induced by flupyradifurone, a new butenolide insecticide, in human lymphocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu ◽  
Adem Aydın ◽  
Seval Kontaş Yedier ◽  
Vedat Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
New Class ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Nuclear Division Index

Flupyradifurone (FPD), a member of the new class of butenolide insecticides, acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Studies on genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of FPD are very limited. This is the first study to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of FPD and its metabolites on human lymphocyte cultures with or without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix) using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. The cultures were treated with 85, 170, and 340 µg/ml of FPD in the presence (3 h treatment) and absence (48 h treatment) of S9 mix. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. Statistically significant decreases were detected at the medium and highest concentrations for 48 h treatments while decreases in mitotic index (MI) in the presence of the S9 mix were found statistically significant at all FPD concentrations tested when compared with the solvent control. FPD also decreased the nuclear division index (NDI) at the highest concentration (340 µg/ml) in the absence of S9 mix. When compared with the solvent control, increases in CA frequencies were significant at the medium and highest concentrations. Significantly increased MN frequency was only found at the highest FPD concentration in cultures without S9 mix compared with the solvent control while increases in the MN frequencies in the presence of S9 mix were statistically significant at all FPD concentrations. The results of the present study indicate that FPD and its metabolites can show cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. More genotoxicity studies are necessary to make a possible risk assessment in humans.

scholarly journals Acetylcholine and Its Receptors in Honeybees: Involvement in Development and Impairments by Neonicotinoids

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Grünewald ◽  
Paul Siefert
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Developmental Disturbances ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
Insect Central Nervous System

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous system (CNS). However, besides the neuronal expression of ACh receptors (AChR), the existence of non-neuronal AChR in honeybees is plausible. The cholinergic system is a popular target of insecticides because the pharmacology of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) differs substantially from their vertebrate counterparts. Neonicotinoids are agonists of the nAChR and are largely used in crop protection. In contrast to their relatively high safety for humans and livestock, neonicotinoids pose a threat to pollinating insects such as bees. In addition to its effects on behavior, it becomes increasingly evident that neonicotinoids affect developmental processes in bees that appear to be independent of neuronal AChRs. Brood food (royal jelly, worker jelly, or drone jelly) produced in the hypopharyngeal glands of nurse bees contains millimolar concentrations of ACh, which is required for proper larval development. Neonicotinoids reduce the secreted ACh-content in brood food, reduce hypopharyngeal gland size, and lead to developmental impairments within the colony. We assume that potential hazards of neonicotinoids on pollinating bees occur neuronally causing behavioral impairments on adult individuals, and non-neuronally causing developmental disturbances as well as destroying gland functioning.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the patients with Parkinson's disease: 5IA-SPECT

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S586-S586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Hashikawa ◽  
Hidefumi Yoshida ◽  
Nobukatsu Sawamoto ◽  
Shigetoshi Takaya ◽  
Chihiro Namiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICPI) induced Nephrotoxicity – An Insight.

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohmad Hussian Mir ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Khalid Parvez Sofi ◽  
Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani ◽  
Muzafar Maqsood Wani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Check Point ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
New Class ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors

Immune check point inhibitors (ICPIs) are a new class of anti-neoplastic agents being increasingly used by oncologists to treat various malignancies. These drugs have been associated with varied side effects and have a nephrotoxic potential. Many cases of ICPI induced acute kidney injury are increasingly being reported. Their use in CKD patients on dialysis as well as in kidney transplant recipients is associated with various challenges. This review discusses the use of ICPIs in CKD, dialysis and renal transplant patients and their nephrotoxic potential  

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