scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV, its prevention, and associated factors among antenatal women attending a health care facility in district Srinagar, North India: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Mohsina Mukhtar ◽  
Ruqia Quansar ◽  
Suhail N. Bhat ◽  
S. M. Salim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: HIV pandemic still remains an issue of major concern on a global scale with more than 37.9 million people estimated to be living with HIV in 2019 globally -an increase from 36.7 million in 2015. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, with 2.1 million people living with HIV, with higher prevalence among men (0.25%) than women (0.19%) out of which children (15 years) accounts for 6.54%, while two fifth (40.5%) of total HIV infections are among females.Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted over a time period of 03 months and a total of 366 pregnant women attending the health care facilities of Block Hazratbal were included in the study.Results: Among the study participants, only 15 (4.1%) women had not heard about HIV/AIDS, 314 (85.8%) were aware of sexual transmission as a mode of transmission and only half of the study subjects (50.8%) knew about MTCT, more than half of the subjects (68.3%) were aware that the transmission of HIV infection can occur during pregnancy.Conclusions: Although the study population showed adequate knowledge about HIV infection, there was a considerable lack of knowledge regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection and its prevention.

scholarly journals Lessons about the reliability of congenital syphilis and vertical HIV transmission data learned from case reviews in Uruguay: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Cabrera ◽  
Mariangela Freitas Silveira ◽  
Ana Visconti ◽  
Fabian García ◽  
Rafael Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background In Uruguay it is mandatory to review all cases of positive HIV or reactive syphilis tests in pregnancy and peripartum. We compared the rates of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and HIV detected by case reviews to those obtained from the usual surveillance system and described the characteristic of vertical transmission cases. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed with secondary data obtained from official government sources, for all the country cases of maternal to child transmission of HIV and syphilis from 2012 to 2017, with descriptive analyses. For congenital syphilis analyses, the following pregnancy characteristics were investigated: number of antenatal checks, gestational age at pregnancy diagnosis, gestational age at syphilis test and diagnosis, adequate treatment, and treatment of partners. Sociodemographic characteristics included type of health care (public/private), maternal age, distribution of ethnic minorities, maximum educational attainment, presence of partner, planned pregnancy, drug and alcohol use, domestic violence, previous maternal diagnosis of syphilis, and previous children with congenital syphilis. Results Coverage of syphilis case reviews increased from 82% in 2014 to 97.4% in 2017. For HIV, this coverage reached 100% in 2017 and elimination of mother to child transmission was achieved. A marked decline in congenital syphilis was noted in the public health care sector, especially in the capital Montevideo, whereas the private sector has remained below the elimination target. Variables related with congenital syphilis in exposed children were late pregnancy diagnosis, < 5 antenatal checks, delayed diagnosis of gestational syphilis, lower rate of correct treatment for gestational syphilis, untreated partner, low maternal schooling, unplanned pregnancy, history of syphilis, and having other children with syphilis. Conclusion The use of case reviews provided knowledge regarding the accurate number of mother-to-child transmission cases and the evolution of elimination of mother to child transmission in the country. The results suggest that rates must be adjusted, providing an opportunity to improve the reliability of surveillance data, and point the need to address specific gaps in order to improve the quality of care during pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Utilization of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services and Associated Factors among Antenatal Care Attending Mothers in Sebeta Town, Central Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailu Merga ◽  
Kifle Woldemichael ◽  
Lamessa Dube
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Pmtct Service ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother To Child

Background. HIV transmission from mother to child continues to be the major source of HIV infection among children under the age of fifteen. Targeting pregnant women attending antenatal clinics provides a unique opportunity for implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs against HIV infection of newborn babies. This study assessed utilization of PMTCT service of HIV and associated factors among ANC attending mothers.Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 20 to March 30, 2015, using exit interviews with 377 ANC attendees using consecutive sampling method. In-depth interviews with service provider were conducted to complement the quantitative data. Data were entered and analysed using EpiData and SPSS, respectively.Results. The prevalence of PMTCT service utilization was 86.9% in this study. Only 8.6% of respondents attended the facility for HCT. After controlling confounders using logistic regression, PMTCT service utilization was associated with age (25–34) of respondents (AOR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.22, 0.97)), mother’s occupational status (being merchant AOR (95% CI) = 0.31 (0.12, 0.83), government employee AOR (95% CI) = 0.05 (0.01, 0.28), student AOR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.01, 0.44), and daily laborer AOR (95% CI) = 0.13 (0.05, 0.33)), husband’s educational status (lack of formal education (AOR (95% CI) = 3.3 (1.1, 9.9))), having discussion with husband (AOR (95% CI) = 6.1 (2.6, 14.1)), partner tested (AOR (95% CI) = 8.2 (1.9, 34.46)), and being not satisfied with the service (AOR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.2, 0.99)).Conclusions. This study revealed that utilization of HIV counseling and testing during antenatal care was high among pregnant women in Sebeta town. It highlights that focusing on improvement of quality and coverage of health services has significant effects on PMTCT service utilization. Effective use or uptake of ARV drug among HIV-positive pregnant women should be further investigated so that utilization will be enhanced.

HIV/AIDS and Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhara Chandrashekhara ◽  
Sandeepkumar O
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

Children are innocent victims of HIV infection through vertical transmission. Children who are HIV positive, either through mother-to-child transmission or following sexual abuse, are often not told what could happen to them, and they will certainly be frightened when they experience symptoms.

scholarly journals Burden of HIV-Related Stigma and Post-Partum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients Attending Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obadia Yator ◽  
Muthoni Mathai ◽  
Tele Albert ◽  
Manasi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: We look at how various HIV-related stigma subtypes, especially internalizing types, interact with postpartum depression (PPD) among women living with HIV. Additionally, we identify key psychosocial risk factors that influence stigma and PPD among women attending Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinics.Methods: In this cross-sectional design, 123 women living with HIV were recruited. Participants ages between 18 and 50, who were at least 8 weeks postpartum seeking PMTCT services at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), between June and September 2014 participated in the study. HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWHA (HASI–P) was used to assesses stigma and Postpartum depression was assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Bivariate and multivariate regression models were used to determine the individual characteristics associated with the HIV-related stigma Scale. Post survey a few in-depth-interviews were conducted to explore individuals' stigma and depression experiences.Results: The mean age was 31.2 years (SD = 5.2). Fifty-nine (48%) women screened positive for significant depressive symptoms. Post-partum depression was a significant predictor of internalized stigma, enacted, and total stigma (P &lt; 0.05). Older age was associated with less internalized stigma. Living with a partner was associated with more internalized stigma. Having an income above 100 USD per month was protective against stigma. Having good family social support was protective against internalized stigma. A higher educational level was protective against enacted stigma. Being treated for STIs was a risk factor for both enacted and overall stigma.Conclusions: HIV-related stigma needs to be addressed through integrated mental health care programs in PMTCT. Postpartum depression requires comprehensive management to improve short- and long-term outcomes of women living with HIV.

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