scholarly journals Relevance of indirect laryngoscopy as an examination tool in present day otorhinolaryngological practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
H. Ravi Kishore ◽  
Pallavi Hosakoti
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Indirect Laryngoscopy ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Rigid Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Real Size ◽  
The Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to determine the difference in extent of laryngeal visualization between indirect laryngoscopy (IDL) mirror and rigid endoscopy (70°) and relevance of IDL in present day otolaryngological practice.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 100 patients attending to the Department of ENT, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka with complaints referable to larynx and upper digestive tract were taken up for study. All patients underwent IDL mirror and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination. The extent of laryngeal visualization by the clinician was recorded for each examination.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 patients who underwent IDL mirror examination and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination in 87% of cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis and in 11% of cases we needed rigid endoscopic examination for making the diagnosis. In 2% of cases we were not able to visualize the pathologies even with rigid endoscopy, in whom we needed other modalities of examination like radiological evidence to arrive at a diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In the present study, in 87% of the cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis. Eleven cases needed rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination to aid in diagnosis of pathologies. Even though laryngeal mirror examination is less comfortable, causing gagging for patient and may provide less complete information when compared to rigid endoscopy because of its less expensive, better depth visualization of structures and near real size images provides a versatile tool till date. Be that as it may indirect laryngoscopic mirror examination remains the mainstay of otolaryngological practice in today’s Otolaryngology practice.</p>

scholarly journals Foreign bodies in adult upper digestive tract: a series of 30 cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kumar Jayaraman ◽  
Vikram V. J. ◽  
Kalaiselvi M. ◽  
Sudha M.
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Flexible Endoscopy ◽  
Oesophageal Perforation ◽  
Rigid Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
Madras Medical College ◽  
Sharp Foreign Body

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Rigid endoscopy under general anaesthesia has traditionally been used by otolaryngologist for diagnosis and management of variety of disorders affecting the upper digestive tract including the removal of foreign body. Smooth foreign bodies does not pose much threat but may cause airway obstruction. Sharp foreign bodies, if not removed the earliest may penetrate oesophageal wall and cause complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A Retrospective analysis was done for patients who underwent rigid oesophaghoscopy under general anaesthesia for 30 patients of foreign body ingestion at Upgraded Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, between November 2016 – November 2017. The records of age, sex, co-morbidities, X-ray finding, complications were recorded.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of adults in this group belonged to 40-50 years age. The most common foreign body impacted was chicken bone totalling 16. 2 patients of denture ingestion were referred for flexible endoscopy after failed attempt, 1 developed oesophageal perforation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Rigid endoscopy is the gold standard for removal of sharp foreign body as the sharp ends can be clasped and brought in to the endoscope there by preventing damage to the mucosa. Foreign body with multiple sharp ends which cannot be negotiated into rigid endoscope, should be pushed into the stomach and attempted removal by cutting sharp ends of foreign body or by gastrostomy, as pulling such foreign body will lead to full length tear of oesophagus leading to morbidity and mortality. </p>

scholarly journals Diversity Scaling of Human Digestive Tract (DT) Microbiomes: The Intra-DT and Inter-individual Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongju (Daisy) Chen ◽  
Bin Yi ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
Lin Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Scaling Parameter ◽  
Genus Richness ◽  
Species Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Human Digestive Tract ◽  
Biodiversity Changes

The human gut microbiome has been extensively studied, but its diversity scaling (changes or heterogeneities) along the digestive tract (DT) as well as their inter-individual heterogeneities have not been adequately addressed to the best of our knowledge. Here we fill the gap by applying the diversity-area relationship (DAR), a recent extension to the classic species-area relationship (SAR) in biogeography, by reanalyzing a dataset of over 2000 16s-rRNA microbiome samples obtained from 10 DT sites of over 200 individuals. We sketched out the biogeography “maps” for each of the 10 DT sites by cross-individual DAR analysis, and the intra-DT distribution pattern by cross-DT-site DAR analysis. Regarding the inter-individual biogeography, it was found that all DT sites have the invariant (constant) scaling parameter—all sites possessing the same diversity change rate across individuals, but most sites have different potential diversities, which include the portions of diversity that may be absent locally but present regionally. In the case of this study, the potential diversity of each DT site covers the total diversity of the respective site from all individuals in the cohort. In terms of the genus richness, an average individual hosts approximately 20% of the population-level genus richness (total bacterial genus of a human population). In contrast, in terms of community biodiversity, the percentages of individual over population may exceed 90%. This suggests that the differences between individuals in their DT microbiomes are predominantly in the composition of bacterial species, rather than how their abundances are distributed (i.e., biodiversity). Regarding the intra-DT patterns, the scaling parameter (z) is larger—suggesting that the intra-DT biodiversity changes are larger than inter-individual changes. The higher intra-DT heterogeneity of bacteria diversity, as suggested by larger intra-DT z than the inter-individual heterogeneity, should be expected since the intra-DT heterogeneity reflects the functional differentiations of the DT tract, while the inter-individual heterogeneity (z) reflects the difference of the same DT site across individuals. On average, each DT site contains 21–36% of the genus diversity of the whole DT, and the percentages are even higher in terms of higher taxon levels.

scholarly journals Unusual foreign body in the upper digestive tract: case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Snigdha Elaprolu ◽  
Gowri Sankar Marimuthu ◽  
Raghul Sekar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Unusual Foreign Body ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
Entire Gastrointestinal Tract

<p class="abstract">Unusual foreign bodies in the digestive tract are common in psychiatric patients and children requiring screening of the entire gastrointestinal tract. We here report two cases of unusual ingested blunt foreign body in the upper digestive tract managed differently.</p>

scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Apotel Versus Pethidine After Hemilaminectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Emamhadi ◽  
◽  
Hamid Behzadnia ◽  
Seifollah Jafari ◽  
Mohammadreza Zamanidoust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Difference

Background: Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon, and its management affects considerably on the recovery process, and patients’ satisfaction. Apotel and pethidine are two conventional medicines used to relieve pain after operation. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous injection of Apotel and intramuscular injection of pethidine in relieving pain after hemilaminectomy. Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 150 patients who underwent hemilaminectomy were recruited between May 2015 and November 2015. They were taking either Apotel (n=75) or pethidine (n=75) after the operation, which was done at Poursina Hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht City, Iran. The patients’ pain levels were measured using visual analog scale (VAS), and the results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the total VAS score between the Apotel and pethidine groups (P=0.189). However, there was a significant reduction in VAS score hours 2 (P=0.03) and 4 (P=0.004) hours after the injection of Apotel in this group, compared with those scores in the pethidine group. Also, VAS scores at other times (8, 12, 20, 28 hours after the injection) were lower than those in the pethidine group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Apotel was better pain-killer in the early hours after the first injection compared to pethidine. But its effect was similar to pethidine at the late hours after the first injection. Therefore it seems that Apotel is better painkiller after laminectomy, especially in the early hours after the operation.

scholarly journals Gambaran Pola Makan Dan Stress Pada Penderita Gastritis Di Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Kota Jambi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Aura Maulia Mustika ◽  
Dasuki Dasuki ◽  
Nofrida Saswati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract

ABSTRACT : OVERVIEW OF DIET AND STRESS IN GASTRITIS PATIENTS AT SIMPANG IV SIPIN HEALTH CENTER, JAMBI CITY Introduction : Gastritis, known as ulcer disease, is a disease of the upper digestive tract that many people complain about. The number of cases of gastritis in various countries is quite high. Gastritis is one of the top ten diseases among hospitalized clients in Indonesia with a total of 30,154 cases. One of the factors that cause gastritis is diet and stress. Purpose : This study aims to determine the description of diet and stress with gastritis at Simpang IV Sipin Public Health Center Jambi City in 2020.Method : This research is a quantitative research with descriptive research methods. The population in this study were all gastritis clients who visited the Simpang IV Sipin Public Health Center in Jambi City in September 2020, amounting to 45 clients and sampling was carried out using total sampling techniques, amounting to 45 clients. The data was collected using a questionnaire sheet and the results of this study were analyzed univariately.Result : The results of the univariate research showed that there were 24 (53.3%) respondents who had an irregular diet, 30 (66.7%) of respondents experienced stress in patients with gastritis at the Simpang IV Sipin Public Health Center Jambi City in 2020.Conclusion: From the research results, it can be concluded that diet and stress can cause gastritis. Keyword : stress, diet, gastritis INTISARI : Gambaran Pola Makan dan Stres pada Penderita Gastritis di Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Kota Jambi Latar Belakang : Penyakit gastritis yang dikenal dengan penyakit maag merupakan penyakit saluran pencernaan bagian atas yang banyak dikeluhkan di masyarakat. Pada kasus penyakit gastritis di berbagai negara memiliki angka yang cukup tinggi. Gastritis termasuk ke dalam sepuluh penyakit terbanyak pada klien rawat inap rumah sakit di Indonesia dengan jumlah 30.154 kasus. Salah satu faktor penyebab gastritis yaitu pola makan dan stress.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola makan dan stres dengan gastritis di Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Kota Jambi Tahun 2020.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian Deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh klien Gastritis yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Kota Jambi pada bulan September Tahun 2020 yang berjumlah 45 klien dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling  yaitu berjumlah 45 klien. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan lembar kuesioner dan hasil penelitian ini dianalisis secara univariat.Hasil : Hasil penelitian univariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 24 (53,3%) responden memiliki pola makan yang tidak teratur, terdapat 30 (66,7%) responden mengalami stress pada penderita gastritis  di Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Kota Jambi Tahun 2020.Kesimpulan : berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pola makan dan stress dapat mengakibatkan kejadian gastritis. Kata Kunci       :  Stress, Pola Makan, Gastritis

scholarly journals Distance Metrics of D Numbers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguo Fei ◽  
Yuqiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Distance Function ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Belief Function ◽  
Distance Metrics ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
D Numbers

Belief function has always played an indispensable role in modeling cognitive uncertainty. As an inherited version, the theory of D numbers has been proposed and developed in a more efficient and robust way. Within the framework of D number theory, two more generalized properties are extended: (1) the elements in the frame of discernment (FOD) of D numbers do not required to be mutually exclusive strictly; (2) the completeness constraint is released. The investigation shows that the distance function is very significant in measuring the difference between two D numbers, especially in information fusion and decision. Modeling methods of uncertainty that incorporate D numbers have become increasingly popular, however, very few approaches have tackled the challenges of distance metrics. In this study, the distance measure of two D numbers is presented in cases, including complete information, incomplete information, and non-exclusive elements

scholarly journals Genetic causes of reproductive problems in the Bosnian women population

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Mirela Mackic-Djurovic ◽  
Dunja Rukavina ◽  
Lejla Ahmetas
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Abnormal Karyotype ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bosnian Women

Background: The causes of infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortions are diverse and numerous – including non-genetic and genetic factors – whereby the importance of genetic factors in pathogenesis of infertility is becoming more and more common. Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic defects can cause reproduction failures, and for this reason genetic analysis can play an important role in reproductive problems research.Aims and Objective: This study aims to determine the type and frequency of chromosomalaberrations in the female population sample, as well as to determine if the difference between groups with and without chromosomal aberrations was statistically significant.Materials and Methods: One hundred women aged 15-46 were included in the study, allhaving different reproductive disorder diagnoses and requiring karyotype analysis in the Sarajevo Medical Faculty Genetic Center. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on the peripheral blood, which was cultured for four days, using GTG banding forchromosomalanalysis.Results: Out of 100 women included in the study, an abnormal karyotype was found in 16 of them (16%). The difference between the frequency of normal and abnormal karyotype in women with reproductive problems identified in this study was found to be statistically significant. The pattern of chromosomal aberrations was similar to that reported in the previous cytogenetic studies with similar inclusion criteria.Conclusion: This fact should be taken in the consideration in order to estimate true etiology of reproductive problems and it is a valuable information in the process of genetic counseling and decision making in assisted reproductive technology.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 12-16

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