Trends of common contact sensitizers in tandem with increased                        hair dye dermatitis in Shimla, a sub-Himalayan region: a study of 521 patients

Background: Skin is exposed to a vast variety of chemicals, organic or biological products among fashion seeking community of today’s world. This put them at risk of contact sensitization. Rapid industrialization, westernization of the society and poor labeling laws of cosmetics put us to the threat of “contact sensitization explosion” in near future. To know the drift of common contact sensitizers in the region, patch testing provides an insight into the cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objective of the study was to determine the commonest allergen responsible for allergic contact dermatitis among patients attending contact dermatitis clinic in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology of our institution. We reviewed the medical records of all patients who were patch tested over a period of 6 years, using Indian standard series.Results: A total of 521 patients who were patch tested in the contact dermatitis clinic were included in the study. Nine patients with angry back were excluded. There were 269 males and 243 females. The commonest provisional diagnosis was allergic contact dermatitis secondary to hair dye in 172 (33.3%) patients followed by air borne contact dermatitis to parthenium in 88 (17.3%) patients. The paraphenylenediamine (PPD) being the most common sensitizer in 92 (17.9%) patients was followed by nickel in 86 (16.7%) patients, potassium dichromate in 36 (7%), parthenium in 32 (6%) and fragrance mix in 31 (6%) patients.Conclusions: This study revealed higher prevalence of hair dye dermatitis. Paraphenylenediamine was the most common allergen.

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A study on incidence of various allergens involved in allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing among 150 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20181820 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

V. N. S. Ahamed Shariff ◽

K. Deepa ◽

L. Balamurugan ◽

S. Nirmala

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Test ◽

Patch Testing ◽

Potassium Dichromate ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Allergic Contact ◽

Male To Female

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis is common dermatoses seen among patients attending dermatology clinics. Allergic contact dermatitis is due to delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction. The diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis is made by patch testing. A positive reaction to a patch test commonly proves the cause of dermatitis.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to estimate the incidence of various allergens among 150 patch test positive patients with allergic contact dermatitis who had attended the dermatology OPD in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, between October 2014 and September 2016. All the details regarding history, examination findings, investigations and patch test results were collected from case records, the data were tabulated and analysed.Results: Allergic contact dermatitis to cement was the commonest (44.7%), followed by nickel (10%) and plant antigens (9.3%). The commonest allergen to be tested positive was Potassium dichromate (82 cases), followed nickel (15 cases) and formaldehyde (8 cases). Most of the patients were in the age category between 41 and 50 years (47 cases– 31.33%). Male to female ratio was 2.41:1. 14 were atopic individuals (9.33%) by Hanifin and Rajka's criteria. Allergic contact dermatitis in 103 cases of our study were of occupational in origin (67%).Conclusions: Avoidance of allergen and proper preventive measures in workplace and day to day activities will lead to significant decrease in the morbidity of the disease and improvement in quality of life in patients with allergic contact dermatitis.

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Henna tattoo contact dermatitis — a report of four cases and brief review of the selected literature

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-011-0106-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 124-128

Author(s):

Sonja Prcic ◽

Aleksandra Matic ◽

Milan Matic ◽

Aleksandra Petrovic ◽

Verica Djuran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Testing ◽

Potassium Dichromate ◽

Contact Allergy ◽

Nickel Sulphate ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Contact Sensitization ◽

Hair Dye ◽

Allergic Contact ◽

Related Compounds

AbstractTemporary henna tattoos have recently become increasingly popular, especially among teenagers. Combining henna with other colouring agents such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD) may increase its potential for contact sensitization, cross-reaction to related compounds, as well as life-long allergy. Several cases of contact dermatitis from temporary tattoos with black henna have been reported in the literature. We present our experiences with 4 pediatric cases of allergic contact dermatitis induced by henna tattooing and give a brief review of the literature. The agent responsible for contact allergy was proven to be PPD in 3 patients, and in one patch testing revealed positive reactions to PPD and benzocaine, as well as to wool alcohols, nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate, to previously used hair dye—all being of clinical relevance.

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Clinical profile of patients with allergic contact dermatitis attending tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20175124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Guruprasad Kalyanrao Y. ◽

Ashok Kumar B. Nagure

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Past History ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

External Application ◽

Compensation Claims ◽

Allergic Contact

Background: Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory response of the skin to various antigens and irritants. It accounts for a formidable proportion of dermatological consultations. It accounts for a formidable proportion of dermatological consultations. It is associated with significant morbidity, and it is one of the most common reasons for workmen’s compensation claims for skin diseases.Methods: The Methodology included detailed history especially of potential sensitisers in the environment, occupation, hobbies, any contact with external application of cosmetics, drugs, ointments. Emphases on past history were recorded regarding the mode of presentation, progression, medication taken and their effect on allergic contact dermatitis.Results: Allergic contact dermatitis due to Parthenium hysterophorus accounts for 80 (64%) cases, allergic contact dermatitis due to wearing apparel and jewellery accounts for 21 (16.8%) cases, due to topical medicaments 10 (8%), allergic contact dermatitis due to cosmetics and occupational (professional) antigen constituting 7 (5.6%) each. Conclusions: The most common and important mode of contact is from the pollen or dried leaf fragments flying in the air which settles on the skin, clothes and induces allergy which is known as Air borne contact dermatitis, this is more common in men, outdoor professions or those who spent more time in outdoor including froresters, labourers, engineers, sports person, hunters, gardeners and farmers.

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ECZEMA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.01.744 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (01) ◽

pp. 060-064

Author(s):

Humaira Maryum Agha ◽

Sadaf Ahmed Asim ◽

Dr. M. Zafar Alam ◽

Zarnaz Wahid

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

University Hospital ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hand Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact ◽

Hospital Study

Objectives: To determine the frequency of different types of eczema inpatients presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive typeof study. Setting: Hamdard University Hospital Karachi. Period: January 2013 till December2013. Patients and Methods: All new cases of any type of eczema were registered by nonprobabilityconvenient sampling. Total 192 patients of both genders and all ages were enrolledafter taking informed consent. Diagnosis was made on detailed history and clinical examinationby consultant dermatologist. All specific and relevant investigations were done accordingto requirement. Patients were divided in two groups, exogenous eczema and endogenouseczema, for convenience. Data was analyzed by the latest version of SPSS. Results: Therewere 192 patients, out of which 52.08% were males and 47.91% females. Out of the totalpresented patients 50% had endogenous eczema, 43.37% had exogenous eczema and25.62% had unspecified eczema. In endogenous group 11.45% had hand dermatitis followedby seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and asteatotic eczema in descending frequencyof presentation. Pityriasis alba, discoid eczema and pompholyx were seen less frequent. Inexogenous eczema allergic contact dermatitis was seen in 14.06% patients, while irritant contactdermatitis in 11.45% patients. Infective eczema and photo-allergic eczema were seen in smallnumber of patients. Conclusion: It was found in this study that allergic contact dermatitis wasmost common type of eczema followed by other types. Whatever the type is, eczema can betreated, symptoms can be relieved and recurrences can be prevented by appropriate therapy.All types of eczema affect patient’s quality of life adversely. However, they can be prevented byeducating patients and their relatives to take adequate safety measures like using good qualityemollients prophylactically.

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