scholarly journals Captivity, Displacement and Migration Among Indigenous People on Mining Frontiers

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
José Manuel Moreno Vega
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Mining Centers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Mining Regions

Os centros de mineração foram destinos comuns para a migração indígena durante o período colonial devido à alta demanda de mão de obra indígena que para lá se deslocava principalmente pela quase inexistência de indígenas sedentários nas regiões mineradoras. Uma revisão da bibliografia recente de vários estudiosos sobre os padrões de migração indígena em centros de mineração aborda tópicos afins, como migração forçada, deslocamento e cativeiro, relacionados à violência. Conhecimentos acerca temas do papel das mulheres nesse tipo de processos também constituem problemas das pesquisas relacionadas. As diferentes abordagens adotadas por especialistas neste tópico e, portanto, um conjunto de descobertas diferentes, também devem ser consideradas. Palavras-chave: Paisagens. Mineração. Cativeiro. Deslocamento. Migração. Abstract: mining centers were common places for indigenous migration during the colonial period, because of the high demand on foreign indigenous labor, mainly due to the low sedentary indigenous population in the mining regions. A literature review on the recent work of several borderlands scholars on indigenous migration patterns into mining centers sheds new light on related topics, such as forced migration, displacement and captivity, which relate to violence. It also sheds knowledge on topics such as women’s roles in these type of processes. One thing to consider are the different approaches taken by experts on this topic, and thus, the different set of findings. Keywords: Landscapes. Mining. Captivity. Displacement. Migration.

scholarly journals Cain and migration: Opportunity amidst punishment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrie Snyman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Hebrew Text ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Hybrid Identities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Physically Handicapped ◽  
Positive Effect

In the colonial period since 1492, the colonial masters of Europe sent perpetrators within the colonised territories to other colonies where they became slaves – forced migration and diaspora. These slaves started a new life and became, like Cain’s children, the ancestors of a few notable families (e.g. in South Africa) – a typical postcolonial situation of creating hybrid identities where East met West in Africa to procreate. The question this article asks is the following: how can one link migration and diaspora to Cain’s situation? Cain’s punishment was twofold: the earth would no longer yield to him any fruit, and he would become a fugitive and a wanderer (Gn 4:12). It is as if the first logically led to the second in the Hebrew text. Cain’s vulnerability had a positive effect, so that later on in the story he seemed to have settled and procreated to the extent that his children became founders of arts, science and technology. The LXX partly solves this contradiction by making Cain physically handicapped with trembling and groaning. Significantly, in both traditions he is said to leave the presence of the deity to live elsewhere where he would not be confronted with either the deity or his parents. In both instances, a migration is clearly taking place with the implication that once being branded a perpetrator one can no longer reside within the community or society in whose midst the transgression took place. The perpetrator is removed from the victims and the latter need no longer confront him or her. This article will subsequently consider the following: the value of migration in the biblical text, the significance of Cain moving away from his clan and deity, and the effect of settling elsewhere.

scholarly journals Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fregel ◽  
Alejandra C. Ordóñez ◽  
Jonathan Santana-Cabrera ◽  
Vicente M. Cabrera ◽  
Javier Velasco-Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Near East ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
North African ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
And Migration

AbstractThe Canary Islands’ indigenous people have been the subject of substantial archaeological, anthropological, linguistic and genetic research pointing to a most probable North African Berber source. However, neither agreement about the exact point of origin nor a model for the indigenous colonization of the islands has been established. To shed light on these questions, we analyzed 48 ancient mitogenomes from 25 archaeological sites from the seven main islands. Most lineages observed in the ancient samples have a Mediterranean distribution, and belong to lineages associated with the Neolithic expansion in the Near East and Europe (T2c, J2a, X3a…). This phylogeographic analysis of Canarian indigenous mitogenomes, the first of its kind, shows that some lineages are restricted to Central North Africa (H1cf, J2a2d and T2c1d3), while others have a wider distribution, including both West and Central North Africa, and, in some cases, Europe and the Near East (U6a1a1, U6a7a1, U6b, X3a, U6c1). In addition, we identify four new Canarian-specific lineages (H1e1a9, H4a1e, J2a2d1a and L3b1a12) whose coalescence dates correlate with the estimated time for the colonization of the islands (1st millennia CE). Additionally, we observe an asymmetrical distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in the ancient population, with certain haplogroups appearing more frequently in the islands closer to the continent. This reinforces results based on modern mtDNA and Y-chromosome data, and archaeological evidence suggesting the existence of two distinct migrations. Comparisons between insular populations show that some populations had high genetic diversity, while others were probably affected by genetic drift and/or bottlenecks. In spite of observing interinsular differences in the survival of indigenous lineages, modern populations, with the sole exception of La Gomera, are homogenous across the islands, supporting the theory of extensive human mobility after the European conquest.

scholarly journals Applying Concepts and Tools in Demography for Estimating, Analyzing, and Forecasting Forced Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Component ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Demographic Methods ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Among demographic events (birth, death, and migration), migration is notably the most volatile component to forecast accurately. Accounting for forced migration is even more challenging given the difficulty in collecting forced migration data. Knowledge of trends and patterns of forced migration and its future trajectory is, however, highly relevant for policy planning for migrant sending and receiving areas. This paper aims to review existing methodological tools to estimate and forecast migration in demography and explore how they can be applied to the study of forced migration. It presents steps towards estimation of forced migration and future assessments, which comprise: (1) migration flows estimation methods using both traditional and nontraditional data; (2) empirical analysis of drivers of migration and migration patterns; and (3) forecasting migration based on multidimensional population projections and scenarios approach. The paper then discusses how these demographic methods and tools can be applied to estimate and forecast forced migration.

scholarly journals Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0209125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fregel ◽  
Alejandra C. Ordóñez ◽  
Jonathan Santana-Cabrera ◽  
Vicente M. Cabrera ◽  
Javier Velasco-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
And Migration

Population trends and migration patterns in the critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola) in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Jong-Gil Park ◽  
Chang-uk Park ◽  
Kyoung-Soon Jin ◽  
Yang-Mo Kim ◽  
Hee-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Trends ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration

AI and Migration Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 768-787
Author(s):  
Petra Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right

This chapter focuses on how technologies used in the management of migration—such as automated decision-making in immigration and refugee applications and artificial intelligence (AI) lie detectors—impinge on human rights with little international regulation, arguing that this lack of regulation is deliberate, as states single out the migrant population as a viable testing ground for new technologies. Making migrants more trackable and intelligible justifies the use of more technology and data collection under the guide of national security, or even under tropes of humanitarianism and development. Technology is not inherently democratic, and human rights impacts are particularly important to consider in humanitarian and forced migration contexts. An international human rights law framework is particularly useful for codifying and recognizing potential harms, because technology and its development are inherently global and transnational. Ultimately, more oversight and issue specific accountability mechanisms are needed to safeguard fundamental rights of migrants, such as freedom from discrimination, privacy rights, and procedural justice safeguards, such as the right to a fair decision maker and the rights of appeal.

Marginalization, Assimilation, and Resurgence: Indigenous People in Central America since Independence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Gabbert
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Central American ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Agricultural Export

While the end of colonial rule brought formal equality it did not end discrimination and marginalization of the indigenous population in independent Central America. Many suffered land loss and proletarianization in the emerging agricultural export economy. However, indigenous people were not mere victims of exploitation, displacement, and ladinization but played an often active role in Central American politics. Participation in the market economy and access to education fostered stratification within the indigenous population. The emergence of well-off and educated Indians and changes in international politics promoting multiculturalism contributed to the emergence of indigenous movements in recent decades. While some progress has been made concerning the recognition of cultural difference and autonomy, land rights are still a much disputed issue.

Surnames and population structure in the Doctrine of Belén, Altos de Arica, Viceroyalty of Peru (1750–1813)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Emma Alfaro ◽  
Xochitl Inostroza ◽  
José E. Dipierri ◽  
Daniela Peña Aguilera ◽  
Jorge Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
And Migration

Abstract The analysis of multiple population structures (biodemographic, genetic and socio-cultural) and their inter-relations contribute to a deeper understanding of population structure and population dynamics. Genetically, the population structure corresponds to the deviation of random mating conditioned by a limited number of ancestors, by restricted migration in the social or geographic space, or by preference for certain consanguineous unions. Through the isonymic method, surname frequency and distribution across the population can supply quantitative information on the structure of a human population, as they constitute universal socio-cultural variables. Using documentary sources to undertake the Doctrine of Belén’s (Altos de Arica, Chile) historical demography reconstruction between 1763 and 1820, this study identified an indigenous population with stable patronymics. The availability of complete marriage, baptism and death records, low rates of migration and the significant percentage of individuals registered and constantly present in this population favoured the application of the isonymic method. The aim of this work was to use given names and surnames recorded in these documentary sources to reconstruct the population structure and migration pattern of the Doctrine of Belén between 1750 and 1813 through the isonymic method. The results of the study were consistent with the ethno-historical data of this ethnic space, where social cohesion was, in multiple ways, related to the regulation of daily life in colonial Andean societies.

scholarly journals Spatial and space-time correlations in systems of subpopulations with genetic drift and migration.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-727
Author(s):  
B K Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
And Migration

Abstract The geographic distribution of genetic variation is an important theoretical and experimental component of population genetics. Previous characterizations of genetic structure of populations have used measures of spatial variance and spatial correlations. Yet a full understanding of the causes and consequences of spatial structure requires complete characterization of the underlying space-time system. This paper examines important interactions between processes and spatial structure in systems of subpopulations with migration and drift, by analyzing correlations of gene frequencies over space and time. We develop methods for studying important features of the complete set of space-time correlations of gene frequencies for the first time in population genetics. These methods also provide a new alternative for studying the purely spatial correlations and the variance, for models with general spatial dimensionalities and migration patterns. These results are obtained by employing theorems, previously unused in population genetics, for space-time autoregressive (STAR) stochastic spatial time series. We include results on systems with subpopulation interactions that have time delay lags (temporal orders) greater than one. We use the space-time correlation structure to develop novel estimators for migration rates that are based on space-time data (samples collected over space and time) rather than on purely spatial data, for real systems. We examine the space-time and spatial correlations for some specific stepping stone migration models. One focus is on the effects of anisotropic migration rates. Partial space-time correlation coefficients can be used for identifying migration patterns. Using STAR models, the spatial, space-time, and partial space-time correlations together provide a framework with an unprecedented level of detail for characterizing, predicting and contrasting space-time theoretical distributions of gene frequencies, and for identifying features such as the pattern of migration and estimating migration rates in experimental studies of genetic variation over space and time.

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