scholarly journals Geoprocessing and climate simulation applied to transposition between watershed in São Paulo state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cesar Da Silva ◽  
Gilberto Fernando Fisch ◽  
Thiago Adriano Dos Santos

The water crisis that hit the Southeast region of Brazil in the years 2014 and 2015 was generated by an atmospheric blocking associated with a high-pressure zone that persisted for more than 45 days, causing a drastic decrease in precipitation rates throughout the region. This fact had a major impact on the municipality of São Paulo, causing a crisis of lack of water availability. To face the problem of water shortages for the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, the water transposition from Paraíba do Sul River watershed to the Cantareira System was proposed to mitigate the referred crisis and other future ones. Therefore, to investigate the feasibility of the proposed solution becomes very important, given the changes in the rainfall profile generated by global climate changes that affect the climatic element precipitation. Geoprocessing techniques were associated with future rainfall data simulated by the HadCM3/Eta model using SRES (Special Report Scenarios Emission) A1B of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) to investigate the long-term feasibility of this proposal. The results point to the possibility of the project’s unsustainability until the year 2040, since only 35% of the year’s transposition may occur, reducing to 30% if only considering the 2030s.

Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cesar da Silva ◽  
Gilberto Fisch ◽  
Thiago Adriano dos Santos

 The alteration of global climate regimes due to anthropic action and excessive emission of greenhouse gases has been widely researched because it alters the patterns of climatological normals, generating changes in temperatures and precipitation worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in the Paraitinga and Paraibuna watersheds that together form the Paraibuna Dam, the main one of the Paraiba do Sul river watershed. This dam supplies the São Paulo Metropolitan Region by transporting water to the Cantareira System, the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region by transporting water to the Guandu watershed, and the Paraiba Valley Metropolitan Region, one of the most industrialized in Brazil. To investigate future precipitation trends, past and future climate simulations were used from the HadCM3/Eta model using the SRES (Special Report Emission Scenarios) A1B, and precipitation analysis using Quantis techniques to determine extreme rainfall and drought periods. The results point to an increase in precipitation averages in the region, followed by a greater intensity of extreme rainfall, which may lead to a higher occurrence of natural disasters such as landslides.


Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. PRESTES-CARNEIRO ◽  
D. H. P. SOUZA ◽  
G. C. MORENO ◽  
C. TROIANI ◽  
V. SANTARÉM ◽  
...  

SUMMARYSeroprevalence of Toxocara and Taenia solium and risk factors for infection with these parasites were explored in a long-term rural settlement in São Paulo state, Brazil. An ELISA for the detection of anti-Toxocara IgG and IgE and anti-T. solium cysticerci was standardized using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES) obtained from the cultured second-stage larvae of T. canis and by vesicular fluid antigen from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci (VF). For cysticercosis, the reactive ELISA samples were assayed by Western blot using 18 kDa and 14 kDa proteins purified from VF. Out of 182 subjects, 25 (13·7%) presented anti-Toxocara IgG and a positive correlation between total IgE and the reactive index of specific anti-TES IgE (P=0·0265) was found amongst the subjects found seropositive for anti-Toxocara IgG. In these individuals 38·0% showed ocular manifestations. The frequency of anti-T. solium cysticerci confirmed by Western blot was 0·6%. Seropositivity for Toxocara was correlated with low educational levels and the owning of dogs. Embryonated eggs of Toxocara spp. were found in 43·3% of the analysed areas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro GOMES ◽  
Milena Sales PITOMBEIRA ◽  
Douglas Kazutoshi SATO ◽  
Dagoberto CALLEGARO ◽  
Samira Luisa APÓSTOLOS-PEREIRA

ABSTRACT Background: Azathioprine is a common first-line therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term treatment (>10 years) with azathioprine is safe in NMOSD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of all patients at the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) who fulfilled the 2015 international consensus diagnostic criteria for NMOSD and were treated with azathioprine for at least 10 years. Results: Out of 375 patients assessed for eligibility, 19 were included in this analysis. These patients’ median age was 44 years (range=28-61); they were mostly female (17/19) and AQP4-IgG seropositive (18/19). The median disease duration was 15 years (range=10-39) and most patients presented a relapsing clinical course (84.2%). The median duration of treatment was 11.9 years (range=10.0-23.8). The median annualized relapse rates (ARR) pre- and post-treatment with azathioprine were 1 (range=0.1-2) and 0.1 (range=0-0.35); p=0.09. Three patients (15.7%) had records of adverse events during the follow-up, which consisted of chronic B12 vitamin deficiency, pulmonary tuberculosis and breast cancer. Conclusion: Azathioprine may be considered a safe agent for long-term treatment (>10 years) of NMOSD, but continuous vigilance for infections and malignancies is required.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Silva Ruiz ◽  
Rosicler Barbosa De Oliveira ◽  
Aldo Struffaldi ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Dias Da Silva Gabriel ◽  
Evandro Bocatto

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Teixeira

Através de uma análise das atividades desenvolvidas pelos terapeutas da zooterapia, apresentado pela experiência de um trabalho de observação de longa duração, este artigo se propõe a colocar em questão a associação do homem e do animal, em um corpus de conhecimentos vindo de uma “etologia” empírica e de um corpus elaborado e estruturado de saberes antropológicos. A zooterapia enquanto mediação animal é uma técnica de cuidado para além de uma constatação trivial interespecífica ou de uma projeção antropomórfica sobre os animais de categorias universalmente reconhecidas como humanas. Ela permite nos interrogarmos sobre o recurso à participação animal e seu estatuto de sujeito dotado de capacidades agentivas, ao lado de um terapeuta humano e face à uma pessoa doente. Por ocasião de três estudos de caso contextualmente situados nas cidades de Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, destacamos a questão mais geral da interação entre os dados empíricos que a zooterapia acumula e as representações sociais que são implicitamente mobilizadas para situar o animal dentro de uma cadeia operativa. De modo geral a problemática de interesse deste artigo trata das práticas e horizontes relacionais que atravessam vários grupos sociais e indivíduos contemporâneos que apostam na direção de uma relação interespecífica. Essa problemática é também empírica e epistemológica, pois demarca uma remodelação das diferenças entre natureza e cultura, baseada em uma conjunção de fenômenos invocados a caracterizar os sujeitos (conduta, ações, afetos, comportamento).Palavras-chave: Antropologia da natureza. Agentividade dos animais. Zooterapia. Modalidades de ações.The interspecific relations for human care in the conventional health system: an anthropological analysis of the dynamics of zootherapyAbstractThrough an analysis of the activities developed by zootherapy therapists, presented by the experience of a long-term work of observation, this article proposes to put in question the association of man and animal, in a corpus of knowledge coming from an empirical "ethology" and an elaborate and structured anthropological knowledge corpus. The zootherapy as an animal care mediation is a technique other than an interspecific trivial finding, or an anthropomorphic projection on animals of universally recognized as human categories. It allows us to interrogate about the use of animals and their status as subjects endowed with agentive capacities, alongside a human therapist and in face of a sick person. Based on three case studies contextually located in the cities of Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, we highlight the more general question of the interaction between the empirical data that zootherapy accumulates and social representations that are implicitly mobilized to locate the animal inside of an operative chain. More comprehensively the issue of interest in this paper deals with the practical and relational horizons that cut across social groups and contemporary individuals who bet on the direction of an interspecies relationship. This problem is also empirical and epistemological because it marks a remodel of the differences between nature and culture, based on a combination of phenomena invoked to characterize the subjects (behavior, actions, feelings).Keywords: Anthropology of nature. Animal agency. Zootherapy. Modalities of actions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 024009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Z Vieira ◽  
E Janot-Pacheco ◽  
C Lage ◽  
A Pacini ◽  
P Koutrakis ◽  
...  

Hoehnea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Giampaoli ◽  
Natalie do Valle Capelli ◽  
Armando Reis Tavares ◽  
Francine Faia Fernandes ◽  
Marisa Domingos ◽  
...  

Tillandsia usneoides is an epiphytic bromeliad that has been used as a universal bioindicator. The species accumulates metals and presents foliar scale variations when exposed to air pollutants. This study aimed to use the variations in foliar scales as microscopic markers of pollutant effects in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), São Paulo State, Brazil. T. usneoides plants were exposed for 12 weeks during dry and wet seasons, totaling four exposures, at five sites in the MRC. Samples were selected before each exposure for initial evaluation of the plants (T0). Leaf fragments were fixed in glutaraldehyde and total scale density and anomalous scale percentage were evaluated. Plants exposed in the MRC showed anomalies and changes in number of subperipheral cells of leaf scales. When compared to T0, T. usneoides presented higher total scale density and anomalous scale percentage at disturbed sites, thus the species can be used as a pollution bioindicator for MRC.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e000320
Author(s):  
Jefferson Drezett ◽  
Maria Misrelma Moura Bessa ◽  
Vitor Engrácia Valenti ◽  
Fernando Adami ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Abreu

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena Gomes Coelho ◽  
Meire Maki Akamine ◽  
Raquel Gentil Batista Ribeiro ◽  
Humberto De Paiva Junior

The development of the airport segment faces environmental externalities especially related to the increase in emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from combustion of fossil fuels by the aircraft engine, by the machinery for the maintenance of the planes and also by the vehicles used for passengers connections (private cars, taxicabs or public transportation system). In this scope, the current work presents the case study of the expansion of the Viracopos International Airport at Campinas – São Paulo, Brazil. To evaluate that, the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was implemented to estimate the emissions of GHGs by aircraft for the years 2008 (before expansion), 2012 (current picture) and 2016 (future scenario) observing the changes in demand for passengers and cargo transportation. To evaluate the emissions from the vehicles it was used the AIMSUN microsimulation software to estimate emissions in the years 2012 and to simulate sensitivity scenarios for the year 2016. It was found that the inventory of CO2 emissions for both types of transports considered for Viracopos airport showed similar orders of magnitude, what can be inferred about the equivalent contribution of these two modes on emissions of GHGs for the study area. These results may serve as a basis for establishing emission management plans of air pollutants by the competent organizations and to propose more targeted and effective measures to reduce the GHG emissions by these sources.


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