Phenotypic diversity of bacteria in root nodules of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. (Fabaceae)

Many species belonging to family Fabaceae are able to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Studies developed with Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub., for example, have demonstrated the symbiotic potential of this species. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze the phenotypic characteristics of rhizobia isolated from D. ecastaphyllum and to identify whether these bacterial isolates are capable of establishing symbiotic relationships with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. D. ecastaphyllum seeds were sown in soil samples collected in Japaratinga, Alagoas, Brazil, in three zones located at different distances from the high tide line. At 60 days after the emergence of the plants, nodulation in the roots of D. ecastaphyllum was analyzed and the bacteria were isolated. Subsequently, the phenotypic characterization of the bacteria was carried out based on some criteria (growth time, type of pH, colony color, type of mucus and amount of mucus). For the nodulation test, the species V. unguiculata was used. In total, 17 phenotypic types of bacterial isolates were identified, of which 8 are fast-growing and 9 are intermediate-growth. Regarding the type of pH, 7 phenotypes are acidic pH, 8 are neutral pH and 2 are alkaline pH. As for the coloring of the bacterial colonies, 5 are yellow, 7 white and 5 pink. It was also observed the presence of consistent and aqueous mucus in colonies from the three different areas. Only 7 bacterial phenotypic types and the commercial inoculant were efficient in the nodulation of V. unguiculata.

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GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN 291 MAIZE LINES FROM CIMMYT AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION IN SOUTHERN CORDOBA, ARGENTINA

Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics ◽

10.35407/bag.2019.xxx.01.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

E.A. Rossi ◽

M. Ruiz ◽

M. Di Renzo ◽

N.C. Bonamico

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Environmental Adaptation ◽

Procrustes Analysis ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

CIMMYT maize inbred lines (CMLs) are freely distributed to breeding programs around the world. Better information on phenotypic and genotypic diversity may provide guidance to breeders on how to use more efficiently the CMLs in their breeding programs. In this study a group of 291 CIMMYT maize inbred lines, was phenotyped by nine agro-morphological traits in south Córdoba, Argentina and genotyped using 18,082 SNPs. Based on the geographic information and the environmental adaptation, 291 CMLs were classified into eight subgroups. Anthesis-silking interval (IAE) was the trait with higher phenotypic diversity. A 40% of maize inbred lines, with IAE less than five days, show a good adaptation to growing conditions in south Córdoba, Argentina. The low phenotypic variation explained by environmental adaptation subgroups indicates that population structure is only a minor factor contributing to phenotypic diversity in this panel. Principal component analysis (ACP) allowed us to obtain phenotypic and genotypic orderings. Generalized procrustes analysis (APG) indicated a 60% consensus between both data type from the total panel of maize lines. In each environmental adaptation subgroup, the APG consensus was higher. This result, which might indicate linkage disequilibrium between SNPs markers and the genes controlling these agro-morphological traits, is promising and could be used as an initial tool in the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). Information on genetic diversity, population structure and phenotypic diversity in local environments will help maize breeders to better understand how to use the current CIMMYT maize inbred lines group. Key words: broad-sense heritability, multivariate analysis, SNPs, agro-morphological traits.

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Comparison of nodule endophyte composition, diversity, and gene content between Medicago truncatula genotypes

Phytobiomes Journal ◽

10.1094/pbiomes-10-20-0077-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mannix Burns ◽

Brendan Epstein ◽

Liana Burghardt

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Bacterial Endophytes ◽

Host Genotype ◽

Model Legume ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Functional Assays ◽

Altered Gene ◽

Significant Direct Effect

Leguminous plants form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia. These nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in specialized root organs called nodules. While rhizobia form the most notable host relationship within root nodules, other bacterial endophytes also inhabit these root nodules and can influence host-rhizobia interactions as well as exert effects of their own, whether beneficial or detrimental. In this study, we investigate differences in nodule communities between genotypes (A17 and R108) of a single plant species, the model legume Medicago truncatula. While diversity of endophytes in nodules was similar across hosts, both nodule endophyte composition and gene functional groups differed. In contrast to the significant direct effect of host genotype, neither the presence nor identity of a host in the previous generation (either A17 or R108) had a significant effect on the nodule endophyte diversity or composition. However, whether or not a host was present altered gene functional groups. We conclude that genetic variation within a legume host species can play an important role in the establishment of nodule microbiomes. Further studies, including GWAS and functional assays, can open the door for engineering and optimizing nodule endophyte communities that promote growth or have other beneficial qualities.

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Phenotypic diversity and carcass quality of creole goats with genetic potential for resistance to infection caused by worm

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000700009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 849-857

Author(s):

Vanessa dos Santos Neri ◽

José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento ◽

Laylson da Silva Borges ◽

Tatiana Saraiva Torres ◽

Luciano Silva Sena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Resistance To Infection

Abstract: The objective of this work was to phenotypically characterize creole goats of the Moxotó, Azul, Canindé, Repartida, Marota, and Graúna breeds, comparing them with the Boer, Anglo Nubian, and Alpine exotic breeds, to identify the genetic groups of greater potential for carcass quality and resistance to infection caused by worm. Data on morphometric measurements were obtained for the count of worm eggs in grams of feces (WEGF), Famacha score, carcass measurements, and body weight from 308 animals, in a farm in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Repartida goats showed the highest average for wither height (61.55 cm) and rump height (62.16 cm), and Moxotó goats had the greatest ear length (13.45 cm). The Moxotó breed showed the highest means for carcass and body weight. The lowest average for body weight was observed in Azul goats (24.35 kg), and the lowest WEGF was detected in Repartida goats (200 eggs per gram of feces). The average Famacha score was 2.77. Average linkage was the method that best summarized the information on the morphometric and carcass data. The use of morphometric and carcass measurements provides satisfactory results in the phenotypic characterization of the animals. The Brazilian creole goats, which are considered resistant to worm infection and show high-quality carcass traits, may be indicated for conservation and genetic breeding programs.

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Carbohydratic Fermentation of Bacterial Isolates from Zygophyllaceous and Leguminous Root-Nodules

Nature ◽

10.1038/170276a0 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 170 (4320) ◽

pp. 276-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. MOSTAFA

Keyword(s):

Root Nodules ◽

Bacterial Isolates

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Distribution and Phylogeny of Microsymbionts Associated with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Nodulation in Three Agroecological Regions of Mozambique

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01712-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ifeoma N. Chidebe ◽

Sanjay K. Jaiswal ◽

Felix D. Dakora

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Single Gene ◽

Housekeeping Genes ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Rhizobium Tropici ◽

Symbiotic Efficiency ◽

Content Type ◽

N Nutrition

ABSTRACTCowpea derives most of its N nutrition from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) via symbiotic bacteroids in root nodules. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the diversity and biogeographic distribution of bacterial microsymbionts nodulating cowpea and other indigenous legumes are not well understood, though needed for increased legume production. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution and phylogenies of rhizobia at different agroecological regions of Mozambique using PCR of the BOX element (BOX-PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-RFLP), and sequence analysis of ribosomal, symbiotic, and housekeeping genes. A total of 122 microsymbionts isolated from two cowpea varieties (IT-1263 and IT-18) grouped into 17 clades within the BOX-PCR dendrogram. The PCR-ITS analysis yielded 17 ITS types for the bacterial isolates, while ITS-RFLP analysis placed all test isolates in six distinct clusters (I to VI). BLASTnsequence analysis of 16S rRNA and four housekeeping genes (glnII,gyrB,recA, andrpoB) showed their alignment withRhizobiumandBradyrhizobiumspecies. The results revealed a group of highly diverse and adapted cowpea-nodulating microsymbionts which includedBradyrhizobium pachyrhizi,Bradyrhizobium arachidis,Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense, and a novelBradyrhizobiumsp., as well asRhizobium tropici,Rhizobium pusense, andNeorhizobium galegaein Mozambican soils. Discordances observed in single-gene phylogenies could be attributed to horizontal gene transfer and/or subsequent recombinations of the genes. Natural deletion of 60 bp of thegyrBregion was observed in isolate TUTVU7; however, this deletion effect on DNA gyrase function still needs to be confirmed. The inconsistency ofnifHwith core gene phylogenies suggested differences in the evolutionary history of both chromosomal and symbiotic genes.IMPORTANCEA diverse group of bothBradyrhizobiumandRhizobiumspecies responsible for cowpea nodulation in Mozambique was found in this study. Future studies could prove useful in evaluating these bacterial isolates for symbiotic efficiency and strain competitiveness in Mozambican soils.

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Distinct Signatures in the Receptor Repertoire Discriminate CD56bright and CD56dim Natural Killer Cells

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2020.568927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Vera Schwane ◽

Van Hung Huynh-Tran ◽

Sarah Vollmers ◽

Vivien Maria Yakup ◽

Jürgen Sauter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nk Cells ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Population Level ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Receptor Repertoire ◽

Donor Variability

NK cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse lymphocytes due to variegated expression of a large array of receptors. NK-cell activity is tightly regulated through integration of receptor-derived inhibitory and activating signals. Thus, the receptor profile of each NK cell ultimately determines its ability to sense aberrant cells and subsequently mediate anti-viral or anti-tumor responses. However, an in-depth understanding of how different receptor repertoires enable distinct immune functions of NK cells is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of primary human NK cells by performing extensive phenotypic characterization of 338 surface molecules using flow cytometry (n = 18). Our results showed that NK cells express at least 146 receptors on their surface. Of those, 136 (>90%) exhibited considerable inter-donor variability. Moreover, comparative analysis of CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells identified 70 molecules with differential expression between the two major NK-cell subsets and allowed discrimination of these subsets via unsupervised hierarchical clustering. These receptors were associated with a broad range of NK-cell functions and multiple molecules were not previously associated with predominant expression on either subset (e.g. CD82 and CD147). Altogether, our study contributes to an improved understanding of the phenotypic diversity of NK cells and its potential functional implications on a cellular and population level. While the identified distinct signatures in the receptor repertoires provide a molecular basis for the differential immune functions exerted by CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, the observed inter-individual differences in the receptor repertoire of NK cells may contribute to a diverging ability to control certain diseases.

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Isolation, Identification and Production of Encapsulated Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Study on their Viability

Nepal Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/njb.v7i1.26950 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49

Author(s):

Til Kumari Chhetri ◽

Bijay Raj Subedee ◽

Bijaya Pant

Keyword(s):

Mass Culture ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Essential Feature ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Ph Tolerance ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Nodulation Test

Rhizobium, a nitrogen-fixing bacteria is the essential feature of leguminous plants which is essential for the regeneration of nutrient-deficient soil. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, mass culture and immobilize Bradyrhizoium japonicum in encapsulated form and test their viability. Root nodules were sterilized, grinded and cultured aseptically in YEMA media containing Congo red. The obtained colon was sub-cultured to get a pure culture and different biochemical tests were conducted which proved Bradyrhizobium japonicum as the slow-growing species. The test shows a positive result of catalase production and nodulation test whereas the pH tolerance test shows more tolerance to the acidic pH. Similarly, Bradyrhizaobium japonicum can tolerate 1% and 2% NaCl concentration and it doesn’t show resistance to the penicillin disc of 10mg. The mass culture and encapsulation with sodium alginate adding sucrose as nutrient proved the simplicity for handling. Altogether 548 beads were prepared from the 100ml of the cultured broths which were viable for more than 190 days at 1%, 2% and 3% sucrose concentration but less viable at 5% and 10% sucrose concentration under room temperature.

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Molecular and phenotypic characterization of the vancomycin-resistant gene in bacterial isolates acquired from catheter tips

Cellular and Molecular Biology ◽

10.14715/cmb/2017.63.12.14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Samra Siddiqui ◽

Mohd Saeed ◽

Syed Mohd Faisal ◽

Asma Akhtar ◽

Khan Mohd Sarim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Resistant Gene ◽

Vancomycin Resistant

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Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Fungi in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex from Soybean Roots

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-14-0043-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (12) ◽

pp. 1329-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Margaret L. Ellis ◽

David R. Cruz Jimenez ◽

Leonor F. Leandro ◽

Gary P. Munkvold

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Mating Type ◽

Species Complex ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Soybean Roots ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex

Isolates in the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) from soybean range from nonpathogenic to aggressive pathogens causing seedling damping-off, wilt, and root rot. The objective of this research was to characterize the genotype and phenotype of isolates within the FOSC recovered predominantly from soybean roots and seedlings. Sequence analyses of the translation elongation factor (tef1α) gene and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region, and identification of the mating type loci were conducted for 170 isolates. Vegetative compatibility (VC) tests were conducted for 114 isolates. Isolate aggressiveness was tested using a rolled towel assay for 159 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the tef1α and mtSSU and PCR-RFLP analysis of the IGS region separated the FOSC isolates into five clades, including F. commune. Both mating type loci, MAT1-1 or MAT1-2, were present in isolates from all clades. The VC tests were not informative, because most VC groups consisted of a single isolate. Isolate aggressiveness varied within and among clades; isolates in clade 2 were significantly less aggressive (P < 0.0001) when compared with isolates from the other clades and F. commune. The results from this study demonstrate the high levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the FOSC from soybean but further work is needed to identify characteristics associated with pathogenic capabilities.

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