scholarly journals Morphological and morphometric studies on the scapula and humerus of Binturong (Arctictis Binturong)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
Pranab Chandra Kalita ◽  
Swarup Debroy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Characteristic Features

Natural Habitat of Binturong is the forest remnant of South-east Asia. Common characteristic features of a Binturong are its shout legs, thick black body coat and prehensile tail. After collecting the samples from Aizawl Zoological Park, Mizoram with permission from the Department of Environment, Forest and Climate change, Government of Mizoram, those were macerated by the combination of boiling hot water and HODifferent morphometric parameters of scapula and humerus were measured. Scapula of Binturong was a flat almost square shaped bone with similar width in both dorsal and ventral border with a wide scapular neck, average circumference of which is around 8.04 cm. Average maximum length and width of the scapula of Binturong was 8.81 cm and 6.56 cm, respectively. A small foramen was seen at the neck of the scapula perforating the ventral portion of the scapular spine. Average maximum total length of Binturong Humerus was 12.81 cm. Proximal extremity of the humerus carries a caudally present oval shaped head, average maximum width of which is about 2.05cm. Distal extremity of the Binturong humerus is consists of a supracondylar foramen, a radial fossa, a olecranon fossa, lateral and medial condyle and epicondyle. Since not much work has been done on the related field in this particular animal, therefore this present study was conducted to get the baseline data about the two bones of forelimb in Binturong, which can play a predominant role in disease diagnosis, treatments and other applied fields of veterinary biology.

An Experimental Study of Different Thermal Boxes Heated by Solar Thermal Radiation for Hot Water System at Daytime

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 783-787
Author(s):  
M.Yaakob Yuhazri ◽  
A.M. Kamarul ◽  
A.H. Rahimah ◽  
Sihombing Haeryip ◽  
S.H. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Trapped Air ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Tropical Weather

This research is related to thermal efficient water heating system, specifically to improve the water heating system that exists nowadays. The goal of this research is to improve the current water heating system by using solar heat as the energy source to heat the water. The focus is to improve the thermal efficiency by adding different thermal boxes as the absorber bed. By implementing the black body and radiation concept, the air trapped in the box is heated. The trapped air then increases the collisions between the molecules and directly increases the temperature inside the box, higher than the outside environment. Based on a daytime experimental result revealed steel thermal box is better to be used for tropical weather like Malaysia.

Developmental Pattern and Structural Organisation of Leaf Chloroplasts in Lepidozamia peroffskyana

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Bonatti ◽  
RB Fornasiero
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Weak Light ◽  
Characteristic Features

The ontogenesis of chloroplasts during leaf development in Lepidozamia peroffskyana Regel is described; this cycad lives in the ground layer of the evergreen subtropical closed forest of south-eastern Australia. Characteristic features in young plastids are long bands of multilayered thylakoids, resembling photosynthetic structures of some green algae and ferns. 'Optional' structures, namely prothylakoid bodies and crystalline inclusions, are present in the pre-grana stages, in relation to the slow rate of leaf development. Mature chloroplasts are characterised by a great number of randomly oriented high grana stacks, a lack of starch, a high ratio of appressed to exposed thylakoids, and a low ratio of Chl a to Chl b; these shade features appear coherent with the natural habitat of Lepidozamia. However, since similar structures have been reported in mature chloroplasts of other cycads living in exposed sites, the existence of a genetically superimposed structural pattern is hypothesised, reflecting a primitive adaptation to weak light conditions of this group of ancient seed plants.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Raw and Shodhita (Processed) Danti [Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg] Root

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Rabinarayan Acharya ◽  
Channappa R Harisha ◽  
Siba P Rout
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Fruit Powder

ABSTRACT Introduction Danti, Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh [Syn. Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg], of family Euphorbiaceae is an important herbal drug in the Ayurveda pharmacopoeia of India. In Ayurveda, Samskara (processing) has been shown to increase the efficacy of various drugs. Shodhana (purificatory measures/processing) is one of the steps involved in Samskara. The Charaka samhita describes the Shodhana (processing) of Danti by applying the fruit powder of Pippali (Piper longum L.) along with honey, wrapping it with Kusha (Desmostachya bippinnata Stapf.), and then fomenting it. The root thus obtained is dried under sunrays and then stored for further use. The exact pharmacognostical changes that transpire through Samskara (classical processing technique) remain to be explored scientifically. Hence, an attempt has been made to evaluate the pharmacognostical changes in Danti root, including its powder microscopy. Materials and methods Roots of raw Danti (RD) were collected from its natural habitat (Odisha) after proper botanical authentication. The roots were subjected to Shodhana and four groups of Danti root—RD, classically processed Danti root (CPDR), Kusha-processed Danti root (KPDR), and water-classically processed Danti root (WPDR)—were obtained. The raw and classically processed Danti roots were evaluated for their macroscopic and microscopic characters while RD, CPDR, KPDR, and WPDR were subjected to powder microscopy. The macroscopic powder images of the respective Danti samples was carried out by L*a*b*color-based image segmentation for identification. Results Transverse sections (TS) of CPDR show characteristic features with multilayered, ruptured reddish cork cells and presence of black debris of Pippali adhering to cork cells. Powder microscopy reveals Pippali with stone cells and dark-brownish oleoresin content in the CPDR group. WPDR reveals more swollen sclereids compared with the KPDR group. Macroscopic imaging showed distinct L*a*b* color-based segmentation. Conclusion Pharmacognostical findings of raw and shodhita Danti root will serve as a reference material for future scientific investigation. How to cite this article Rout SP, Harisha CR, Acharya R. Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Raw and Shodhita (Processed) Danti [Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg] Root. J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;2(3):164-174.

Ex situ conservation of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.—an endangered medicinal plant of the Himalaya through mass propagation and its effect on growth and alkaloid content

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subedar Pandey ◽  
Rekha Kushwaha ◽  
Om Prakash ◽  
Amita Bhattacharya ◽  
P.S. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aconitum Heterophyllum ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content ◽  
The Himalaya

The endangered alpine plant Aconitum heterophyllum was conserved under ex situ conditions (greenhouse and open) of Palampur by overcoming seed dormancy and plant establishment through hot water treatment (40–60 °C for 30–120 s) of seeds. High seed germination (88 and 76%) was obtained when seeds were treated with hot water at 45 and 50 °C for 90 s. Correlation studies also revealed that treatment enhanced vegetative growth and reproductive yield of the plants. The total alkaloid content of the roots and rhizomes of the plants growing under ex situ conditions was lower than the ones collected from the natural habitat in the 1-year-old plants. However, in the 2-year-old plants, it was almost at par with the ones collected from nature. The life cycle of the plants growing under ex situ conditions also did not vary largely from the plants growing under in situ conditions. Therefore, the present study indicates the successful adaptation of A. heterophyllum plants in conditions other than their natural habitat and hence its potential for sustainable commercialization.

scholarly journals Density and distribution patterns of the endangered species Pinna nobilis within the harbour bay of Favignana (Egadi Islands MPA)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo D'agostaro ◽  
Stefano Donati ◽  
Renato Chemello
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Harbour Area

The fan shell P. nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) is the largest marine bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea which acts as ecosystem engineer, offering an adequate substratum to several associated benthic species. P. nobilis is threatened by the reduction and loss of its natural habitat and by increased anthropogenic inputs into coastal waters. The knowledge on the population of this species are scarce, especially as concerns Sicily and its coasts. This study focused on the density of population, spatial distribution, level of burial and orientation of the population of P. nobilis in the harbour area of Favignana island (western coast of Sicily, Italy). The fan shell surveys were carried out by SCUBA diving using a 50m-transect line perpendicular to the coastline. For each P. nobilis censused, maximum (W) width, minimum width (w) and unburied length (UL) were measured; shell orientation (Or) was determined using an underwater compass and considering the magnitude of the angle formed by the vector and the magnetic north. The specimen status (dead or alive), the depth (by using the electronic depth meter of a diving computer) were recorded. In addition, the geographical coordinates were marked for each individual along the transect by means of a Global Positioning System (GPS). Total shell height (HT) was estimated using a formula considered suitable for the populations of this studied area. The density of P. nobilis was ±11 ind. 100m2, the total height (HT) and the maximum width (W) of the shells was 33 cm and 13,6 cm respectively. In the aim of the "MPA of Egadi Islands" to confirm the need of a new management to protect the biodiversity of the harbour area, more conservation measures are necessary in order to improve the preservation of this endangered species.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of tibial plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Gyanaranjan Nayak ◽  
Sitansu K. Panda ◽  
Prafulla K. Chinara
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Lateral Condyle ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Superior Surface

Background: Arthritis and injuries of the knee are frequently managed by knee arthroplasty. Knee prosthesis thus used needs population specific appropriate sizing. The aim of the study is to analyse tibial plateau morphometrically.Methods: The study included 46 human tibia bones (28 left and 18 right). The anteroposterior length and transverse width of superior articular surface of both tibial condyles along with the anteroposterior length and transverse measurements of the intercondylar area were noted with digital Vernier caliper. The data was tabulated and analysed.Results: For the superior articular surface of medial condyle, anteroposterior length was found to be 4.12±0.42cm on left side and 4.17±0.50cm on right side; maximum width was found to be 2.81±0.59cm on left side and 2.78±0.34cm on right side. For the superior surface of lateral condyle, the anteroposterior length was found to be 3.92±0.30cm on left side and 3.66±0.31cm on right side whereas maximum width was found to be 3.12±0.68cm on left side and 2.87±0.55cm on right side. Anteroposterior length of intercondylar area was measured to be 4.31±0.40cm on left side and 4.18±0.44cm on right side. The transverse measurement was recorded to be 3.12±0.68cm (left side), 2.87±0.55cm (right side) anteriorly; 1.25±0.23cm (left side), 1.31±0.20cm (right side) in the middle and 1.28±0.39cm (left side), 1.85±0.42cm (right side) posteriorly.Conclusions: The results will be helpful in orthopaedic surgical procedures involving knee.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Rapid Diagnosis of Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. Associated With Bacterial Soft Rot of Vegetables in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Lu Fu ◽  
Changlong Chen ◽  
Wangwang Sun ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Carotovorum Subsp ◽  
Characteristic Features

Pectobacterium carotovorum, a causal agent of vegetable soft rot, contains three valid subspecies: P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (Pcb), and P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum (Pco). Using 16S rDNA sequencing and genus-specific PCR, we identified 72 P. carotovorum strains from Chinese cabbage, bok choy, and celery and assessed their pathogenicity on Chinese cabbage petioles and potato tubers. Based on phylogenetic analysis of pmrA sequences and confirmation by subspecies-specific PCR, the strains were divided into 18 Pcc, 29 Pco, and 25 Pcb. Several characteristic features were also assessed and supported the distinctiveness of the Pco strains. All P. carotovorum strains caused soft rot symptoms on Chinese cabbage and potato, but the Pco strains exhibited the greatest severity. We developed a conventional PCR and a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the identification of Pco based on its specific srlE gene encoding sorbitol-specific phosphotransferase. These two methods could specifically amplify the expected products of 674 and 108 bp, respectively, from all of the Pco strains. The assays demonstrated high sensitivity and could detect as little as 1 and 100 pg/µl of bacterial genomic DNA, respectively. Both assays could also detect the pathogens directly from plant tissues infected with as little as 2.5 × 10−2 CFU/mg of Pco, even before external symptoms appeared. These assays constitute effective tools for disease diagnosis and the rapid identification of soft rot pathogens.

An Experimental Study of Different Thermal Boxes Heated by Solar Thermal Radiation for Hot Water System at Night

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 788-792
Author(s):  
M.Yaakob Yuhazri ◽  
A.M. Kamarul ◽  
Sihombing Haeryip ◽  
S.H. Yahaya ◽  
Raja Izamshah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Trapped Air ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Tropical Weather

This research is related to thermal efficient water heating system, specifically to improve the water heating system that exists nowadays. The goal of this research is to improve the current water heating system by using solar heat as the energy source to heat the water. The focus is to improve the thermal efficiency by adding different thermal boxes as the absorber bed. By implementing the black body and radiation concept, the air trapped in the box is heated. The trapped air then increases the collisions between the molecules and directly increases the temperature inside the box, higher than the outside environment. Based on night experimental results revealed steel thermal box is better to be used for tropical weather like Malaysia.

scholarly journals Anatomical Study of the Facial Recess with Implications in Round Window Visibility for Cochlear Implantation: Personal Observations and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. e281-e291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Jain ◽  
PT Deshmukh ◽  
Pooja Lakhotia ◽  
Sanika Kalambe ◽  
Deepshikha Chandravanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Round Window Membrane ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Facial Recess ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Bones

Introduction Posterior tympanotomy through facial recess (FR) is the conventional and most preferred approach to facilitate cochlear implantation, especially when the electrode is inserted through the round window. The complications of the FR approach can be minimized by proper understanding of the anatomy of the FR. Objective The present study was undertaken to assess the various parameters of FR and round window visibility, which may be of relevance for cochlear implant surgery. Methods Thirty-five normal wet human cadaveric temporal bones were studied by dissection for anatomy of FR and posterior tympanum. Photographs were taken with an 18 megapixels digital camera, which were then imported to a computer to determine various parameters. Results The mean distance from the take-off point/crotch of the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) to the stylomastoid foramen was 4.08 ± 0.8 mm (range of 2.06 - 5.5 mm). The variations in the course of the CTN included origin at the level of the lateral semicircular canal. The mean chorda-facial angle in our study was 26.91° ± 1.19°, with a range of 25° to 28.69°. The mean FR length ranged between 9.4 mm and 18.56 mm (mean of 12.41 ± 2.91mm) and varied with the origin of the CTN and pneumatization of temporal bone. The average maximum width of the FR was 2.93 ± 0.4 mm (range 2.24–3.45 mm) and the mean width of the FR at the level of the round window was 2.65 ± 0.41 mm. Conclusion The FR approach provides good access to the round window membrane in all cases. In some cases, table adjustment is required.

scholarly journals Density and distribution patterns of the endangered species Pinna nobilis within the harbour bay of Favignana (Egadi Islands MPA)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo D'agostaro ◽  
Renato Chemello ◽  
Stefano Donati
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Harbour Area

The fan shell P. nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) is the largest marine bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea which acts as ecosystem engineer, offering an adequate substratum to several associated benthic species. P. nobilis is threatened by the reduction and loss of its natural habitat and by increased anthropogenic inputs into coastal waters. The knowledge on the population of this species are scarce, especially as concerns Sicily and its coasts. This study focused on the density of population, spatial distribution, level of burial and orientation of the population of P. nobilis in the harbour area of Favignana island (western coast of Sicily, Italy). The fan shell surveys were carried out by SCUBA diving using a 50m-transect line perpendicular to the coastline. For each P. nobilis censused, maximum (W) width, minimum width (w) and unburied length (UL) were measured; shell orientation (Or) was determined using an underwater compass and considering the magnitude of the angle formed by the vector and the magnetic north. The specimen status (dead or alive), the depth (by using the electronic depth meter of a diving computer) were recorded. In addition, the geographical coordinates were marked for each individual along the transect by means of a Global Positioning System (GPS). Total shell height (HT) was estimated using a formula considered suitable for the populations of this studied area. The density of P. nobilis was ±11 ind. 100m2, the total height (HT) and the maximum width (W) of the shells was 33 cm and 13,6 cm respectively. In the aim of the "MPA of Egadi Islands" to confirm the need of a new management to protect the biodiversity of the harbour area, more conservation measures are necessary in order to improve the preservation of this endangered species.

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