Salivary diagnostic biomarker for periodontal disease - A review

Periodontitis is chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by persistent bacterial infection affecting the connective tissue attachment and supporting bone around the teeth. As the ability to reconstruct the periodontium is limited after alveolar bone loss, early diagnosis and intervention should be paramount goals of periodontal treatment preventing future disease’s progression. Saliva is a physiologic fluid that contains complex mixture of substances as well as inflammatory biomarkers associated with periodontitis. Conventional clinical criteria are often insufficient for determining sites of active disease, for monitoring the response to therapy, or for measuring the degree of susceptibility to future disease progression. Therefore, the use of saliva has provided a substantial addition to the diagnostic armamentarium as an investigative tool for disease processes. With the current technological advances, together with point-of-care detection systems, salivary analysis will be valued much more highly in the near future. Even though saliva is easy to manipulate with low-cost storage, careful attention must be directed to limit variation in specimen integrity. This review focuses on the biomarkers in saliva that appears to be promising in the future for periodontal diagnosis, as well as some contemporary diagnostic tests available.

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Rapid Point-of-Care Testing for Detection of HIV and Clinical Monitoring

ISRN AIDS ◽

10.1155/2013/287269 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. R. Arora ◽

Megha Maheshwari ◽

B. Arora

Keyword(s):

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Low Cost ◽

Therapy Monitoring ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Timely Access ◽

Initiation Of Therapy ◽

Access To Medical Care ◽

Point Of Care Tests

Reversing and arresting the epidemic of HIV are a challenge for any country. Early diagnosis and rapid initiation of treatment remain a key strategy in the control of HIV. Technological advances in the form of low-cost rapid point-of-care tests have completely transformed the diagnosis and management of HIV, especially in resource limited settings, where health infrastructure is poor and timely access to medical care is a challenge. Point-of-care devices have proven to be easy to transport, operate, and maintain, and also lower-skilled staff is equally able to perform these tests as compared to trained laboratory technicians. Point-of-care tests allow rapid detection of HIV allowing for rapid initiation of therapy, monitoring of antiretroviral therapy and drug toxicity, and detection of opportunistic infections and associated illnesses.

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Biosensing on the Centrifugal Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Disc Platform

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8111360 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1360

Author(s):

Celina M. Miyazaki ◽

Eadaoin Carthy ◽

David J. Kinahan

Keyword(s):

Point Of Care ◽

Low Cost ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Perfect Match ◽

Novel Technologies ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Manual Intervention ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Fluidic Control

Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) biosensors are increasingly a promising solution for many biosensing applications. In the search for a perfect match between point-of-care (PoC) microfluidic devices and biosensors, the LoaD platform has the potential to be reliable, sensitive, low-cost, and easy-to-use. The present global pandemic draws attention to the importance of rapid sample-to-answer PoC devices for minimising manual intervention and sample manipulation, thus increasing the safety of the health professional while minimising the chances of sample contamination. A biosensor is defined by its ability to measure an analyte by converting a biological binding event to tangible analytical data. With evolving manufacturing processes for both LoaDs and biosensors, it is becoming more feasible to embed biosensors within the platform and/or to pair the microfluidic cartridges with low-cost detection systems. This review considers the basics of the centrifugal microfluidics and describes recent developments in common biosensing methods and novel technologies for fluidic control and automation. Finally, an overview of current devices on the market is provided. This review will guide scientists who want to initiate research in LoaD PoC devices as well as providing valuable reference material to researchers active in the field.

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Rapid and Sensitive Point of Care Detection of MRSA gDNA by Nanoelectrokinetic Sensors

10.20944/preprints202104.0086.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rania Oueslati ◽

Yu Jiang ◽

Jiangang Chen ◽

Jie Jayne Wu

Keyword(s):

Point Of Care ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

High Specificity ◽

Hybridization Chain Reaction ◽

Sensor Surface ◽

Ac Electrokinetics ◽

Interdigitated Microelectrodes ◽

Nanostructured Sensor ◽

Point Of Care Detection

Biosensors have shown great potential in realizing rapid, low cost and portable on-site detection for diseases. This work reports the development of a new bioelectronic sensor called AC electrokinetics-based capacitive (ABC) biosensor, for the detection of genomic DNA (gDNA) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ABC sensor is based on interdigitated microelectrodes biofunctionalized with oligonucleotide probes. It uses a special AC signal for direct capacitive monitoring of topological change on nanostructured sensor surface, which simultaneously induce dieletrophoretic enrichment of target gDNAs. As a result, rapid and specific detection of gDNA/probe hybridization can be realized with high sensitivity. It requires no signal amplification such as labelling, hybridization chain reaction, or nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. This method involves only simple sample preparation. After optimization of nano-structured sensor surface and signal processing, the ABC sensor demonstrated fast turnaround of results (~10 s detection), excellent sensitivity (a detection limit of 4.7 DNA copies /µL MRSA gDNA) and high specificity, suitable for point of care diagnosis. As a bioelectronic sensor, the developed ABC sensors can be easily adapted for detection of other infectious agents.

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A paper-based chemiresistive biosensor employing single-walled carbon nanotubes for low-cost, point-of-care detection

Biosensors and Bioelectronics ◽

10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 367-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yu Shen ◽

Thien-Toan Tran ◽

Sidharth Modha ◽

Hideaki Tsutsui ◽

Ashok Mulchandani

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Low Cost ◽

Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Single Walled Carbon ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Point Of Care Detection

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Laboratory evaluation of two point-of-care detection systems for early and accurate detectaion of influenza in the Lao People's Democratic Republic

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.059 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wanitchaya Kittikraisak ◽

Bouaphanh Khamphaphongphane ◽

Sinakhone Xayadeth ◽

Virasack Som Oulay ◽

Viengphone Khanthamaly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽

Point Of Care Detection

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Instrument-Free and Visual Detection of Salmonella Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles and an Antibody Probe Immunosensor

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4645 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liding Zhang ◽

Xuewei Du ◽

Zhixin Chen ◽

Congjie Chen ◽

Nanxin Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Point Of Care ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Portable Detection ◽

Specialized Equipment ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Point Of Care Detection

Salmonella, a common foodborne pathogen, causes many cases of foodborne illness and poses a threat to public health worldwide. Immunological detection systems can be combined with nanoparticles to develop sensitive and portable detection technologies for timely screening of Salmonella infections. Here, we developed an antibody-probe-based immuno-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) bead (AIB) system to detect Salmonella. After adding the antibody probe, Salmonella accumulated in the samples on the surfaces of the immuno-NHS beads (INBs), forming a sandwich structure (INB–Salmonella–probes). We demonstrated the utility of our AIB diagnostic system for detecting Salmonella in water, milk, and eggs, with a sensitivity of 9 CFU mL−1 in less than 50 min. The AIB diagnostic system exhibits highly specific detection and no cross-reaction with other similar microbial strains. With no specialized equipment or technical requirements, the AIB diagnostic method can be used for visual, rapid, and point-of-care detection of Salmonella.

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Developing a Low-Cost, Simple-to-Use Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Circulating Tumour DNA in Human Fluids

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios10110156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Bukola Attoye ◽

Chantevy Pou ◽

Ewen Blair ◽

Christopher Rinaldi ◽

Fiona Thomson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Point Of Care ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dna Amplification ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Wild Type ◽

Point Of Care Test ◽

Improved Outcomes ◽

Circulating Tumour Dna ◽

Amplification Reaction

It is well-known that two major issues, preventing improved outcomes from cancer are late diagnosis and the evolution of drug resistance during chemotherapy, therefore technologies that address these issues can have a transformative effect on healthcare workflows. In this work we present a simple, low-cost DNA biosensor that was developed specifically to detect mutations in a key oncogene (KRAS). The sensor employed was a screen-printed array of carbon electrodes, used to perform parallel measurements of DNA hybridisation. A DNA amplification reaction was developed with primers for mutant and wild type KRAS sequences which amplified target sequences from representative clinical samples to detectable levels in as few as twenty cycles. High levels of sensitivity were demonstrated alongside a clear exemplar of assay specificity by showing the mutant KRAS sequence was detectable against a significant background of wild type DNA following amplification and hybridisation on the sensor surface. The time to result was found to be 3.5 h with considerable potential for optimisation through assay integration. This quick and versatile biosensor has the potential to be deployed in a low-cost, point-of-care test where patients can be screened either for early diagnosis purposes or monitoring of response to therapy.

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