Policy Recommendations to Integrate Environmentally Sound Technologies in National Innovation Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Environmentally Sound

As part of the Poznan Strategic Programme on Technology Transfer, which the Global Environmental Facility funded a regional project, implemented by the IDB. One of the components of this project was executed by Mexicos National Climate Change and Ecology Institute. It carried out two very relevant studies, one on recommendations to integrate climate change technologies into the national innovation systems, and the other on planning tools for climate change. The topics addressed on this document are i) The role of Environmentally Sound Technologies & National Innovation Systems (NIS) in the fight against Climate Change. ii) Greening NIS in LAC: Challenges and Opportunities. iii) Recommendations for the integration of ESTs into NIS.

National Innovation Systems and Innovation in Nations

2020 ◽  
pp. 348-381
Author(s):  
B. Zorina Khan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Long Run

Selective case studies of the post–World War II economy have given rise to claims that national innovation systems, or dirigiste linkages between the state, universities, and industry, are required for technological change and economic growth. The long-run patterns of innovation in the leading nations of Britain, France, and the United States suggest otherwise. Administered systems, where key economic decisions were made by elites, the state, and other privileged groups, typically were associated with monopsonies and the misallocation of resources and talent. By contrast, the American experience highlights the central role of markets in ideas and decentralized incentives for innovation, in concert with flexible open-access adjacent institutions, in promoting useful knowledge and sustained technological progress.

The Third World and Global Environmental Negotiations: Interests, Institutions and Ideas

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Williams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Third World ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Environmental Negotiations ◽  
Global Environmental Politics ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Third World

Marian Miller provided an engaging and persuasive analysis of the role of Third World states in global environmental negotiations. While Miller focused on the strategies of individual states, this article examines the collective agency of the Third World in global environmental negotiations. The first part of the article explores the debates on the continuing relevance of the Third World as a concept, and contends that the Third World retains relevance in the context of global bargaining processes. The second part of the article highlights the role of ideas and institutions in the continued reproduction of the Third World as an actor in global environmental politics. The final part of the article explores the ways in which the negotiations on climate change have tended to reproduce a distinctive Southern perspective.

scholarly journals Efficiency evaluation of BRICS’s national innovation systems based on bias-corrected network data envelopment analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alnafrah
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
System Failure ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Network Data Envelopment Analysis

AbstractThe very limited studies that tried to measure the efficiency of national innovation systems (NISs) in BRICS economies were limited to the assumption that the innovation process at national level consists of one stage only and got different and conflicting results. Therefore, this study endeavours to measure the efficiency of sub-processes within the BRICS’s NISs and identify where the system failure lies in each NIS. Bias-corrected network data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure the efficiency of total NIS and the efficiency of the other sub-processes within the system: (1) knowledge production process (KPP), and (2) knowledge commercialization process (KCP). The results showed that NISs in BRICS economies suffer from low performance in commercializing their outputs of universities and research organizations. While, on the other hand, their performance in creating scientific and technical knowledge is good in comparison to other studied countries. We suggest that the reason behind this imbalance is the network system failure associated with weak institutions and high uncertainty in the economy. In this study, we argue that the problem in BRICS NISs is not a problem of resources, but it is a problem of system management and institutions. Some bridging policies are suggested to be adopted by BRICS economies to improve their innovation performance and overcome the system failure of weak links between universities and industry.

Subsistence Emissions and Luxury Emissions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Shue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted in Rio de Janeiro at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in June 1992 establishes no dates and no dollars. No dates are specified by which emissions are to be reduced by the wealthy states, and no dollars are specified with which the wealthy states will assist the poor states to avoid an environmentally dirty development like our own. The convention is toothless because throughout the negotiations in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee during 1991 to 1992, the United States played the role of dentist: whenever virtually all the other states in the world (with the notable exceptions of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) agreed to convention language with teeth, the United States insisted that the teeth be pulled out. The Clinton administration now faces a strategic question: should the next step aim at a comprehensive treaty covering all greenhouse gases (GHGs) or at a narrower protocol covering only one, or a few, gases, for example, only fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO2)? Richard Stewart and Jonathan Wiener (1992) have argued for moving directly to a comprehensive treaty, while Thomas Drennen (1993) has argued for a more focused beginning. I will suggest that Drennen is essentially correct that we should not try to go straight to a comprehensive treaty, at least not of the kind advocated by Stewart and Wiener. First I would like to develop a framework into which to set issues of equity or justice of the kind introduced by Drennen. It would be easier if we faced only one question about justice, but several questions are not only unavoidable individually but are entangled with one another. In addition, each question can be given not simply alternative answers but answers of different kinds. In spite of this multiplicity of possible answers to the multiplicity of inevitable and interconnected questions, I think we can lay out the issues fairly clearly and establish that commonsense principles converge to a remarkable extent upon what ought to be done, at least for the next decade or so.

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