scholarly journals Un pasaporte hacia la libertad. Súplicas y solicitudes de los exiliados españoles...A Passport to Freedom: Spanish Refugees’ Supplications and Requests...

2016 ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Adámez Castro
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Main Condition ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Writing Culture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas

RESUMEN Tras la derrota republicana en la Guerra Civil fueron muchos los españoles que tuvieron que huir y comenzar una nueva vida. La gran mayoría se asentó en Francia aunque muchos otros optaron por pedir asilo en el continente americano, especialmente en México. Su presidente, Lázaro Cárdenas, puso como condición principal para esta acogida que las instituciones de ayuda a los refugiados, creadas con los fondos de la República española, financiaran los viajes de estos hacia el país azteca, así como su manutención y alojamiento durante los primeros meses de su estancia en dicho lugar. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea se creó el Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE) capitaneado por José Puche, delegación del Servicio de Evacuación de los Republicanos Españoles (SERE) en México. A este Comité llegaron miles de peticiones de ayuda en las que los refugiados mostraban cuáles eran sus necesidades y preocupaciones más urgentes. El análisis de una parte de estas súplicas es el eje central de este trabajo, que pretende demostrar cuál fue el camino que siguieron estas cartas desde su escritura hasta su concesión o negación y qué huellas administrativas pueden encontrarse en las mismas, así como señalar cuáles son sus características esenciales. Gracias al análisis de estas peticiones podremos conocer el funcionamiento interno del Comité y recuperar la historia de los exiliados anónimos, generalmente marginados en buena parte de las obras escritas sobre esta temática.   PALABRAS CLAVE: cartas de súplica, exilio republicano español, México, siglo XX, Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE)   ABSTRACT After the defeat of the Republic in the Spanish Civil War many were forced to flee and begin a new life. Although the bulk of refugees fled to France, many others sought asylum in America, primarily in Mexico. As the main condition for receiving them the President of Mexico at that time, Lázaro Cárdenas, required the aid institutions, created with funds from the Spanish Republic, to pay for the travel, maintenance and accommodation of the refugees during their first months in Mexico. For that reason, the Servicio de Evacuación de los Republicanos Españoles (SERE) decided to create a delegation in Mexico, the Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE), led by José Puche. This Committee received thousands of requests for assistance with what the refugees considered their most urgent necessities. This paper seeks to analyze part of these requests. First, we show the administrative route of the request, leading either to its acceptance or rejection, as well as the administrative traces left by this process on the letters. Second, we analyze the main characteristics of the request. Thanks to the analysis of these requests we gain knowledge of the internal functioning of the Committee and recover the history of the anonymous exiles, generally excluded in a large percentage of the work written on this subject.   KEY WORDS: writing culture, letters of pleading, Spanish Republican exile, Mexico, aid agencies, Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE)

The Second Spanish Republic in soviet and russian studies: specificity, problems, interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-368
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

For many years, representatives of Soviet and then Russian historical science paid special attention to the period of the Second Spanish Republic and, especially, to the events of 1936-1939. The Spanish Civil War was and remains a topic that attracts the attention of specialists and influences the development of a multifaceted Russian-Spanish cultural dialogue. There are significantly fewer works on the peaceful years of the Republic, which is typical not only for domestic science, but also for the historiography of this period as a whole. Four key periods can be distinguished in the formation of the national historiography of the Spanish Republic. The first is associated with the existence of the Republic itself and is distinguished by significant political engagement. The second opens after 1956 and combines the continuity with respect to the period of the 1930s. and, at the same time, striving for objectivity, developing methodology and expanding the source base. The third stage is associated with the period of the 1970s-1980s, the time of the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Spain, as well as the active interaction of historians of the two countries. The fourth stage, which lasted thirty years, was the time of the formation of the Russian historiography of the Second Republic, which sought to get rid of the ideological attitudes that left a significant imprint on the research of the Soviet period. This time is associated with the active archival work of researchers and the publication of sources, the expansion of topics, interdisciplinary approaches. Among the studies of the history of the Second Republic outside Spain, Russian historiography has a special place due to the specifics of Soviet-Spanish relations during the Civil War, and the archival funds in our country, and the traditions of Russian historical Spanish studies, and the preservation of republican memory.

scholarly journals The Spanish Republic’s Diplomatic Mission to Moscow during Civil War. Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-225
Author(s):  
Daniel Kowalsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Poster Art ◽  
Roll Out

The Spanish Civil War played a unique role in the Soviet Union’s geo-political strategies in the second half of the 1930s. The conflict marked the first occasion that Moscow had participated in a foreign war beyond its traditional spheres of influence. But Soviet involvement in the Spanish war went far beyond the sale of armor and aviation to the beleaguered Spanish Republic. While Moscow organized and supported the creation of the International Brigades, on the cultural front, the Soviets sought to roll out a broad program of propaganda, employing film, poster art and music to link the destinies of the Slavic and Hispanic peoples. If scholars have succeeded in recent years to rewrite the history of many components of Soviet participation in the Spanish Civil War, diplomatic relations between the Republic and Moscow remain an unexplored theme. This is the first instalment of a two-part article, unpublished official documents, as well as memoirs, newsreels, private letters and the press, to offer the first narrative history of the Republican embassy in Moscow. The diplomatic rapprochement between the USSR and Spain in 1933 is explored as a prelude to the exchange of ambassadors following the outbreak of the Civil War in summer 1936. The appointment of the young Spanish doctor Marcelino Pascua to a newly recreated Moscow embassy is examined in detail, up to autumn 1937. This article allows the reader hitherto unavailable access to the daily trials, disappointments and occasional breakthroughs experienced by the Spanish Republican ambassador in Stalin’s Soviet Union.

‘Soirées de Barcelone’: towards a performing version

Tempo ◽  
1996 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Calum MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Present Issue ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
Original Title ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

These observations form a long-delayed epilogue to my article ‘Soirées de Barcelone: a Preliminary Report’ in Tempo 139 (December 1981), where I outlined the history of Roberto Gerhard's Catalan ballet, a major score which was then (and remains now) virtually unknown save for the performance of some excerpts. For the work's conception, and its commission from Colonel de Basil's Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo, readers should consult that article, and the article by Julian White in the present issue. This was the work-in-progress – apparently still at that stage bearing its original title Les Feux de la Saint Jean – which Gerhard took with him when the climax of the Spanish Civil War and the fall of the Republic forced him into exile in France in January 1939. He continued to work on it during the following five months he spent in Paris and Meudon.

scholarly journals Proyectando una sociología latinoamericana: el Boletín del Instituto de Sociología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y Francisco Ayala

2017 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Luis A. Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Siglo Xx

El presente artículo plantea recuperar la experiencia del Instituto de Sociolo­gía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y su órgano de publicación, el Boletín del Instituto de Sociología, como punto de apertura a ciertas configuraciones regionales que se direccionaron en la búsqueda de innovaciones en el campo de la sociología. Esta exploración propone re-articular algunos trayectos de una historia social de la sociología latinoamericana en la década del cuarenta del siglo XX y para ello focaliza en las intervenciones, vínculos, búsquedas y propuestas del español Francisco Ayala en el Boletín, puesto que es uno de los referentes en la conformación de un diálogo regional. Palabras clave: sociología latinoamericana, renovación disciplinar, diálogos regionales, tradiciones sociológicas, estatuto científico, Ayala. Projecting a latin american sociology: the Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology of the University of Buenos Aires and Francisco Ayala Abstract This article aims to recover the experience of the Institute of Sociology of the University of Buenos Aires and its publication body, the Bulletin of the Insti­tute of Sociology as an opening to certain regional configurations directed in the search for innovations in the sociology field. This exploration proposes to re-articulate some trajectories of a social history of Latin American sociology in 1940’s and to that end it focuses on interven­tions, links, searches and proposals of the Spaniard Francisco Ayala in the Newspaper, since he is one of the referents in the formation of a regional dialogue. Key words: Latin American sociology, disciplinary renewal, regional dia­logues, sociological traditions, scientific status, Ayala.  Projetando uma sociologia latino-americana: o Boletim do Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade de Buenos Aires e Francisco Ayala Resumo O presente artigo planteia recuperar a experiência do Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade de Buenos Aires e seu órgão de publicação, o Boletim do Institu­to de Sociologia, como ponto de abertura para certas configurações regionais que foram direcionadas para a busca de inovações no campo de sociologia. Esta exploração propõe a rearticular algumas trajetórias de uma história social da sociologia latino-americana na década do 40 do século XX e para isso se concentra nas intervenções, vínculos, buscas e propostas do espanhol Francisco Ayala no Boletim, já que é um dos referentes para a conformação de um diálogo regional. Palavras-chave: sociologia latino-americana, renovação disciplinar, diálogos regionais, tradições sociológicas, código científico, Ayala.

scholarly journals BASADRE Y LA EDUCACIÓN RURAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN CALDAS FIGUEROLA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Education ◽  
Key Words ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Siglo Xx

<h4 class="text-primary">Resumen</h4><p style="text-align: justify;">Jorge Basadre dejó muchos aportes a la cultura nacional. Uno de ellos fue su interés y su trabajo por la educación rural, fue ministro de educación aparte de docente e historiador de la República. Hemos querido investigar qué fuentes y qué autores influyeron en él, para convertirse en un entusiasta de la temática educacional y rural. Esto es parte de una tesis sobre el maestro Encinas y la educación de Puno de principios del siglo XX, para lo cual recurrimos a los archivos de manuscritos de la época y a fuentes bibliográficas, textos del propio Encinas, entrevistas a Basadre. Descubrimos que el maestro JoséA. Encinas fue su gran inspiración, que tuvieron mucha vinculación amical y académica, que pasaron semejantes vicisitudes y compartieron anhelos hacia el Perú rural.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>PALABRAS CLAVE: </strong>* educación * campesinado * Perú</p><h4 class="text-primary">ABSTRACT</h4><p><strong>JORGE BASADRE AND RURAL EDUCATION</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">One of Jorge Basadre’s many contributions to national culture was his interest and work for rural education. Basadre was a Minister of Education as well as teacher and historian of the Republic. We wanted to investigate what sources and authors influenced him; What inspired him to become an enthusiast of educational and rural issues in Peru? This is an abstract of a thesis on Professor Encinas and education in Puno from the beginning of the 20th century. We examine manuscripts and bibliographic sources from the era, as well as texts from Professor Encinas himself. In interviews with Basadre, we discover that Professor José. A. Encinas were his great inspiration. These two teachers shared an academic and amicable friendship, finding unforeseen similarities and shared aspirations for rural Peru.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>KEY WORDS: </strong>* education * peasants * Peru</p>

scholarly journals Proyectando una sociología latinoamericana: el Boletín del Instituto de Sociología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y Francisco Ayala

2017 ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Siglo Xx

El presente artículo plantea recuperar la experiencia del Instituto de Sociolo­gía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y su órgano de publicación, el Boletín del Instituto de Sociología, como punto de apertura a ciertas configuraciones regionales que se direccionaron en la búsqueda de innovaciones en el campo de la sociología. Esta exploración propone re-articular algunos trayectos de una historia social de la sociología latinoamericana en la década del cuarenta del siglo XX y para ello focaliza en las intervenciones, vínculos, búsquedas y propuestas del español Francisco Ayala en el Boletín, puesto que es uno de los referentes en la conformación de un diálogo regional. Palabras clave: sociología latinoamericana, renovación disciplinar, diálogos regionales, tradiciones sociológicas, estatuto científico, Ayala. Projecting a latin american sociology: the Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology of the University of Buenos Aires and Francisco Ayala Abstract This article aims to recover the experience of the Institute of Sociology of the University of Buenos Aires and its publication body, the Bulletin of the Insti­tute of Sociology as an opening to certain regional configurations directed in the search for innovations in the sociology field. This exploration proposes to re-articulate some trajectories of a social history of Latin American sociology in 1940’s and to that end it focuses on interven­tions, links, searches and proposals of the Spaniard Francisco Ayala in the Newspaper, since he is one of the referents in the formation of a regional dialogue. Key words: Latin American sociology, disciplinary renewal, regional dia­logues, sociological traditions, scientific status, Ayala.  Projetando uma sociologia latino-americana: o Boletim do Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade de Buenos Aires e Francisco Ayala Resumo O presente artigo planteia recuperar a experiência do Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade de Buenos Aires e seu órgão de publicação, o Boletim do Institu­to de Sociologia, como ponto de abertura para certas configurações regionais que foram direcionadas para a busca de inovações no campo de sociologia. Esta exploração propõe a rearticular algumas trajetórias de uma história social da sociologia latino-americana na década do 40 do século XX e para isso se concentra nas intervenções, vínculos, buscas e propostas do espanhol Francisco Ayala no Boletim, já que é um dos referentes para a conformação de um diálogo regional. Palavras-chave: sociologia latino-americana, renovação disciplinar, diálogos regionais, tradições sociológicas, código científico, Ayala.

Understanding Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Mary Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Over Time

Any civil war leaves a legacy of partisanship. Divisions persist over time and may be particularly bitter when, as in Spain, a culture of victory survives long after the end of hostilities. Any attempt at reconciliation was postponed, leading to an unusually bifurcated historiography, framed by a perennial interest into who, at base, was responsible for the outbreak of the civil war. The parameters of this debate were set in the 1970s, most notably in works by Stanley Payne and Paul Preston. It has continued in various guises since then, most recently revived by a generation of Spanish scholars, such as Fernando del Rey Reguillo, who have added case studies and new levels of detail, while leaving the terms of the debate more or less unchanged. Of course the historiographical panorama can change, often in tandem with the historical context, as several contributions to this roundtable make clear, notably those of Vjeran Pavlaković, Helen Graham and Giuliana Chamedes. However, the framing of the Spanish Civil War is still essentially moral: who bore responsibility for the outbreak of war, who was to blame for the defeat of the republic and, as a consequence, the conduct of the repression. One result has been to assimilate the history of the civil war with that of the Second Republic; another is a historiography that is largely political in tone and focus.

scholarly journals El retorno desde el exilio republicano español. Una revisión bibliográfica (1977-2018)

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-128
Author(s):  
Pablo Aguirre Herráinz
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Area Of Study

Resumen  El presente artículo realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la cuestión del retorno en el contexto de los estudios acerca del exilio republicano de la Guerra Civil española. Este repaso, ofrecido en clave cronológica, aborda también reflexiones metodológicas y observaciones archivísticas en torno a dicha investigación. Asimismo, se tratan cuestiones relativas a la especificidad propia de este campo de trabajo y sus principales subtemas. La conclusión que se extrae es que si bien el estudio del retorno ha conocido un tempo y una trayectoria coherente dentro del contexto general de los estudios sobre el exilio republicano, todavía subsisten vertientes del regreso poco estudiadas, lo que a la postre genera un campo de estudio desigualmente conocido. Palabras clave  Exilio republicano español, repaso bibliográfico, repatriación y retorno.  Abstract The present article provides a bibliographical review on the question of return among the general studies of the Spanish Civil War republican exile. This review, organized in a chronological format, tackles too methodological reflections and primary sources remarks. Likewise, issues relating to the distinctive nature of return from exile and its principal subthemes are also addressed. The general conclusion is that whereas the study of return processes is consistently integrated into the main pace and tempo of the studies on the Spanish Civil War republican exile, there are still several missing aspects, which ultimately generates an area of study unevenly known.  Key Words  Spanish republican exile, bibliographic summary, repatriation and return migration.  

La polětica de no intervenciňn en la guerra civil espanola

2009 ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
Enrique Moradiellos
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Arms Embargo ◽  
Republican Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vital Factor ◽  
Western Democracies

- The policy of Non-Intervention agreed by all the Europeans Powers with regards to the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 was a serious obstacle to the war effort of the Republican Government and it was also very favourable to the Francoist side. Under the cover of the European arms embargo, Germany and Italy supported General Franco's Insurgent forces from the beginning, while the Western Democracies refused to intervene in the conflict at all. The timely arrival of Soviet help to the Republic was enough to avoid early defeat but not to obtain victory. The consequent system of aids and inhibitions was therefore a vital factor in the course and final outcome of the Spanish struggle.Key words: Spanish civil war, Non Intervention, 1936-1939, appeasement policy, Italo-German Axis, Soviet collective security.Parole chiave: guerra civile spagnola, non intervento, 1936-1939, politica di appeasement, Asse italo-germanica, sicurezza collettiva sovietica.

scholarly journals Una escuela para el odio: los demonios familiares de la Historia de España

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
José Carlos  Bermejo Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Siglo Xx

Resumen  Las historias nacionales son relatos en torno a un protagonista, el pueblo, que permanece vivo a lo largo de los siglos. La historia no se puede escribir sin documentos ni hechos, pero los relatos históricos se estructuran mediante unos meta-relatos, que dan sentido y significado al proceso histórico global. A partir del siglo XV y hasta el siglo XX, las Historias de España se construyeron como relatos acerca de una identidad escindida. Ello se debió al omnipresente miedo a las personas con identidades ocultas: marranos, espías protestantes, traidores y quinta columnistas y luego masones o liberales, nacionalistas y comunistas. Todo ello creó un discurso interminable y generador de odio sobre la traición y los traidores ocultos. Palabras clave  Historia de España, relato, odio, traición    Abstract  National histories are stories about a protagonist, the people, who remain alive throughout the centuries. History cannot be written without documents or facts, but historical accounts are structured through meta-stories, which make sense of and give meaning to the global historical process. From the fifteenth century and until the twentieth century, the History of Spain books were constructed as narratives about a split identity. This was due to the omnipresent fear of people with hidden identities: “marranos”, protestant spies, traitors and fifth columnists and then freemasons or liberals, nationalists and communists. All this created an endless discourse generator of hatred about treason and hidden traitors. Key words  Historia de España, narrative, hatred, treason.

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