Effect of Mercury on the Survival of Daphnia Magna

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brković-Popović
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Time Required

The median lethal time (LT) for each concentration of mercury was determined on the basis of mortality curves. Toxicity curves (i.e., the median life-span of Daphniamagna, LT 50, versus the concentration of mercury) for four tested conditions are shown. The experiments were carried out using two diluents of different total hardness (46 and 119 mg/l as CaCO3), at two temperatures (20°C and 25°C). A comparison of the LT 50s of the control organisms with the LT 50s of the test organisms at mercury concentrations of 0.0075 and 0.0050 mg. l-1 showed that the chemical characteristics and temperatures of the mediums tested did not affect the range of the ‘no effect' concentration. However, the incipient LC 50, and the time required for its appearance, did depend on the combination of the abiotic factors tested.

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

Investigating the process of electrocoagulation in the removal of azo dye from synthetic textile effluents and the effects of acute toxicity on Daphnia magna test organisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 102485
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Lach ◽  
Camila Schwarz Pauli ◽  
Aline Scheller Coan ◽  
Edesio Luiz Simionatto ◽  
Luciano André Deitos Koslowski
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Test Organisms

scholarly journals Aquatic Toxicity Comparison of Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nanowires

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Kyung Sohn ◽  
Seyed Ali Johari ◽  
Tae Gyu Kim ◽  
Jin Kwon Kim ◽  
Ellen Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Silver Nanomaterials ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Test Fish

To better understand the potential ecotoxicological impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) released into freshwater environments, the toxicities of these nanomaterials were assessed and compared using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines, including a “Daphniasp., acute immobilization test,” “Fish, acute toxicity test,” and “freshwater alga and cyanobacteria, growth inhibition test.” Based on the estimated median lethal/effective concentrations of AgNPs and AgNWs, the susceptibility to the nanomaterials was different among test organisms (daphnia > algae > fish), suggesting that the AgNPs are classified as “category acute 1” forDaphnia magna, “category acute 2” forOryzias latipes, and “category acute 1” forRaphidocelis subcapitata, while the AgNWs are classified as “category acute 1” forDaphnia magna, “category acute 2” forOryzias latipes, and “category acute 2” forRaphidocelis subcapitata, according to the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals). In conclusion, the present results suggest that more attention should be paid to prevent the accidental or intentional release of silver nanomaterials into freshwater aquatic environments.

Kelimpahan Kodok Jam Pasir Leptophryne borbonica di Sepanjang Aliran Sungai Cisuren, Bodogol, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dhany Ardiansyah ◽  
Arini Karunia ◽  
Talita Auliandina ◽  
Dien Anugerah Putri ◽  
Mohamad Isnin Noer
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Number Of Individuals

There is high spatial variation in physical and chemical characteristics both within and between streams, some of which has been linked to natural factors. Stream characteristics affect many biological and physical processes. Leptophryne borbonica is stream-dependent toad that spend their life completely in or around stream. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of habitat characteristics on abundance of Leptophryne borbonica in Bodogol, Sukabumi, West Java. Survey was conducted to obtain data on 27 until 29 June 2013 along Cisuren stream of Bodogol. Parameters that used in this study were conductivity, temperature, humidity, and salinity. The findings showed that all physical factors of stream have weak correlation with the abundance of Leptophryne borbonica. Abiotic factors that forming an ecosystem could affect the abundance and distribution of a amphibians species, because amphibians are sensitive to environmental change. Our result suggested that chemical characteristics along this stream were within the range of fundamental niche of Leptophryne borbonica. However, the slightly different in the number of individuals obtained among plots indicated that there were other factors that may be at play.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUVERY RIVER PALLIPALAYAM, ERODE DISTRICT,TAMILNADU

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
S. Uthirasamy* ◽  
T. Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
River Water ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cauvery River ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Human Usage

This study was designed to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of Cauvery river three stations (S1- Domestic sewage release place, S2- Pooja waste release place and S3- People dress washing place. Erode. The parameters were analysed such as Temperature, pH, Colour, Odour, Turbidity, DO2, BOD, COD, Salinity, Total alkalinity and Total hardness. The pH ranged from (8.2 to 8.7), Dissolved oxygen (4.987 to 6.253mg/lit), BOD (13.768 to 17.564mg/lit), as recorded in S1 Place. COD (34.7 to 36.7mg/lit), Calcium (89 to 105mg/lit), Salinity (7.12 to 12.6mg/lit), as observed in S2 place. Total Alkalinity (164 to 198mg/lit), Nitrate (0.32 to 0.45mg/lit) and Phosphate (0.34 to 0.40mg/lit) as analyzed in S3 Place. The nding of the study revealed that the river water is polluted not advisable for human usage without any treatment. This study concluded that the seriousness and responsibility of public to conserve our water resources for healthy living.

scholarly journals Evaluación del riesgo ambiental por petróleo crudo en las especies acuáticas Lemna minor, Daphnia magna y Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Valeska Caja-Molina ◽  
José Iannacone
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
L 96

Los derrames de petróleo ocasionan contaminación en los sistemas acuáticos y generan un problema ambiental grave. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el riesgo ambiental de los derrames de petróleo crudo mediante bioensayos de toxicidad letal y subletal en Lemna minor, Daphnia magna y Danio rerio. Se determinó la toxicidad de los hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH) en la fracción acumulada de petróleo mediante bioensayos con un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) de 6 x 4, con cinco concentraciones, un control y cuatro repeticiones. Las variables analizadas fueron el peso seco y la clorosis (L. minor); la mortalidad y la inmovilidad (D. magna), y la hipoactividad, el escape hacia el fondo y la hipoventilación (D. rerio). Los resultados obtenidos se evaluaron mediante diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) entre las concentraciones y el control. Se determinaron los valores de la concentración en que no se observa efecto por exposición del contaminante (no observed effect concentration, NOEC) de <0,4 y 3,22 mg/L en las variables de clorosis y peso seco para L. minor. En el caso de D. magna, se obtuvo una concentración efectiva media para la inmovilidad (CE50-48h) de 2,74 mg/L y una concentración letal media (CL50-48h) de 6,22 mg/L. En el ensayo con el pez D. rerio, la variable de hipoactividad dio una NOEC y una concentración más baja en la que se observa efecto por exposición del contaminante (LOEC) de 14,28 y 28,61 mg/L a las 96 h de exposición, respectivamente. Los peces mostraron respuesta de escape hacia el fondo a 3,58 mg/L. En cuanto a la hipoventilación, los valores obtenidos de NOEC y LOEC fueron 7,15 y 14,31 mg/L (96 h). Se determinó el siguiente orden de toxicidad decreciente: L. minor (<0,40 mg/L – clorosis 168 h) > D. magna (1,61 mg/L – inmovilidad 48 h) > D. rerio (<3,58 mg/L – escape hacia el fondo 96 h). Todas las variables analizadas presentaron un cociente de riesgo mayor a 1, lo que dejó en evidenció el riesgo acuático ambiental.  

scholarly journals The influence of the biotic and abiotic factors on the state of the parasitic fauna of the hydrobionts in natural waters of the Southern Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
S. Honcharov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrochemical Analysis ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Level Of Invasion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Southern Ukraine

The article observes the results of the scientifi c researches conducted in 2018–2019. 198 samples of the Gobiidae fi shes (Neogobius fl uviatialis Pallas, 1814, Mesogobius batrachocephalus Pallas, 1814, Neogobius melanostomum Pallas, 1814,), as well as 78 samples of other predatory fi shes (Perca fl uviatilis Linnaeus, 1758, Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758, Esox lucius Linnaeus) were subjected to the ihtyopathological analysis with such an aim. The samples were caught in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary near the Dniprovske village and near the Agigol Cape in the Mykolayiv Region. The average index of the invasion extensiveness among the Gobiidae fi shes of the Dnipro-Buh estuary in June counted 26.6%, and the highest level of the invasion intensiveness counted – 94 – 157 metacecaria – the cryptocotyle agents. Following the fi sh-kill in July 2018 it was possible to notice the 114.2 % – decrease of the Gobiidae fi shes population. The level; of the cryptocotyle invasion of these fi shes reached its peak in August, counting 60.3%, and the amplitude of the invasion intensiveness waved between 102 and 211 samples. In June the level of invasion of the predatory fi shes (perch, pike, sander) with eustrongylides counted 63.8%, and the invasion intensiveness reached the highest point among Esox lucius Linnaeus – from 1 to 8 nematoda larvae. The 47.8 % – decrease of the amount of the predatory fi shes caught in the waters of the DniproBuh estuary was noticed after the fi sh-kill. In August the eustrongylide invasion extensiveness counted 84.3%, and the index of the invasion intensiveness was 2–12 parasites. The impact of the fi sh-eating birds on forming the natural focuses of the cryptocotyle and eustrongylide invasions among the main commercial fi shes of the Dnipro-Buh estuary was determined. Hydrochemical analysis of the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary was held separately to determine the reason of the mass fi sh-kill in July 2018. The hydrochemical analysis of the waters of the DniproBuh estuary in July showed contradictions of such points as pH, oxygen, free ammonia, and total hardness to the actual normative legal documents. The inappropriate hydrochemical condition was the reason of the fi sh-kill in the aquatic biological recourses. The infl uence of biotic and abiotic factors on the condition of the parasitic fauna in the researched fi shes of the natural waters of the Southern Ukraine was determined. Key words: gobiidae fi shes, predatory fi shes, abiotioc and biotic factors, cryptocotilosis, eustrongylidosis.

Development, Testing and Implementation of Automated Biotests for the Monitoring of the River Rhine, Demonstrated by Bacteria and Algae Tests

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schmitz ◽  
F. Krebs ◽  
U. Irmer
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms

A joint research project for the development, testing and implementation of automated biotests, capable of rapidly detecting acutely toxic water conditions of the River Rhine, was carried out by several administrative and scientific institutions in Germany. Automated biomonitors working with the test organisms bacteria, algae, water fleas, mussels, and fishes were tested and compared with respect to their sensitivity, reliability, and practical handling under field conditions. Field trials with atrazine and sodium pentachlorophenolate as toxicants were performed on the River Rhine. Threshold values and LOEC-values (Lowest observed effect concentration) were determined to compare the test specific sensitivity of the test systems. From 1990 to 1992 various biomonitors were tested in monitoring stations on the river Rhine and in a mobile laboratory container on the rivers Rhine and Main. Results of bacteria and algae tests are presented.

Quantifying Shedding and Degradation Rates of Environmental DNA (eDNA) from Pacific Crown-of-thorns Seastar (Acanthaster cf. Solaris)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lok Ting Kwong ◽  
Cecilia Villacorta-Rath ◽  
Jason Doyle ◽  
Sven Uthicke
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Population Outbreaks ◽  
Two Temperatures

Abstract Population outbreaks of the corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastar (CoTS; Acanthaster spp.) are significant threats to the Indo-Pacific reefs. Although recent research demonstrated that environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques could improve CoTS monitoring and management, the interpretation of surveillance results has been limited by uncertainties about eDNA dynamics in aquatic environments. Here, we aimed to identify biotic and abiotic factors affecting the shedding and degradation rates of CoTS eDNA. Using laboratory-raised 8-month-old juvenile CoTS, aquarium experiments were conducted to test the effect of two temperatures (24 and 28°C) and three feeding treatments (no food, food available and food inaccessible) on eDNA shedding rate. Additionally, CoTS eDNA degradation rate was quantified under three temperatures (24, 26 and 28°C). We found that eDNA shedding rate was affected by feeding treatment (p < 0.0001) but not temperature. Specifically, the shedding rate under food accessible treatment was about 7 times higher than that of food inaccessible treatment (p < 0.0001), whereas the presence of coral reduced the shedding rate by half (food inaccessible vs no food, p = 0.0249). Degradation of CoTS eDNA was rapid (half-life = 14h) and not affected by temperature. Our results demonstrated that feeding activity increased eDNA release, but some of the released DNA was lost potentially due to binding to coral surface mucus layer or skeleton. The rapid degradation rate indicated that results of eDNA surveillance likely reflects recent and local occurrence of CoTS. Although further testing is needed, this study provided support for using eDNA as a novel detection tool for early life stages of CoTS on coral reefs.

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