A Study on the Final Demand-Final Output Model and the Economically Induced Effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Ho Un Gim
Keyword(s):  
Final Demand ◽  
Final Output

Planning with Semi-input-output Method with Empirical Application to Nigeria. By Arie Kuyvenhoven. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Social Sciences Division. 1978. xi + 266 pp.

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Planning Models

Input -output analysis is being widely used in developing countries for planning purposes. For a given level of final demand, input-output analysis allows us to project the required level of gross output to ensure consistency of plan. These projections are made on the assumption that the existing production structure is optimal and it implies that an increase in demand will be met through the expansion of domestic output even when it can be satisfied through an increase in imports. On the other hand, according to the semi-input-output method, we do not have to increase the output of international sectors in order to meet the increase in demand because the level and composition of these activities should be determined by comparative- cost considerations. These are the only national sectors in which output must increase in order to avoid shortage. The semi-input -output method has been such a useful and important contribution, yet, regrettably, its influence on the planning models had been rather limited.

scholarly journals Redistribution of ground subtracks for aircraft noise calculations

Noise Mapping ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Olivier Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Lower Number ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Geometric Matching ◽  
Final Output

AbstractFor aircraft noise calculations, lateral flight dispersion is commonly represented by means of subtracks – a backbone track and side-tracks to each side of the backbone track – where each subtrack is assigned a movement percentage. Aircraft noise calculations impose quality demands on these subtracks, while the latter are often created based on limited information.This paper presents a method to increase flexibility when designing subtracks. The method allows to redistribute subtracks geometrically, allowing for the design of simplified track representations, for instance through a lower number of subtracks and very basic indications of movement allocations. The method is based on the geometric matching of the initial subtracks and on the estimation of the lateral movement distributions for both input and final output subtracks. No restrictions on the number of sub-tracks or on the shape of the distributions are needed, neither for the input nor for the output. A number of examples of the redistribution and its effect on aircraft noise calculations are discussed.

scholarly journals 2D printed multicellular devices performing digital and analogue computation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sira Mogas-Díez ◽  
Eva Gonzalez-Flo ◽  
Javier Macía
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
End User ◽  
Paper Surface ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Analogue Circuits ◽  
Analogue Computation ◽  
Cellular Circuits ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Digital Or

AbstractMuch effort has been expended on building cellular computational devices for different applications. Despite the significant advances, there are still several addressable restraints to achieve the necessary technological transference. These improvements will ease the development of end-user applications working out of the lab. In this study, we propose a methodology for the construction of printable cellular devices, digital or analogue, for different purposes. These printable devices are designed to work in a 2D surface, in which the circuit information is encoded in the concentration of a biological signal, the so-called carrying signal. This signal diffuses through the 2D surface and thereby interacts with different device components. These components are distributed in a specific spatial arrangement and perform the computation by modulating the level of the carrying signal in response to external inputs, determining the final output. For experimental validation, 2D cellular circuits are printed on a paper surface by using a set of cellular inks. As a proof-of-principle, we have printed and analysed both digital and analogue circuits using the same set of cellular inks but with different spatial topologies. The proposed methodology can open the door to a feasible and reliable industrial production of cellular circuits for multiple applications.

scholarly journals Method of value chain mapping with international input–output data: application to the agricultural value chain in three Greater Mekong Subregion countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Unit Structure ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion

AbstractExtending the technique of unit structure analysis, which was originally developed by Ozaki (J Econ 73(5):720–748, 1980), this study introduces a method of value chain mapping that uses international input–output data and reveals both the upstream and downstream transactions of goods and services, as well as primary input (value added) and final output (final demand) transactions, which emerge along the entire value chain. This method is then applied to the agricultural value chain of three Greater Mekong Subregion countries: Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The results show that the agricultural value chain has been increasingly internationalized, although there is still room to benefit from participating in global value chains, especially in a country such as Cambodia. Although there are some constraints regarding the methodology and data, the method proves useful in tracing the entire value chain.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Fuzzy Activity-Based Life Cycle Costing

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Freselam Mulubrhan ◽  
Ainul Akmar Mokhtar ◽  
Masdi Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Operation Cost

A sensitivity analysis is typically conducted to identify how sensitive the output is to changes in the input. In this paper, the use of sensitivity analysis in the fuzzy activity based life cycle costing (LCC) is shown. LCC is the most frequently used economic model for decision making that considers all costs in the life of a system or equipment. The sensitivity analysis is done by varying the interest rate and time 15% and 45%, respectively, to the left and right, and varying 25% of the maintenance and operation cost. It is found that the operation cost and the interest rate give a high impact on the final output of the LCC. A case study of pumps is used in this study.

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