scholarly journals Method of value chain mapping with international input–output data: application to the agricultural value chain in three Greater Mekong Subregion countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Unit Structure ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion

AbstractExtending the technique of unit structure analysis, which was originally developed by Ozaki (J Econ 73(5):720–748, 1980), this study introduces a method of value chain mapping that uses international input–output data and reveals both the upstream and downstream transactions of goods and services, as well as primary input (value added) and final output (final demand) transactions, which emerge along the entire value chain. This method is then applied to the agricultural value chain of three Greater Mekong Subregion countries: Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The results show that the agricultural value chain has been increasingly internationalized, although there is still room to benefit from participating in global value chains, especially in a country such as Cambodia. Although there are some constraints regarding the methodology and data, the method proves useful in tracing the entire value chain.

Measuring economies’ pivotability on the global value chain under the perspective of inter-country input–output network

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150289
Author(s):  
Lizhi Xing ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Dawei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Edge Based ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Under the dual background of trade disputes between China and the United States and the epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus, the existing Global Value Chain (GVC) division and trading system are facing unprecedented impact. This paper reinforces the present studies on international trade by analyzing the fragments of GVC, which are made of numerous Inter-Country Input–Output (ICIO) relations. We first redefine the inter-country and inter-sector propagating process of intermediate goods, coming up with the concept of Strongest Relevance Path Length (SRPL) based on Revised Floyd–Warshall Algorithm (RFWA). Second, enlightened by betweenness centrality, we introduce Weighted Betweenness Centrality of Edge based on RFWA to measure the Value-Added Pivotability of Input–Output Relations, which brings forth pivotability at domestic, international, and global levels. The results show how much a given country can influence the world economic pattern by linking worldwide upstream and downstream industrial sectors, be it at home or abroad. Also, we can try to explain what is the cause of the phenomenon that the economic influence of nations is trading off and taking turns with all sorts of local or even global evens happening.

scholarly journals Competitive Conditions in Global Value Chain Networks: An Assessment Using Entropy and Network Analysis

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Angelidis ◽  
Evangelos Ioannidis ◽  
Georgios Makris ◽  
Ioannis Antoniou ◽  
Nikos Varsakelis
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Sector Structure ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Weighted Degree ◽  
The World ◽  
Weighted Degree Centrality

We investigated competitive conditions in global value chains (GVCs) for a period of fifteen years (2000–2014), focusing on sector structure, countries’ dominance and diversification. For this purpose, we used data from the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) and examined GVCs as weighted directed networks, where countries are the nodes and value added flows are the edges. We compared the in-and out-weighted degree centralization of the sectoral GVC networks in order to detect the most centralized, on the import or export side, respectively (oligopsonies and oligopolies). Moreover, we examined the in- and out-weighted degree centrality and the in- and out-weight entropy in order to determine whether dominant countries are also diversified. The empirical results reveal that diversification (entropy) and dominance (degree) are not correlated. Dominant countries (rich) become more dominant (richer). Diversification is not conditioned by competitiveness.

Accounting for carbon emissions associated with tourism-related consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiwei Tang ◽  
Shouzhong Ge
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Table ◽  
Goods And Services

This article explores the issues of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions resulting from the production of the goods and services provided to supply tourism consumption. First, we define the scope of tourism activities and the resulting tourism consumption and tourism direct gross value added (TDGVA). Second, we calculate CO2 emissions for sectors and compile a carbon input-output table (CIOT). Third, we adjust the tourism-related products consumed according to the range of the corresponding sectors of the CIOT. Finally, we use Shanghai as an example to calculate the carbon emissions that result from tourism consumption using the input-output model. This study shows that the TDGVA accounted for 7.97% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2012, whereas the carbon footprint of tourism accounted for 20.45% of total carbon emissions. The results demonstrate that tourism is not a low-carbon industry in Shanghai.

scholarly journals PERAN INDONESIA DALAM RANTAI NILAI GLOBAL PRODUK ELEKTRONIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Rizki Putri Nurdiati ◽  
Rina Oktaviani ◽  
Sahara Sahara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Electronic Industry ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Manufacture Sector

Globalization has transformed the structure of industry into global integration of socalled global value chains (GVCs). Some literatures suggest that electronic industry is known as a successful industry in establishing global value chain. Electronic industry is one of leading cluster in driving economic growth in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the role of Indonesia in electronic global value chain according to its share towards global electronic industry, linkages, and value added distribution. An input output analysis by using the Asian International Input Output Table 2005 was employed to analyze the share of each country in electronic global value chain, inter-sector linkages, value added, also output and income multiplier. The result showed that Indonesia had low participation in electronic global value chain. Indonesia’s output share was the lowest among all countries which resulted in low valueadded acquisition. Indonesia played the role as the input user from the various sectors. It is suggested that Indonesia electronic manufacture sector should be integrated with the input supplier sectors. Electronic computing equipment sector can be the main priority in enhancing Indonesia electronic manufacture sector since it has the biggest effect to economic growth. Keywords: electronic, global value chain, Indonesia, input output analysis

scholarly journals The structure and evolution of production, employment and human capital in Portugal: an input‑output approach

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Lopes ◽  
João Ferreira Do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Demand Structure

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the structure and evolution of production, employment and human capital in Portugal, using an inter‑industry approach. A descriptive analysis of the sector composition of gross output, value added and employment is made, followed by a quantification of changes in relative labour productivity and primary input content of final demand components. Next, the evolution of employment multipliers is quantified, as well as the structure of labour force qualifications by sector. Although remarkable improvements have been achieved in the past, the low educational levels of its workers, on average, remains one the main vulnerabilities of Portugal in the global and knowledge economy of our days. In this context, the main contribution of the paper is the quantification of human capital requirements of final demand changes by component. Using an input ‑output approach combining sector productivities and labour qualifications, output multipliers and final demand structure, it is possible to quantify the growth in employment by level of qualification resulting from a unitary growth of private and public consumption, investment and exports. This exercise is made for 1995 and 2008, using input‑output domestic flow tables from INE and DPP and employment qualifications from Quadros de Pessoal database.

scholarly journals A Probe into the Status of the Oil Palm Sector in the Malaysian Value Chain

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Fathin Faizah Said ◽  
Sharifah Nur Ainn Syed Roslan ◽  
Mohd Azlan Shah Zaidi ◽  
Mohd Ridzwan Yaakub
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Network Visualization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Input Factor ◽  
High Level

A ban on palm oil imports by the European Union has become a problematic issue, especially for palm oil producers’ countries. Oil palm has been widely used in many sub-sectors, and any changes in the production side may affect many sectors that use oil palm as an input factor in their productions. This study explores the chain of the oil palm sector on the other sub-sectors in Malaysia by using a value-added multiplier method and network modeling. The study focuses on the specific oil palm sub-sector and oils and fats sub-sector in the Malaysian economic structure based on the Malaysian Input-Output 2015 Table. Network visualization and all the analyses involving network methods were developed and performed using UCINET and GEPHI software. The value-added multiplier results explained that the net value between output multiplier and import multiplier is vital to depict the real impact of net resources used as an input factor in the oils and fats and oil palm sub-sectors. The high-density value level shows that the Malaysian oil palm sector has high connectivity in the economic system. From the network visualization analysis, the oils and fats sub-sector has a high level of integration with other sectors within the network. Meanwhile, the oil palm sub-sector categorized in the periphery structure group has a low level of integration in the input-output network. This is due to the high value-added demand for oil palm in the oils and fats sub-sector in the manufacturing sector. Overall, most of the sub-sectors in Malaysia are highly interconnected due to the high clustering ratio. Therefore, ensuring sufficient oil palm production is vital for sustainable production of other sub-sectors.

scholarly journals The operation of the Hungarian broiler product chain

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
László Szőllősi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Profit Distribution ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Major Factors

The general objective of this paper is to present the inner connections of the broiler product chain and the process of value generation in the economic situation of 2007. I introduce the input-output model of the broiler product chain adapted from macro-economic analysis, in which I calculated the direct connections of the product chain phases and between the national economic branches outside the chain. Then I point to the disproportion of the product chain through the profit distribution. Moreover, to evaluate the process of the value generation I demonstrate the value added generated along the value chain (year 2007). On the basis of the results 825 EUR of value added is realized to one ton of ready product (chicken meat), from which the major portion is shared by processing. The paper also determines the added value and the major factors influencing its ratio within the product chain.

scholarly journals An Input–Output Analysis of Sectoral Specialization and Trade Integration of the Western Balkans Economies

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mandras ◽  
Simone Salotti
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Smart Specialisation ◽  
Potential Impact

The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it uses the available official Input–Output data for the Western Balkans economies to estimate the output and value added multipliers of the sectors identified as being either current or emerging strengths within the context of Smart Specialisation. These multipliers indicate the potential impact of changes in final demand for certain products and sectors. This permits the identification of the industries associated with high indirect and induced effects, and to form ideas about the sectoral interdependencies of the economies. For instance, it appears that many sectors related to construction are promising in terms of economic potential related to demand-side monetary injections in Albania. Second, a Multi-Regional dataset is used to investigate the international integration of the Western Balkans economies in terms of participation in the Global Value Chains. The latter has increased over time in the region, but it appears that some economies are benefitting relatively more than others from it.

PERBEDAAN TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI: IMPLIKASI PADA KONTEN FAKTOR PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA-AMERIKA SERIKAT

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Berlian Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Factor Content ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
The U.S

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan teknologi produksi antara Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Indonesia, khususnya untuk mengestimasi intensitas faktor produksi pada perdagangan bilateral kedua negara berdasarkan persyaratan Leamer (1980). Model penelitian mengacu pada definisi konten faktor perdagangan dari Trefler & Zhu (2010) berdasarkan data World Input-Output Database (WIOD) yang diuji dengan asumsi teknologi sama dan pada saat teknologi berbeda. Dalam konten faktor perdagangan bilateral, upah pekerja AS 16 kali upah pekerja Indonesia, namun secara total, rata-rata akses modal tenaga kerja AS 23 kali rata-rata akses modal tenaga kerja Indonesia dan nilai tambah dari tenaga kerja di AS 35 kali lebih tinggi dibanding di Indonesia. Dengan memperhitungkan produktivitas faktor produksi berdasarkan nilai tambah tersebut, ternyata Indonesia padat modal dan AS padat karya; dan disimpulkan juga bahwa teknologi produksi yang digunakan di AS berbeda dengan di Indonesia. Selama 2000-2009, sebagian besar, yaitu sekitar 84,57% dari 35 sektor produksi yang diamati adalah padat modal. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tenaga kerja, penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar modal dan teknologi yang baru diprioritaskan ke sektor-sektor yang masih rendah produktivitasnya seperti sektor pertanian sehingga pada gilirannya akan menambah volume dan nilai tambah ekspor Indonesia. This study aims to compare the production technology between the United States and Indonesia, especially to estimate the factor intensity of production on bilateral trade based on the Leamer’s requirements (1980). The research model refers to the definition of trade factor content of trade of Trefler and Zhu (2010) based on data from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The model was tested based on two technology assumptions, similar technology and different technology. On the bilateral trade factor content, the labor prices of the U.S. was 16 times than Indonesian; however in overall, the average of capital access per labor of the U.S. was 23 times than Indonesian and the labor productivity in the U.S. was 35 times higher than in Indonesia. By accounting the production factors productivity based on value-added in exportimport of goods and services, Indonesia is capital intensive and the U.S. is labor intensive; and the production technology used in the U.S. is unlike that one used in Indonesia. In the period of 2000-2009, the production sectors, which are classified as capital intensive are around 84.57 percent. To increase labor productivity, the study recommends that the new capital stocks and technology should be prioritized to the sectors that are still low in productivity such as agriculture, which in turn will increase the volume and exports value-added of Indonesia.

A COMPARISON OF PRODUCER, CONSUMER AND SHARED RESPONSIBILITY BASED ON A NEW INTER-COUNTRY INPUT–OUTPUT TABLE CAPTURING TRADE HETEROGENEITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (02) ◽  
pp. 295-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUEMEI JIANG ◽  
QUANRUN CHEN ◽  
CUIHONG YANG
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Output Table ◽  
Domestic Use

In this paper, we employed a new inter-country input-output table where China’s productions are differentiated into domestic use, processing exports and non-processing exports (WIOD-DPN table), to compare the CO2 emissions responsibilities of 13 major regions under producer, consumer and shared accounting systems. The results show that the CO2 emissions responsibility of advanced countries would become less when the accounting system is changed from a consumer system to a shared system, while that of emerging countries are on the contrary. The degree of these changes depends on the value-added received by the production countries from the global value chain.

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