scholarly journals Employment Models of Platform Companies in Norway: A Distinctive Approach?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Jesnes
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

The past decade has seen an increase in ‘platform companies’ functioning as the intermediary between workers and customers.The way these companies structure the labour process has significant implications for working conditions. In this article, we ask: In what ways does platform work in Norway differ from standard employment relationships? And do different employment strategies of platform companies put workers in precarious situations? The article builds on qualitative interviews with CEOs of platform companies in Norway, and aims to contribute to the literature by formulating a typology of the employment models of platform companies emerging in the Nordic countries. The platforms’ employment models are compared to the standard employment relationship and precariousness. Finally, the article suggests that institutions matter for why some platform companies adopt elements of the standard employment relationships as they appear in the Nordic labour market models, and discusses the implications of this.

The grey zone and labour market dynamics in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Giraud ◽  
Arnaud Lechevalier
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

In this article, we define the ‘grey zone’ as the proliferation of categories of employment and the growing dissonance between those categories and the realities of the labour market. Against the background of the weakening of the standard employment relationship, and going beyond the dualism of the labour market, there are three processes by which the employment norm is differentiated: the institutionalisation of new employment categories by public authorities, the influence of collective norms on the framing of employment categories by organised groups such as unions and employers’ associations, and the uses of those norms by social actors such as companies. In this article, we first describe the evolution of the German labour market over the past 20 years. We then shed light on the dynamics of the grey zones of employment in Germany by drawing on two strands – self-employment and traineeships – and by distinguishing the three differentiation mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Case for Broadening the Ambit of Restraint of Trade and for Focusing on Reasonableness

2016 ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Connor Bildfell
Keyword(s):  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Restraint Of Trade

The jurisprudence in the area of restraint of trade reveals inconsistencies concerning what falls within the ambit of a restraint of trade. In addition, the modern employment relationship is of a radically different nature than the employment relationships of the past. This article reviews the historical approach and discusses some recent Canadian jurisprudence on restraint of trade. In light of changes to the employment landscape, this article proposes modifications to the court’s characterization of “restraining” provisions and directs more emphasis towards reasonableness and the interest-balancing process. It concludes with an application of the proposed test for an unreasonable restraint of trade and a defence of the proposed alterations.

scholarly journals The Entrapment of Migrant Workers in Servile Labour: The Case of Live-in Domestic Workers from Ukraine in Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Xypolitas
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Subjective Element ◽  
Emotional Demands

<p>The article presents an effort to analyze the entrapment of migrant domestic workers in their low-status jobs. This will be done by looking at the consequences of live-in domestic work on migrant women from Ukraine working as servants in Athens. The study utilizes a Marxo-Weberian framework that focuses on both working conditions and perceptions of migrant workers. It is argued that the emotional demands of domestic work result in migrants perceiving their tasks as an extension of familial relationships and obligations. These employment relationships are defined as ‘pseudo-familial’ and form the basis of deference in domestic work. Combined with the structural barriers in the labour market, deference represents the subjective element of the entrapment of migrants in their job.</p>

scholarly journals Universitetsuddannelsens relevans i samfundsvidenskabelige studerendes perspektiv

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez Skardhamar ◽  
Charlotte Baarts
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
University Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

Det seneste årti har oplevet et stærkt fokus fra politikernes side på den praktiske relevans af universitetsuddannelser, og dette fokus har ofte været baseret på en snæver forståelse af 'praktisk relevans’ som jobspecifikke kompetencer. Men et svar på spørgsmålet om, hvad der udgør jobspecifikke kompetencer, forudsætter en evne til at se ind i fremtiden og se, hvad det fremtidige arbejdsmarked vil kræve af studerende. Imidlertid tyder nyere uddannelsesforskning på, at de relevante, jobspecifikke kompetencer rettet mod behovene på arbejdsmarkedet bør fokusere på 'eksistentiel uddannelse’ snarere end jobspecifikke og snævert skræddersyede færdigheder. På baggrund af kvalitative interviews med sociologi- og antropologistuderende undersøger vi de studerendes opfattelser af forholdet mellem deres universitetsstudier og det fremtidige arbejdsmarked. Især ser vi på hvilke elementer af deres uddannelse, de studerende opfatter som relevante, herunder hvilken form for læring, de tror, vil være nyttig med hensyn til mulige jobfunktioner, de vil komme til at udfylde på et fremtidigt arbejdsmarked. In the past decade politicians have emphasized the importance of practical relevance in university programmes. This focus has often hinged on a narrow understanding of 'practical relevance' as job-specific competencies. Defining job-specific competencies is, however, more complex than it may first seem, since it requires an ability to look beyond current requirements and see what the future labour market will demand of students. Recent educational research suggests that relevant job-specific competences tailored to the needs of the labour market should focus on 'existential training', rather than job-specific and narrowly tailored skills. Using the outcomes of qualitative interviews with sociology and anthropology students, we examine the students’ perceptions of the relationship between their university studies and the future labour market. In particular, we look at what elements of their education the students understand to be relevant, including the type of learning they believe will be useful for possible job functions after leaving education.

scholarly journals My talent or yours? A labour process analysis of talent management in practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-199
Author(s):  
Chitalu Kabwe ◽  
Smita Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Work Intensification

The article empirically examines the experiences of managers and employees involved in talent management practices. Our empirical aim is to explore the ways in which high-potential employees might also be exposed to a degradation of their employment relationship. We make a theoretical contribution by analysing talent management practices through the conceptual lens of labour process theory. Labour process theory is part of a well-established Marxist approach and we extend this framework to analyse talent management practices in industrial capitalism to offer new insights into how these practices are changing the employment relationships via augmented managerial control and work intensification. Using an employer–employee perspective, we use qualitative data from three multinational companies based in Europe. Our findings indicate the widespread use of ‘softer’ forms of control, alongside work intensification and a general illusion of opportunity and expectations, thus degrading and hollowing out the employment relationship. In effect, talent management practices are increasing workplace pressure through uncompensated talent development activities and are paradoxically debilitating the employment relationships for the ‘talented’ employees.

The Age of Increased Precarious Employment: Origins and Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Wayne Lewchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

This chapter explores why employment rules and norms took the form they did, the prevalence of precarious employment in the labour market today, and the social implications of the era of Increased Precarious Employment. The employment norms associated with the era of Increased Precarious Employment represent one component of a broader shift to a neoliberal form of social organization. The chapter begins by reviewing the factors that led to the transition from the Standard Employment Relationship and the forces that shaped the employment relationship in the era of Increased Precarious Employment. It then examines debates over how to measure the prevalence of the precarious workforce, before considering the impact of precarious employment on households, families, and communities. The chapter looks at the findings of the Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario research group.

The standard employment relationship in the information society

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

In the view of most authors, the long-established standard employment relationship (SER) has little future in the information society as external structural change comes to replace internal structural change. This article shows that, contrary to these beliefs in most industrialised countries, employment relationships have tended to become more stable in recent years, particularly among skilled workers, for the reason that spatial proximity and close social communication is gaining increasing importance in knowledge-based work. The author identifies the following six different causes underlying improvements or deterioration in the SER: (1) Flexibilisation of product markets, (2) rising female employment rates, (3) combination of education/training and work, (4) rising educational levels among the working population, (5) labour market regulation and deregulation, and (6) the employment situation. Changes in the SER are not being driven solely by the computerisation of production but also by other, very different forces which are at least as significant as technological change. The article concludes with an alternative paradigm taking as its starting point a new balance of internal and external mobility. As an alternative to the "Anglo-Saxon" model of the deregulated labour market, the author proposes a revitalisation of internal and occupational labour markets.

scholarly journals Is Precarious Employment Low Income Employment? The Changing Labour Market in Southern Ontario

Just Labour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Lewchuck ◽  
Stephanie Procyk ◽  
Michelynn Lafleche ◽  
Dan Rosen ◽  
Diane Dyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Relationship Norms ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

This paper examines the association between incomeand precariousemployment, how this association is changing and how it is shaped by gender andrace. It explores how precarious employment has spread to even middle incomeoccupations and what this implies for our understanding of contemporary labourmarkets and employment relationship norms. The findings indicate a need to refineour views of who is in precarious employment and aneed to re-evaluate the natureof the Standard Employment Relationship, which we would argue is not onlybecoming less prevalent, but also transitioning into something that is less secure.

scholarly journals Legal change and labour market restructuring in Western Europe and the US

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
Market Restructuring

The major changes that have taken place in the New Zealand labour market since 1984, and which are reflected in recent changes to the welfare system, are not unique and follow trends that have developed in other OECD countries in the last decade. One of the most significant of these trends is legislative and other moves to encourage greater "efficiency" in the labour market. Deregulation, involving the withdrawal of legal guarantees of employment protection and union organization, is only one of the techniques which governments have used in an attempt to promote labo,ur market flexibility over the past decade. In continental Europe new forms of employment and the flexibilization of working time have been encouraged without dismantling the framework of employment rights. In many cases this has involved an extended role for collective bargaining and worker representation at plant and company level. In the US and Britain, by contrast, flexibility has been pursued at the cost of destabilizing the employment relationship, undermining training and job quality.

scholarly journals Precarious, always-on and flexible: A case study of academics as information workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Allmer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring ◽  
Political Realities

The higher education landscape has changed in the past decades. The neoliberal restructuring of universities has led to transformations such as reducing public expenditure, allocating resources based on competition and quasi-market disciplines. These structural transformations have also an effect on the working conditions, practices and relations of subjects within universities. Questions that need to be addressed: How do different working contexts and conditions in the academia shape feelings of autonomy, flexibility and reputation on one hand and precariousness, overwork and dissatisfaction on the other? What are the broader political realities and potentials in terms of solidarity, participation and democracy at universities? I address these questions based on a theoretical analysis and qualitative interviews with precariously employed academics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document