The Age of Increased Precarious Employment: Origins and Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Wayne Lewchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

This chapter explores why employment rules and norms took the form they did, the prevalence of precarious employment in the labour market today, and the social implications of the era of Increased Precarious Employment. The employment norms associated with the era of Increased Precarious Employment represent one component of a broader shift to a neoliberal form of social organization. The chapter begins by reviewing the factors that led to the transition from the Standard Employment Relationship and the forces that shaped the employment relationship in the era of Increased Precarious Employment. It then examines debates over how to measure the prevalence of the precarious workforce, before considering the impact of precarious employment on households, families, and communities. The chapter looks at the findings of the Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario research group.

scholarly journals Is Precarious Employment Low Income Employment? The Changing Labour Market in Southern Ontario

Just Labour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Lewchuck ◽  
Stephanie Procyk ◽  
Michelynn Lafleche ◽  
Dan Rosen ◽  
Diane Dyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Relationship Norms ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

This paper examines the association between incomeand precariousemployment, how this association is changing and how it is shaped by gender andrace. It explores how precarious employment has spread to even middle incomeoccupations and what this implies for our understanding of contemporary labourmarkets and employment relationship norms. The findings indicate a need to refineour views of who is in precarious employment and aneed to re-evaluate the natureof the Standard Employment Relationship, which we would argue is not onlybecoming less prevalent, but also transitioning into something that is less secure.

scholarly journals Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 276-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Benda ◽  
Ferry Koster ◽  
Romke J. van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unemployment Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Job Competition

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how active labour market policy (ALMP) training programmes and hiring subsidies increase or decrease differences in the unemployment risk between lesser and higher educated people during an economic downturn. A focus is put on potential job competition dynamics and cumulative (dis)advantages of the lesser and higher educated. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses multi-level data. The fifth wave (2010) of the European Social Survey was used and combined with macro-level data on labour market policies of the OECD. The sample consisted of 18,172 observations in 19 countries. Findings The results show that higher levels of participation and spending on training policies are related to a smaller difference in the unemployment risks of the educational groups. Higher training policy intensity is associated with a lower unemployment risk for the lesser educated and a higher unemployment risk for the higher educated. This implies that the lesser educated are better able to withstand downward pressure from the higher educated, thereby, reducing downward displacement during an economic downturn. Hiring subsidies do not seem to be associated with the impact of education on unemployment. Originality/value The paper adds to the discussion on ALMP training and hiring subsidies that are primarily rooted in the human capital theory and signalling theory. Both theories ignore the social context of labour market behaviour. The job competition theory and cumulative (dis)advantage theory add to these theories by focussing on the relative position of individuals and the characteristics that accompany the social position of the individual.

From Europe as a model to Europe as austerity

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes Augusto Costa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Europe

Twenty five years after Portuguese EU accession, the labour market in general and the trade unions in particular are faced with severely regressive social measures that undermine past expectations of progress towards the achievement of the Social Europe project in Portugal. Thus, on the one hand, this article identifies some of the ambitions and possibilities earlier opened up for the Portuguese labour market, as well as trade union attitudes to European integration. It is argued, on the other hand, that, in the context of the economic crisis and the austerity measures to which Portugal is subjected, the sense of Portugal’s backwardness in relation to the ‘European project’ has become more acute. The article accordingly focuses on and examines some of the austerity measures and certain controversial issues associated with them. In a final section, the impact of austerity on labour relations and the reactions of social partners, in particular the trade unions, are analysed.

PANDEMIC AND RUSSIAN BEHAVIOR. SOCIOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Galina A. Tsvetkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the specifics in the behavior of modern Russians during the coronavirus, which has become a socially topical issue, instantly covering the territories of various subjects of Russia. The publication is based on sociological studies of various levels, as well as publications of the mass media, which allowed for formulating the main patterns that were regularly manifested during the epidemic and considering its typical effects on the social organization of people. The results of a comparative analysis of the impact of the epidemic on human behavior today and a hundred years ago are presented. To that end the results of research conducted in the area by P. Sorokin are used.

Gender and the JRME

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-659
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fennema ◽  
Laurie E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Journal Editor ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Sensitive Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Researchers must assume the responsibility for the impact that their work will have on society as a whole, and work in the sensitive area of sex-related differences does have an impact. Any author who writes or any journal editor who makes publication decisions must consider the social implications of all publications. (Fennema, 1981, p. 384)

The standard employment relationship in the information society

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Standard Employment Relationship

In the view of most authors, the long-established standard employment relationship (SER) has little future in the information society as external structural change comes to replace internal structural change. This article shows that, contrary to these beliefs in most industrialised countries, employment relationships have tended to become more stable in recent years, particularly among skilled workers, for the reason that spatial proximity and close social communication is gaining increasing importance in knowledge-based work. The author identifies the following six different causes underlying improvements or deterioration in the SER: (1) Flexibilisation of product markets, (2) rising female employment rates, (3) combination of education/training and work, (4) rising educational levels among the working population, (5) labour market regulation and deregulation, and (6) the employment situation. Changes in the SER are not being driven solely by the computerisation of production but also by other, very different forces which are at least as significant as technological change. The article concludes with an alternative paradigm taking as its starting point a new balance of internal and external mobility. As an alternative to the "Anglo-Saxon" model of the deregulated labour market, the author proposes a revitalisation of internal and occupational labour markets.

scholarly journals The situation of geography teachers on the labour market in Poland: overt and covert issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Danuta PIRÓG ◽  
◽  
Adam HIBSZER ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Position ◽  
The Impact

Economic, social and cultural changes generate new challenges on the labour market for teachers in every country. Poland has recently witnessed significant changes in factors that were identified in literature as crucial to the situation of teachers on the labour market, such as systemic reforms, demographic trends, the overall situation on the labour market and occupational prestige. The scale and impact of some of these factors can be precisely measured and statistically accounted for, yet there are others that remain somehow hidden. The objective of the article is to present and analyse the current situation of geography teachers in Poland, taking into account the impact of both overt and covert factors. The paper is based on an analysis of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected during our own research on online job advertisements and revolved around information on the real demand for geography teachers. Secondary data were official reports and statistics related to the social and professional standing of teachers in Poland. The analysis proves that in the last ten years the population of teachers has aged and experienced a drop in real wages. There has also been an increase in staff turnover and patchwork careers. Moreover, we have observed that it is highly unlikely to secure a full-time position as a geography teacher and that there have been huge fluctuations in the prestige of geography as a school subject. The identified changes can result in a shortage of qualified geography teachers in the short term, particularly in cities

The robot in the window seat

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Buell Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Workplace Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to point to some emerging workplace issues relating to the increasing collaboration between human and robot workers. As the number of human workers shrinks and that of robots increases, how will this change the dynamics of the workplace and human worker motivation? Design/methodology/approach The approach of this paper is to examine recent academic, business and media writings on the subject of artificial intelligence and robotics in the workplace to identify gaps in our understanding of the new hybrid work environment. Findings What the author has found is that although there are numerous voices expressing concerns about the replacement of human workers by robots, there has not as yet been a substantive study of the impact on human workers of sharing their work life with robots in this environment. Research limitations/implications The findings in this paper are limited by the fact that they are drawn from a review of the secondary literature rather than from primary research and are therefore speculative and anecdotal. Practical implications The practical implications of the findings are to suggest that it is time to establish a systematic and standardized method for analyzing and measuring the impact on human workers of operating in an environment increasingly populated by automated co-workers. Social implications The author suspects that the social implications will be to suggest that as a human society we will need to establish psychologically and culturally valid means for coping with this new work environment, and the author believes some of the findings may well prove counter intuitive within the social context of work. Originality/value The author does not believe there is any substantial work addressing the social, psychological or cultural implications of humans working besides robots on a daily basis.

What does Mobile Mean?

2011 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Russell Beale
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a perspective on what it really means to be mobile - why being mobile is different. It looks at the technological and physical implications, but really considers the broader issues: the social implications, the impact that data on the move can have on people, and the use of mobile devices as sensors that can drive intelligent, contextual systems that provide a much more effective experience for the user than existing systems do.

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