scholarly journals Revisiting the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder among Omani Children: A multicentre study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watfa Al-Mamari ◽  
Ahmed B. Idris ◽  
Samar Dakak ◽  
Muna Al-Shekaili ◽  
Zuwaina Al-Harthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Royal Hospital ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Objectives: This study aimed to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among Omani children. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted from December 2011 to December 2018. Data were retrieved from the three main autism diagnostic centres in Oman: Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Royal Hospital and Al-Massarah Hospital. The ASD diagnosis was made by experienced clinicians based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The overall population prevalence estimates per 10,000 children aged 0–14 years old in Oman were calculated using the denominator of the mid-period population data. Results: A total of 1,705 ASD cases were identified with the majority of cases being male (78.1%). The overall prevalence rate of ASD was estimated at 20.35 per 10,000 children (95% confidence interval: 19.39–21.32) between 2012–2018. Boys were found to have a 3.4-fold higher prevalence of ASD than girls (31.23/10,000 versus 9.07/10,000). Regionally, the majority of cases were found in the capital, Muscat, where the highest prevalence was 36.51 cases per 10,000 children. Conclusion: The prevalence of ASD among Omani children is 15-fold higher than estimates from 2011. This increase can be attributed to improvements in diagnostic services, increased awareness of ASD, better screening programmes and changes in diagnostic criteria. In addition, this increase in prevalence suggests a need for a registry of developmental disabilities and more extensive diagnostic and rehabilitation services in Oman.Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Oman.

Structure, longitudinal invariance, and stability of the Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Autism Spectrum Disorder scale: Findings from Generation R (Rotterdam)

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Rescorla ◽  
Akhgar Ghassabian ◽  
Masha Y Ivanova ◽  
Vincent WV Jaddoe ◽  
Frank C Verhulst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Over Time

Although the Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5’s 12-item Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Autism Spectrum Problems Scale (formerly called Pervasive Developmental Problems scale) has been used in several studies as an autism spectrum disorder screener, the base rate and stability of its items and its measurement model have not been previously studied. We therefore examined the structure, longitudinal invariance, and stability of the Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Autism Spectrum Problems Scale in the diverse Generation R (Rotterdam) sample based on mothers’ ratings at 18 months ( n = 4695), 3 years ( n = 4571), and 5 years ( n = 5752). Five items that seemed especially characteristic of autism spectrum disorder had low base rates at all three ages. The rank order of base rates for the 12 items was highly correlated over time ( Qs ⩾ 0.86), but the longitudinal stability of individual items was modest (phi coefficients = 0.15–0.34). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the autism spectrum disorder scale model manifested configural, metric, and scalar longitudinal invariance over the time period from 18 months to 5 years, with large factor loadings. Correlations over time for observed autism spectrum disorder scale scores (0.25–0.50) were generally lower than the correlations across time of the latent factors (0.45–0.68). Results indicated significant associations of the autism spectrum disorder scale with later autism spectrum disorder diagnoses.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder screening with the CBCL/1½–5: Findings for young children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Rescorla ◽  
Breanna M Winder-Patel ◽  
Sarah J Paterson ◽  
Juhi Pandey ◽  
Jason J Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
High Risk Children

The screening power of the CBCL/1½–5’s Withdrawn and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems (DSM-PDP) scales to identify children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 24 months was tested in a longitudinal, familial high-risk study. Participants were 56 children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder due to an affected older sibling (high-risk group) and 26 low-risk children with a typically developing older sibling (low-risk group). At 24 months, 13 of the 56 high-risk children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, whereas the other 43 were not. The high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder group had significantly higher scores on the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems and Withdrawn scales than children in the low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder groups [Formula: see text]. Receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded very high area under the curve values (0.91 and 0.89), and a cut point of T ⩾ 60 yielded sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 97% to 99% between the high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and the combination of low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Consistent with several previous studies, the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems scale and the Withdrawn syndrome differentiated well between children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and those not diagnosed.

scholarly journals The Alert Collector: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Guide to the Latest Resources

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Michele Frasier-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

Since the early 1990s there has been a steady escalation in the numbers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—today it is considered the fastest growing developmental disability in the United States. In 2010, it was estimated that 1 in 68 children were affected by autism spectrum disorder. This is an increase of approximately 120 percent from the data collected ten years earlier. Identifying it as one of six neurodevelopmental disorders, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) describes autism spectrum disorder as “a series of developmental disabilities characterized by impaired social communication and interaction skills, accompanied by the existence of repetitive behaviors or activities, such as rocking movements, hand clapping or obsessively arranging personal belongings.”

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Past, Present, and Future

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Mirenda
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Social Communication Disorder

Abstract This paper describes recent changes to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) that may affect AAC service availability to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Social Communication Disorder, a new diagnostic category. In addition, it provides a summary of research on the proportion of individuals with ASD who do not develop functional speech and, thus, rely on AAC. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of conventional literacy instruction for this population, with specific attention to the need to provide alternatives to handwriting, based on recent research.

scholarly journals Applicability Degree of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders –the 5 the Edition (DSM V) on Children Enrolled in Autism Centers in Jordan

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Badarneh ◽  
Jamil Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V

This study aims to investigate the applicability of the diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM V) on the children enrolled in selected autism centers in Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers applied the scale of the (DSM V) on the children with autism spectrum disorder. The scale consisted of (30) items distributed on two areas. The first area is a lasting impairment in the social communication and interaction. The second area includes behavioral patterns and definite, repetitive and stereotyped interests and activities. The validity and reliability were extracted and calculated using the re-test application method, which amounted to (88.0) as well as the internal consistency, which reached to (94.0). The scale was also applied on the study samples that were represented by (300) children through the responses of the (94) teachers regarding the children with autism spectrum disorder. The results showed that the applicability of the diagnostic criteria of the autism spectrum in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM V) on the children was low by (36.3%) with total occurrences of (109) children who suffered from the autism spectrum disorder, and (63.7%) of children on whom the two criteria were not applicable with a total of 191 children.

scholarly journals Associations between autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders with and without self-induced vomiting: an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Numata ◽  
Akiko Nakagawa ◽  
Kazuko Yoshioka ◽  
Kayoko Isomura ◽  
Daisuke Matsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Although approximately 23% of anorexia nervosa (AN) patients have concomitant autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is clinically difficult to determine ASD coexistence in patients with eating disorders. Restrictive AN is more common in younger patients and self-induced vomiting usually appears during adolescence/young adulthood, in order to prevent gaining weight caused by overeating. However, some patients are tolerant of weight gain even if they start overeating. It is important to understand the essential difference between those who vomit and those who do not vomit. In this study, we hypothesised that the absence of self-induced vomiting may be associated with the presence of ASD and aimed to assess the presence of ASD traits in each eating disorder (EDs). Clarifying this association helps to consider the coexistence of ASD in the clinical setting and can lead to the next detailed ASD evaluation, and as a result, helps to determine the appropriate treatment and support individually. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 43 females aged 15–45 years who attended Chiba University Hospital between 2012 and 2016 using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to quantify the severity of the EDs and to identify whether ASD traits were present. Results There was no difference in the AQ score between bingeing-purging type AN and restricting type AN. However, there was significant difference in the AQ score between bulimia nervosa and binge EDs (BED). Of the 4 ED subtypes, BED had the highest ASD traits. The non-vomiting group with illness duration < 4 years had a significantly higher AQ communication score than the vomiting group with illness duration ≥4 years. Conclusions There was a difference in the AQ score by the presence or absence of self-induced vomiting. The results of this study suggest an association between high scores on AQ and non-vomiting. Thus, evaluation of patients for the absence of self-induced vomiting while assessing them for EDs may help us to understand the association with ASD traits.

scholarly journals Assessment of racial and ethnic bias in autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates from a US surveillance system

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1927-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Imm ◽  
Tiffany White ◽  
Maureen S Durkin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

This study assessed potential under-ascertainment of autism spectrum disorder due to missing administrative information for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children within the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. We analyzed data from two Network sites (Colorado and Wisconsin) for surveillance years 2012 and 2014 to determine whether children excluded from autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates due to missing residency and other information differed from those included by race and ethnicity. We used multiple approaches to impute missing information to evaluate impacts on racial and ethnic disparities in autism spectrum disorder prevalence. Compared with confirmed autism spectrum disorder cases, those excluded due to missing residency were more than twice as likely to be Hispanic (19% vs 44%; p < 0.002), yet the number of cases excluded due to missing residency information was too small to account for prevalence differences. Confirmation of autism spectrum disorder case status was more likely for children with relevant health records than for those with school records only. Moreover, relevant health records were more likely to be missing for Black and Hispanic children than for White children. Observed disparities in autism spectrum disorder prevalence were not accounted for by missing demographic data, but may reflect disparities in healthcare access for developmental evaluations.

scholarly journals Potential Impact ofDSM-5Criteria on Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence Estimates

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Maenner ◽  
Catherine E. Rice ◽  
Carrie L. Arneson ◽  
Christopher Cunniff ◽  
Laura A. Schieve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Potential Impact
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