scholarly journals Biocontrol and growth promotive potential of Streptomyces spp. in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Suseela Bhai ◽  
A. Lijina ◽  
T. P. Prameela ◽  
P. B. Krishna ◽  
Anushree Thampi
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Slow Decline

Actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of black pepper and from vermicompost were tested for their antagonistic effect against <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> and <em>Radopholus similis</em>, the causal agents of foot rot and slow decline diseases of black pepper. Based on <em>in vitro</em> evaluations, four isolates were shortlisted (IISR Act2, IISR Act5, IISR Act6, and IISR Act9) and subjected to<em> in vivo</em> evaluation for <em>Phytophthora</em> infection by challenge inoculation and also greenhouse evaluation for growth promotion in black pepper. Rooted plants of black pepper were raised in soil amended with Actinomycetes strains individually and in combinations in portray and were transplanted into earthenware pots containing potting mixture amended with respective actinomycetes keeping un-amended plants as control. Observations were recorded on growth parameters like plant height, root weight, shoot weight and root infection by nematodes. Besides, soil was also analyzed for pH, dehydrogenase activity, EC and NPK content to know the influence of actinomycetes on soil microflora as well as on nutrient status. The results showed that consortia are more effective than individual isolates. Consortia holding IISR Act5+IISR Act9 were found highly effective in enhancing all the growth parameters followed by IISR Act2+ IISR Act9 and IISR Act2 + IISR Act5. The dehydrogenase activity was found higher in these consortia showing the higher microbial metabolic activity. Root lesions were also negligible in these treatments. Being effective in growth promotion as well as antagonistic activity, the isolates were tested for plant growth promotion and biocontrol traits. Among the isolates, IISR Act9 was found highly efficient in IAA production (119μg/ml) when compared to IISR Act2 (36.25μg/ml) and IISR Act5 (32.4μg/ml). Hence based on the growth promotive and pathogen suppressive effect, the consortia of either IISR Act5+IISR Act9 , IISR Act2+IISR Act9 or IISR Act2+IISR Act5 can be effectively used in black pepper for growth promotion and biological control of foot rot and slow decline diseases. The potential actinomycetes were identified as <em>Streptomyces</em> spp. as per Bergey’s manual and rpoB gene sequence similarity of which IISR Act2 is identified as <em>Streptomyces</em> sp., IISR Act9 as <em>Streptomyces</em> <em>albus</em> and IISR Act5 as <em>Streptomyces</em> sp.

scholarly journals Combined Application of Rhizosphere Bacteria with Endophytic Bacteria Suppresses Root Diseases and Increases Productivity of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sy Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Huyen Trang Trinh ◽  
Trung Dzung Tran ◽  
Tinh Van Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Van Chuyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Central Highland

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the most important crops and global demand continues to increase, giving it a high export value. However, black pepper cultivation has been seriously affected by a number of pathogenic diseases. Among them, “quick wilt” caused by Phytophthora sp., “slow decline” caused by Fusarium sp., and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne sp. have a serious negative effect on black pepper growth and productivity. There have been different chemical and biological methods applied to control these diseases, but their effectiveness has been limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate different combinations of rhizosphere bacteria and endophytic bacteria isolated from black pepper farms in the Central Highland of Vietnam for their ability to suppress pathogens and promote black pepper growth and yield. Formula 6, containing the strains Bacillus velezensis KN12, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DL1, Bacillus velezensis DS29, Bacillus subtilis BH15, Bacillus subtilis V1.21 and Bacillus cereus CS30 exhibited the largest effect against Phytophthora and Fusarium in the soil and in the roots of black pepper. These bio-products also increased chlorophyll a and b contents, which led to a 1.5-fold increase of the photosynthetic intensity than the control formula and a 4.5% increase in the peppercorn yield (3.45 vs. 3.30 tons per hectare for the control). Our results suggest that the application of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria is a promising method for disease control and growth-promotion of black pepper.

Growth enhancement of black pepper (Piper nigrum) by a newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis NII-0943

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Dastager ◽  
C. Deepa ◽  
Ashok Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Bacillus Tequilensis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
The Western Ghats

AbstractA Gram positive, rod-shaped potential strain was selected from the pool of bacterial isolates obtained from the Western Ghats forest (India) on the basis of zone of P-solubilization activity. Identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain is of Bacillus species, sharing highest sequence similarity to Bacillus tequilensis NRRL B-41771T (99.5%). Strain NII-0943 was able to produce good amount of indole acetic acid (IAA) and was positive for siderophore production. In addition to IAA and siderophore attributes, strain NII-0943 also possessed the characteristics like Ca3(PO4)2 solubilization and growth in nitrogen-free medium. Seed inoculation with the strain NII-0943 resulted in significantly higher root initiation in black pepper cuttings grown under pots. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in both soil and plant were also enhanced significantly in treatments inoculated with these bacterial inocula. Hence, based on this evidence it is proposed that strain NII-0943 could be deployed as a plant growth-promoting inoculant to attain the desired results of bacterization.

Effect of bioinoculants on growth parameters of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) at nursery stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
S. V. Patil ◽  
S. B. Gurumurthy ◽  
G. R. Rajakumar ◽  
A. Prashantha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum

Virulence of Phytophthora isolates from Piper nigrum L. and their sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Vinitha, M. Anandaraj and R. Suseela Bhai
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

<p>Foot rot disease caused by <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> in black pepper is the most destructive disease. A total of 82 isolates from the National Repository of <em>Phytophthora</em> at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research were evaluated for their sensitivity to metalaxylmancozeb and also tested for their virulence. Of the 82 isolates studied, 19 (23.2%) were highly sensitive to metalaxyl-mancozeb and six (7.3%) were comparatively insensitive (EC<sub>90</sub> value &gt;40 ppm; range 41.3 to 68.5 ppm). The isolates also varied in the degree of virulence, viz., 34 (41.5%) were highly virulent, 39 (47.6%) moderately virulent, 4 (3.7%) mildly virulent, and 5 (6.1%) non-virulent. There was neither any significant correlation between sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb and virulence nor with the geographical location<strong>. </strong></p>

scholarly journals EFIKASI SERBUK TUMBUHAN DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA DI LAPANGAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Cipta Ginting ◽  
Dad R.J. Sembodo ◽  
Herry Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Whole Plants

The efficacy of plant powder to control foot rot on black pepper in field condition. One of the problems in cultivating black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is foot rot caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian (P. palmivora MF4), that could kill the plants in only few days especially during rainy season.  The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of several plant powder to control the disease in semi-field condition.  The experiment was conducted at the experiment station located at the campus of the University of Lampung from May to October of 2000.  The semi-field condition was made by pushing a barrel into the soil to isolate the field soil as testing medium from the rest of the field soil.  The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications and consisted of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, Alpinia galanga, and Kaempferia galanga, whole plant of Cymbopogon citratus and Elephantopus scaber, metalaxyl, and untreated control.  To prepare the plant powder, each material was cut into small pieces then dried in oven at 50o C for 4 days and then ground in a blender.  The powder was applied 3 days after inoculum infestation.  The powder and inoculum was mixed with soil to the depth of 12 cm so that the soil contained 2% each.  After one week, four plants were planted.  As additional bioindicator to detect infective inoculum, eight leaf portions were pressed into the soil so that half of the leaf was bellowed the soil line.  The plants were watered and observed daily.  To determine viable fungal propagules, soil sample was taken weekly for five weeks.  Soil assay was done with dilution technique using PDA supplemented with rosebengal.  The results of the observation show that the treatments did not influence significantly the disease intensity on leaf portions or the whole plants.  There were no significant differences on viable fungal propagules in soils received different treatments.

scholarly journals Karakteristik morfologi dan sebaran tipe kawin Phytophthora capsici asal lada di Pulau Jawa

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Bahru Rohmah ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Dyah Manohara ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Special Region

Morphology characters and mating types distribution of Phytophthora capsici from black pepper in Java IslandPepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most important spice crops in Indonesia.  Recently its production declining due to infection of foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen has two different mating types, namely A1 and A2, in which the presence of opposite two mating types is important for sexual reproduction and formation of oospores. The movement of pepper seedling from one area to another is highly facilitated alteration of  mating type distribution map of P. capsici. The objectives of this research were to determine the morphological characteristics and the spread of mating types of P. capsici in Java. Morphology characters of P. capsici isolates were indicated by variation in sporangial size and shape, as well as types of colony appearance. The length (l) and width (w) of sporangium were in the range of 15.1–76.2 µm and 9.8–44.8 µm, respectively; while the l/w ratio was 1.12–2.27. Mating type assay showed that A2 type was more dominantly found than A1 type. This study found two different mating types present in the same area, i.e. Regency of Pacitan (East Java) and Regency of Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta). The findings of this research suggested that it is required more strict control strategy on the mobilization of black pepper seedling particularly in the area where the certain mating type is not found yet so that the emergence of new more virulent genotype of pathogen can be prevented.

Development of a promising interspecific hybrid in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) for Phytophthora foot rot resistance

Euphytica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vanaja ◽  
V. P. Neema ◽  
K. P. Mammootty ◽  
R. Rajeshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot

scholarly journals KORELASI ANTARA AGRESIVITAS INOKULUM SPORANGIA DENGAN TOKSISITAS FILTRAT Phytophthora capsici ASAL TANAMAN LADA (Piper nigrum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
CHAERANI CHAERANI ◽  
DYAH MANOHARA
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Penggunaan varietas lada tahan penyakit paling praktis dan efektif<br />untuk menekan serangan Phytophthora capsici, penyebab penyakit busuk<br />pangkal batang (BPB) lada, tetapi varietas lada tersebut belum tersedia.<br />Seleksi dini ketahanan lada dapat dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan<br />inokulum sporangia atau filtrat biakan P. capsici. Tujuan penelitian ini<br />ialah membandingkan agresivitas inokulum sporangia dengan toksisitas<br />filtrat biakan (FB) P. capsici. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai<br />September 2009 di laboratorium Biokimia BB Biogen dan Hama dan<br />Penyakit Balittro. Penelitian menggunakan 50 isolat P. capsici dari<br />berbagai daerah pertanaman lada yang diisolasi tahun 1982 sampai 2009.<br />Daun-daun lada yang diambil dari varietas Natar-1 (agak tahan terhadap P.<br />capsici) dan Petaling-1 (rentan terhadap P. capsici) diinokulasi dengan<br />potongan agar mengandung sporangia atau 20 µl FB P. capsici. Percobaan<br />dilakukan secara faktorial (2 varietas × 50 isolat) dengan rancangan acak<br />kelompok dan tiga ulangan. Derajat agresivitas isolat dan toksisitas FB<br />diukur berdasarkan luas bercak nekrotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa agresivitas inokulum sporangia dan toksisitas FB bervariasi antar<br />isolat P. capsici. Bercak nekrotik yang disebabkan oleh inokulum<br />sporangia lebih luas (0,0–2.535,2 mm 2 ) dibandingkan dengan FB (0,7–<br />233,0 mm 2 ). Derajat agresivitas isolat dan toksisitas FB sangat dipengaruhi<br />oleh asal isolat (P&lt;0,0001), tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh varietas dan<br />interaksi isolat×varietas (P&gt;0,05). Derajat ketahanan pada varietas tahan<br />Natar-1 diduga tidak berbasis genetik dan tidak berbeda nyata dari varietas<br />rentan Petaling-1 sehingga kedua metode seleksi ketahanan tidak dapat<br />dibedakan keefektifannya. Luas bercak nekrotik yang diinduksi oleh FB<br />tidak berkorelasi nyata dengan yang ditimbulkan oleh inokulum sporangia<br />(R 2 =0,002; P&gt;0,05), sehingga secara umum FB P. capsici tidak dapat<br />digunakan sebagai standar pengujian ketahanan lada. Oleh karena itu<br />masih perlu dikembangkan metode inokulasi yang konsisten untuk seleksi<br />dini ketahanan lada.<br />Kata kunci: lada, penyakit busuk pangkal batang, Phytophthora capsici,<br />agresivitas, filtrat biakan, seleksi dini</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Resistant varieties are the most practical and effective means to<br />control Phytophthora capsici, the pathogen of foot rot disease of black<br />pepper. However, no resistant cultivars are available. Early selection of<br />black pepper resistance can be performed in laboratory using P. capsici<br />inocula or culture filtrate. The objective of this study was to compare P.<br />capsici isolate aggressiveness with culture filtrate (CF) toxicity. The study<br />was conducted from June until September 2009 at the Biochemistry<br />Laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agriculutral Biotechnology and<br />Genetic Resources Research and Development and the Plant Pest and<br />Disease Laboratory of the Indonesian Research Institute of Spice and<br />Medicinal Crops. The study used 50 P. capsici isolates collected from<br />various black pepper plantations during 1982 until 2009. Detached leaves<br />of two black pepper cultivars, i.e. moderately resistant cv. Natar-1 and<br />susceptible cv. Petaling-1, were inoculated with agar blocks containing<br />sporangia or 20 µl CF of P. capsici. The experiments were designed as<br />factorial experiments (2 cultivars × 50 isolates) under a randomized<br />completely block design. Isolate aggressiveness and CF toxicity were<br />measured based on the necrotic area of the inoculated leaves. The results<br />from the two inoculation methods showed varying levels of aggressiveness<br />and CF toxicity among isolates. Necrotic lesions incited by sporangial<br />inoculum were more extensive (0.0-2,535.2 mm 2 ) than those induced by<br />CF (0.7-233.0 mm 2 ). Degree of isolate aggressiveness and CF toxicity<br />were significantly affected by origins of isolate (P&lt;0.0001), but not by<br />cultivar and isolate×cultivar interaction (P&gt;0.05). Resistance degree in the<br />moderately resistant cv. Natar-1 was presumably not genetically based and<br />was not different to that in the susceptible cv. Petaling-1, and hence both<br />selecting agents were unable to discriminate resistance level between the<br />two cultivars. Necrotic sizes induced by CF did not well correlate with<br />those incited by sporangial inocula (R 2 =0.002; P&gt;0.05), indicating that CF<br />is generally not suitable to be used as early selection agent of resistant<br />plants. Therefore, further study is justified to find more reliable inoculation<br />method for early detection of resistant black pepper.<br />Key words: black pepper, foot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici,<br />aggressiveness, culture filtrate, early selection in laboratory</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document