scholarly journals Estimation of median lethal dose of Fenpropathrin in Wistar rat.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Nisha Manglani ◽  
Diksha Bhatt ◽  
Shakuntala Singh ◽  
P J. John ◽  
Inderpal Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

scholarly journals Determination of median lethal dose of combination of endosulfan and cypermethrin in wistar rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupuma Raina ◽  
Mohineesh Chandra ◽  
TirathD Dogra ◽  
Jaya Raj ◽  
Monika Pahuja
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

ROBUST ESTIMATION OF THE MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Kelly ◽  
J. K. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

scholarly journals Sensitivity of The Stripe-Faced Dunnart, Sminthopsis Macroura (Gould 1845), To The Phenyl Pyrazole Insecticide, Fipronil, Toxicological Signs And Implications For Pesticide Risk Assessments In Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Story ◽  
Lyn A Hinds ◽  
Steve Henry ◽  
Andrew C. Warden ◽  
Greg Dojchinov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Eutherian Mammal ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Female Responses

Abstract A lack of toxicity data quantifying responses of Australian native mammals to agricultural pesticides prompted an investigation into the sensitivity of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould 1845) to the insecticide, fipronil (5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl pyrazole, CAS No. 120068-37-3). Using the Up-And-Down method for determining acute oral toxicity in mammals, derived by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), median lethal dose estimates of 990 mg kg− 1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 580.7–4770.0 mg kg− 1) and 270.4 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 0.0 - >20000.0 mg kg− 1) were resolved for male and female S. macroura respectively. The difference between median lethal dose estimates for males and females may have been influenced by the increased age of two female dunnarts. Further modelling of female responses to fipronil doses used the following assumptions: (a) death at 2000 mg kg− 1, (b) survival at 500 mg kg− 1 and (c) a differential response (both survival and death) at 990 mg kg− 1. This modelling revealed median lethal dose estimates for female S. macroura of 669.1 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 550–990 mg kg− 1; assuming death at 990 mg kg− 1) and 990 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 544.7–1470 mg kg− 1; assuming survival at 990 mg kg− 1). These median lethal dose estimates are 3–10-fold higher than the only available LD50 value for a similarly sized eutherian mammal, Mus musculus (L. 1758; 94 mg kg− 1) and that available for Rattus norvegicus (Birkenhout 1769; 97 mg kg− 1). Implications for pesticide risk assessments in Australia are discussed.

Development of a hydrogen cyanide inhalation exposure system and determination of the inhaled median lethal dose in the swine model

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian M. Staugler ◽  
Michael C. Babin ◽  
M. Claire Matthews ◽  
Matthew K. Brittain ◽  
Mark R. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

Protective effects of fomepizole on 2-chloroethanol toxicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yng-Tay Chen ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
Dong-Zong Hung
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Strong Interest

2-Chloroethanol (2-CE) is a widely used industrial solvent. In Taiwan, Taiwanese farmers apply 2-CE on grape-vines to accelerate grape growth, a practice that in some cases have caused poisoning in humans. Thus, there is strong interest in identifying antidotes to 2-CE. This study examines the protective role in 2-CE intoxicated rats. Alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione were hypothesized to be important in the metabolism of 2-CE. This study used fomepizole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, and chemicals that affected glutathione metabolism to study 2-CE toxicity. Notably, fomepizole 5 mg/kg significantly increased median lethal dose (LD50) of 2-CE from 65.1 to 180 mg/kg and reduced the production of a potential toxic metabolite chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) in animal plasma. In contrast, disulfiram (DSF), an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, increased the toxicity of 2-CE on the lethality in rats. Additional or pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and fomepizole significantly reduced plasma CAA concentrations. Fomepizole also significantly reduced 2-CEinhibited glutathione activity. Otherwise, pretreatment with NAC for 4 days followed by co-treatment with fomepizole significantly decreased formation of the metabolic CAA. These results indicated that its catalytic enzyme might play a vital role during 2-CE intoxication, and the combination of fomepizole and NAC could be a protective role in cases of acute 2-CE intoxication.

scholarly journals Alternative Methods for the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) Test: The Up-and-Down Procedure for Acute Oral Toxicity

ILAR Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rispin ◽  
D. Farrar ◽  
E. Margosches ◽  
K. Gupta ◽  
K. Stitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Ld50 Test
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