scholarly journals Sensitivity of The Stripe-Faced Dunnart, Sminthopsis Macroura (Gould 1845), To The Phenyl Pyrazole Insecticide, Fipronil, Toxicological Signs And Implications For Pesticide Risk Assessments In Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Story ◽  
Lyn A Hinds ◽  
Steve Henry ◽  
Andrew C. Warden ◽  
Greg Dojchinov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Eutherian Mammal ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Female Responses

Abstract A lack of toxicity data quantifying responses of Australian native mammals to agricultural pesticides prompted an investigation into the sensitivity of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould 1845) to the insecticide, fipronil (5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl pyrazole, CAS No. 120068-37-3). Using the Up-And-Down method for determining acute oral toxicity in mammals, derived by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), median lethal dose estimates of 990 mg kg− 1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 580.7–4770.0 mg kg− 1) and 270.4 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 0.0 - >20000.0 mg kg− 1) were resolved for male and female S. macroura respectively. The difference between median lethal dose estimates for males and females may have been influenced by the increased age of two female dunnarts. Further modelling of female responses to fipronil doses used the following assumptions: (a) death at 2000 mg kg− 1, (b) survival at 500 mg kg− 1 and (c) a differential response (both survival and death) at 990 mg kg− 1. This modelling revealed median lethal dose estimates for female S. macroura of 669.1 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 550–990 mg kg− 1; assuming death at 990 mg kg− 1) and 990 mg kg− 1 (95% CI = 544.7–1470 mg kg− 1; assuming survival at 990 mg kg− 1). These median lethal dose estimates are 3–10-fold higher than the only available LD50 value for a similarly sized eutherian mammal, Mus musculus (L. 1758; 94 mg kg− 1) and that available for Rattus norvegicus (Birkenhout 1769; 97 mg kg− 1). Implications for pesticide risk assessments in Australia are discussed.

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ACTINOSCIRPUS GROSSUS (L.F.) GOETGH. AND D.A. SIMPSON

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Savin Chanthala Ganapathi ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Shivaraja Shankara Ym ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Toxic Potential

Objective: To study the acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant was assessed for single dose acute toxicity by employing Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development(OECD) guidelines 425 using Acute Oral Toxicity(AOT) software. The dosed (up or down as per the requirement) rats were observed for 14 days for general appearance, behavior, mortality, and necropsy. A total of 5 healthy female rats of body weight 225±25 g were used.Results: The test substance did not produce any mortality up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg per oral.Conclusion: Test substance is without any toxic potential even at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in animals and the Lethal Dose (LD50) value of A. grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Alternative Methods for the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) Test: The Up-and-Down Procedure for Acute Oral Toxicity

ILAR Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rispin ◽  
D. Farrar ◽  
E. Margosches ◽  
K. Gupta ◽  
K. Stitzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Ld50 Test

scholarly journals Lysine specific demethylase 1 as therapeutic target of cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Panda ◽  
Sudhir Ranjan Bhoi ◽  
Rakesh M. Rawal ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Raval
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Lysine Specific Demethylase ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Activity ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Free Energy Of Binding

Objective: Lysin specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibits the tumor suppressor activity of p53 and facilitates the progress of tumor. In order to check the tumor growth, the activity of LSD1 enzyme is to be blunted.Methods: Phytochemicals from naturally occurring plant-based anti-cancer compound-activity-target (NPACT) database are screened with LSD1 as target applying genetic algorithm (GA) method to study best ligand poses and free energy of binding using Argus Lab. The prediction of drug-likeness and oral toxicity of the ligands are performed by the online tools Molsoft and ProTox respectively.Results: Calyxin H shows optimum binding affinity to both the substrate and FAD binding sites of LSD1. The LD50 value (median lethal dose) of calyxin H is more than 1000 mg/kg body weight and the toxicity class is 4.Conclusions: Calyxin H is the inhibitor of choice against target LSD1. The lead molecule may be the future potential herbal drug for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Toxicity and Decontamination of Soman, Vx, and Paraoxon in Rats Using Detergents

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Misík ◽  
Růžena Pavliková ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Highly toxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) were originally developed for warfare or as agricultural pesticides. Today, OPs represent a serious threat to military personnel and civilians. This study investigates the in vivo decontamination of male Wistar rats percutaneously exposed to paraoxon and two potent nerve agents - soman (GD) and VX. Four commercial detergents were tested as decontaminants - NeodekontTM, ArgosTM, DermogelTM, and FloraFreeTM. Decontamination performed 2 min after exposure resulted in a higher survival rate in comparison with non-decontaminated controls. The decontamination effectiveness was expressed as protective ratio (PR, median lethal dose of agent in decontaminated animals divided by the median lethal dose of agent in untreated animals). The highest decontamination effectiveness was consistently achieved with ArgosTM (PR=2.3 to 64.8), followed by DermogelTM (PR=2.4 to 46.1). NeodekontTM and FloraFreeTM provided the lowest decontamination effectiveness, equivalent to distilled water (PR=1.0 to 43.2).

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of ibogaine and noribogaine

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Kubilienė ◽  
Rūta Marksienė ◽  
Saulius Kazlauskas ◽  
Ilona Sadauskienė ◽  
Almantas Ražukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Toxic Effect ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Lethal Doses

Objective. To evaluate acute toxic effect of ibogaine and noribogaine on the survival of mice and determine median lethal doses of the substances mentioned. Material and methods. White laboratory mice were used for the experiments. Ibogaine and noribogaine were administered intragastrically to mice via a stomach tube. Control animals received the same volume of saline. The median lethal dose was calculated with the help of a standard formula. Results. To determine the median lethal dose of ibogaine, the doses of 100, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg were administered intragastrically to mice. The survival time of mice after the drug administration was recorded, as well as the number of survived mice in each group. Upon administration of ibogaine at a dose of 500 mg/kg, all mice in this dose group died. Three out of four mice died in the group, which received 300 mg/kg of ibogaine. No mouse deaths were observed in the group, which received 100 mg/kg of ibogaine. The determined LD50 value of ibogaine equals to 263 mg/kg of body mass. In order to determine the median lethal dose of noribogaine, the doses of 300, 500, 700, and 900 mg/kg were administered to mice intragastrically. Noribogaine given at a dose of 500 mg/kg had no impact on the mouse survival. The increase of noribogaine dose to 700 mg/kg of mouse body mass led to the death of three out of four mice in the group. Upon administration of noribogaine at a dose of 900 mg/kg, all mice in this group died. The LD50 value of noribogaine in mice determined on the basis of the number of dead mice and the size of the doses used equals to 630 mg/kg of mouse body mass. The behavior of mice was observed upon administration of ibogaine or noribogaine. Low doses of ibogaine and noribogaine had no impact on the mouse behavior. External effects (convulsions, nervous behaviour, limb paralysis) were observed only when substances were administrated at higher doses. Conclusions. It has been determined that the median lethal dose of ibogaine and noribogaine equals to 263 mg and 630 mg/kg of mouse body mass, respectively. The toxicity of ibogaine is 2.4 times higher than that of noribogaine.

Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Sennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Veterinary Entomology ◽  
Russian Research

Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual houses with water. The drug was given in mg/kg body weight the next day. A total of 33 doses have been tested, ranging from 100 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. According to the research results, it was revealed that at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg there were no signs of intoxication, but when tested at 25,000 mg/kg in some mice, these signs were noted, and at 30,000, 35,000 and 40,000 mg/kg deaths were recorded 20±10, 45±30 and 60±20%, respectively. It was not possible to test the drug over the last above dose due to incomplete eaten by mice. According to the degree of danger for warm-blooded animals, the drug belongs to the 4th class of low-hazard drugs (average lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg or more) in accordance with the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. When analyzing the literature data on the toxicological characteristics of preparations containing ivermectin and chlorfenapyr, it was revealed that the insecticidal agent in its acute toxicity for warm-blooded animals is comparable to known analogues.

ROBUST ESTIMATION OF THE MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Kelly ◽  
J. K. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

scholarly journals THE ACTION OF STROPHANTHIN ON THE LIVING CAT'S HEART

1919 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Minimum Lethal Dose ◽  
Determining Factor

1. Cats vary considerably in their susceptibility to strophanthin and in the extent of the difference between the minimum lethal dose and the minimum toxic dose. 2. The amount of strophanthin necessary to produce a toxic effect in a given cat is independent of the speed of administration to a period of 4 hours. An improvement in the clinical administration of the drug is thereby indicated. 3. A theory of the action of strophanthin is formulated which reconciles the results which point to the importance of the total amount taken up by the heart with those inidicate that the concentration of the drug is the determining factor.

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