scholarly journals Smokeless Tobacco and Its Adverse Effects on Hematological Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar Shukla ◽  
Tanya Khaitan ◽  
Prashant Gupta ◽  
Shantala R. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Background. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) as a drug substance has been used throughout the world although it has dangerous effects on human health. Among the 28 known carcinogens in SLT, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are considered to be the most potent. This has challenged the metabolic condition leading to a rise in the inflammatory status, increased apoptosis, and red blood cell (RBC) membrane damage. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of SLT on hematological parameters and establish a correlation between them. Materials and Methods. A total of 100 subjects (50 SLT users and 50 nonusers) were selected for the study. Complete demographic data and history were taken and clinical examination was done to evaluate any oral mucosal changes. Venous blood samples were taken to analyze the hematological parameters. Results. Significant changes were observed in the complete blood profile in SLT users when compared to nonusers. All the hematological parameters had a negative correlation with form of SLT except for total leucocyte count which had a positive correlation. Conclusion. The current study confers an imperative role into SLT mediated effects on a complete hemogram and might be beneficial in spreading awareness against its usage. It also serves as a forewarning alarm among the population consuming SLT as an alternative to smoking tobacco.

scholarly journals Nurse empowerment through Pharmacogenetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Carvalhaes de Moraes ◽  
Fernanda Daniela Dornelas Nunes ◽  
Fernanda Borchers Coeli-Lacchini ◽  
Anderson Heiji Lima Miyazaki ◽  
Milena Flória-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurse Empowerment ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Objective: to verify the existence of elements that justify the use of pharmacogenetics by the Brazilian nurse. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study, whose final sample was 67 individuals. The participants were healthy at the time of the study and reported a history of previous use and the occurrence of adverse effects by drugs commonly used and metabolized by CYP2C9. We collected 4 mL of venous blood for subsequent DNA extraction by salting out method and genotyping of the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms, using Polymerase Chain Reaction in real time using Taqman assays. Results: the use of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 was frequent (more than 75% of the individuals have already used between 2 or 4 of these drugs). Regarding adverse events, there were 19 perceived symptomatic occurrences associated with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9. The allele frequency of the polymorphism * 2 and * 3 in the population studied was 11.1% and 7.5%, respectively, and there was a coincidence between the presence of alleles of low enzyme activity and the occurrence of adverse effects. Conclusion: there are elements that justify the adoption of pharmacogenetics in the nursing care to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.

scholarly journals Alternative Medicine’ Complaints Lodged to the Tehran Forensic Medicine Organization From 2011 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Emam Hadi ◽  
Baharak Sabet Divshaly ◽  
Farahnaz Azimy ◽  
Babak Sabet Divshaly
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine is a non-conventional therapy and includes a wide range of medical treatments in different countries. This study was done to evaluate alternative medicine complaints lodged to the Tehran Forensic Medicine Organization from 2011-2017.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all documented complaints of complementary medicine lodged to the Tehran Forensic Medicine Organization from 2011-2017 were reviewed and assessed with retrospective follow-up. The inclusion criterion was complaints from complementary and alternative medicine, and the exclusion criterion was incomplete data. The study data included patients’ demographic data, the therapist, the specialty of the therapist, type of disease, treatment method, adverse effects, the initial and final decision by the commission, and the amount of medical error. This information was extracted from the existing documents and recoded in the checklists.Results: Medical errors were found in 53.4% of the complaints examined. The most common cause of complaint (63%) was the adverse effects, of which the most common ones were phytotherapy (45.2%) and cupping (Hijama) (20.5%). The error was significantly different between physician and non-physician healers (P=0.001).Conclusion: Based on this study, among the alternative medicine complaints lodged to the Tehran Forensic Medicine Organization from 2011-2017, the adverse effects were the main problem of complementary therapies confirmed in more than half of the complaints.

scholarly journals Evaluation of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in smokeless tobacco users: A comparative cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikander Munir Memon ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Aneela Atta Ur Rahman ◽  
Binafsha Manzoor Syed
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To investigate the changes in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and hematological parameters among smokeless tobacco (SLT) users. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the community level in the coastal districts of Sindh province namely Badin, Thatta, and Sujawal from January 2017 to December 2019. The CRP and hematological parameters were evaluated by well-established methods among SLT and non-SLT users. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between SLT users (mean CRP = 0.77) versus non-users (mean CRP = 0.18), p = <0.001. Among hematological parameters, white blood cells (SLT users median = 7.85 versus non-SLT users median = 8.50, p = 0.004), monocytes (SLT users median = 6.00 versus non-SLT users median = 6.00, p = 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (SLT users median = 15.00 versus non-SLT users median = 10.00, p = 0.006) showed statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Significantly elevated CRP was observed in SLT users similarly hematological parameters also showed changes. WBCs, monocytes and ESR were significantly deranged among SLT users. Further studies looking into long term effects of these changes would be helpful. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3841 How to cite this:Memon SM, Kumar N, Atta-Ur-Rahman A, Syed BM. Evaluation of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in smokeless tobacco users: A comparative cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------.    doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3841 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour of Tobacco Chewers Towards Oral Health Visiting Dental Institution in Dhule City, Maharashtra

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
A Bhatsange ◽  
EP Meshram ◽  
Karibasappa LNU ◽  
A Waghamare ◽  
S Lalitha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Tests

ABSTRACT Objective Tobacco use is a growing global public health problem. The adverse effects of tobacco use on health are well known. Smokeless tobacco is found to be as addictive and harmful as smoking. The objective of study was to assess tobacco use, awareness and attitudes towards tobacco and its control in adult population visiting dental institution for various dental problems in Dhule city. Material and methods A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among outpatients of dental institution in Dhule city. Data regarding the knowledge, form of tobacco used, frequency, duration and attitude towards stopping its consumption were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests with Yates correction using Statistical software package(SPSS) version 19. Results Out of 100 tobacco chewers, 83% were males and 17% were females. Forty five percent of tobacco users thought that tobacco affects aesthetically and functionally. Chi-square tests were applied to analyse categorical data. There was statistically no significant (p<0.05) association between age groups and gender, with respect to knowledge and attitude of tobacco consumption. Conclusion Despite being aware about risk of having multiple oral health problems, a major proportion of respondents were using smokeless tobacco. However study participants were reluctant to quit the tobacco habit in spite of knowledge and awareness towards its adverse effects on oral and general health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Rubella Immunity among Women Seeking Antenatal Care in a Tertiary Institution, South-South, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
J. E. Egbagba ◽  
A. O. Abdu ◽  
N. Osegi ◽  
S. C. Amadi ◽  
M. A. Alex-Wele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
And Control

Aims: To determine rubella sero-prevalence (IgG, IgM) and to describe its relation to socio-demographic data among pregnant women in a tertiary institution in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, South-South, Nigeria. Study Design:  This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, in South-South Nigeria between May 2020 and August 2020. Methodology: We included 398 women at various stages of pregnancy. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio demographic data. Ten ml of venous blood was then collected for serological assays.  Analyses of samples were done using an in-vitro on-site rubella IgG/IgM rapid diagnostic assay. P value were kept at 0.05. Results: A total of 209 (53.0%) of the 398 women had a positive IgG antibodies. None (0.0%) of the women had positive IgM antibodies. There were no significant associations between respondents socio-demographic characteristics and rubella immunity as the probability values observed were greater than 0.05 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows a moderately high sero-prevalence of IgG antibodies amongst the participants studied. This indicates that rubella infection is endemic in Nigeria and requires further surveillance and control.

scholarly journals Establishment of Hematological Reference intervals for healthy Children in Elobied City, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Tarig Osman Khalafallah Ahmed ◽  
Malaz Elfatih Abd-elkareem Ahmed ◽  
Ream Elzain Abdelgadir ◽  
Hiba Awadelkareem Osman Fadl ◽  
Assad MA. Babker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Hemogram Reference intervals are established since a healthy population is critical to accurately interpret laboratory tests, which include Hemoglobin estimation, Red blood cells count and indices, White blood cells count and differential in addition to Platelets count. This study aims to establish the reference interval of the complete hemogram amongst healthy Sudanese children in Elobied city, Sudan. A descriptive cross-sectional study  included 354 healthy children, aged between 3 to 17 years, who were categorized into three groups according to age. A questionnaire was fulfilled, EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood sample was collected from each child then the complete hemogram was performed automated hematological analyzer (Sysmex Xp 300), Finally, Data was analyzed by a software program (SPSS version 21). The hematological reference intervals for healthy children [Hb g/dl, HCT%, RBCs count x106μL, MCV/fL ,MCH /pg., MCHC g/dl ,WBCs count x10³/μL, Neutrophil count%, Eosinophil count %, Basophile count %, lymphocyte count ,Monocytes count%, RDW CV and PLTs count×10³/μL] are [(12.4±1.2),(37±4),(5.0 ±0.4), (82±5.0), (26±3.0), (32±3.0) ,(7.0±2.0) (47±10), (1±0.1) ,(0±0),(45± 10),(7 ± 4), (13±1.8) &(227±91)] respectively. The hematological RI for healthy children in Elobied was established in this study to be representative of this population, there was a significant gender-based difference in all the evaluated hematological parameters, they were found to be higher in males than in females except for basophil (%). Finally, the results of this study would shed a light on the importance of establishing RI for the children population in Elobied.

scholarly journals Utilization pattern of antiepileptic drugs and their adverse effects in tertiary healthcare and teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Yogesh B. Magar ◽  
Rajesh S. Hiray ◽  
Balasaheb B. Ghongane
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Active Epilepsy ◽  
Dual Drug

Background: Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition with 65 million cases of active epilepsy found worldwide. The incidence is approximately 0.3 - 0.5% in different world populations with a prevalence rate of five to ten per thousand people. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prescriptions according to WHO/INRUD drug use indicators and to study the adverse effects to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).Methods: A cross sectional survey based observational study of 1year duration was conducted at tertiary healthcare hospital. Prescription data of patients (n=361) with Epilepsy from Neurology department was analysed using WHO indicators. The demographic data, type of seizures, AEDs prescribed and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported by the patients were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel 2013.Results: A total of 593 AEDs were prescribed to 361 patients. Average number of AEDs prescribed per prescription was 1.65±0.78 (S.D) with only 02% of newer AEDs. Generalized Tonic Clonic (GTC) was the most common seizure with 55.68%. Phenytoin (32%) was commonly prescribed followed by valproate for GTCS. Carbamazepine was commonly prescribed for partial seizures. Out of 15 ADR cases that has been recorded, phenytoin (73%) was associated with most ADRs followed by valproate (20%). 53% patients were on Monotherapy, 31% on dual drug therapy.Conclusions: Older AEDs are still commonly prescribed drugs. Prescription of newer AEDs to be encouraged, as study revealed majority of adverse effects to drugs like phenytoin and valproate. Study concludes the need of creating awareness of reporting of adverse event to AEDs, in treating physician.

scholarly journals Comparing Comorbid Profile and the Pattern of Non-Psychiatric Medicine Use Between Elderly and Non-Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Arash Mirabzadeh ◽  
◽  
Gita Sadighi ◽  
Ahmadali Akbari Kamrani ◽  
Mohammadreza Khodaei Ardakani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia receive psychiatric medications for many years, and their comorbid profile in old age remains unclear. Moreover, their pattern of non-psychiatric medicine use is of importance. Rehabilitation is crucial in patients with schizophrenia because it improves their strengths and life skills to live independently. These issues are essential in terms of polypharmacy among them, and its associated adverse effects.  Methods: The present cross-sectional study investigated 131 patients with schizophrenia referring to Razi Hospital who were selected by a convenience sampling method. The subjects’ medical records were evaluated in terms of comorbid disorders and non-psychiatric medicine use patterns. Their demographic data were also collected by a separate questionnaire. Results: The frequency of schizophrenia disorder was higher in males aged ≥65 years. The comorbidity frequency of non-psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in the elderly, compared to non-elderly patients. The most prevalent comorbid disorders in the elderly were musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders; and in the non-elderly neurological, hematological, and digestive diseases. The prevalence of non-psychiatric medicine intake was significantly higher in the elderly. The prevalence of non-psychiatric medicine use in the elderly (e.g. aspirin, heart disease medications, hypertension medications, etc.) and non-elderly patients (e.g. anemia medications, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, etc.) was not similar.  Discussion: In schizophrenic patients, the old age period is associated with more comorbid disorders, compared to their healthy counterparts. Such comorbid profile is similar to other patients; e.g. the most prevalent comorbidities were musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Polypharmacy is a medical problem in the elderly, with numerous adverse effects. The adjunct consumption of psychiatric medications with the non-psychiatric ones highlights the vital phenomena of drug interactions and associated adverse effects of polypharmacy.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS-A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY, INDIA.

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Reshma Anegundi ◽  
Talari Rajeswari ◽  
Arathi C A ◽  
Raghavendra M S
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Width

Aims and Objectives: To analyze various hematological parameters in Covid-19 infected patients. Patients/Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, single centre cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital, located in a tri-state region. Data was collected from patients admitted in Covid-19 ward and ICU between 28 July to 7 September 2020, confirmed positive for Covid-19 infection. Basic demographic data was collected from Laboratory Information System(LIS) of our hospital . Whole blood EDTA sample sent from Covid-19 ward and ICU were processed in LH780/DXH 500(Beckman coulter) for complete blood counts. Further patients laboratory features were analyzed . Results: Findings of 338 patients, both from ward and ICU, showed varied hematological parameters. Demographic data revealed age range from 1day to 86 years. Males constituted 205(60.65%) and females 133(39.34%).Complete blood count showed Hemoglobin(Hb) concentration ranged from 5.8 -18.5gm/dL and median value 13.6gm/dL. Red cell distribution width(RDW) ranged from 11.4-39.9% with median value of 13.6%. Leucocytosis was observed in 13.9% of patients, high absolute neutrophil count in 15.6% ,high Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio(NLR) in 10.05% patients and eosinophil count ranged from 0-15.3%. Conclusion: Baseline alterations in CBC parameters of 10-15% of patients in the present study along with articles reviewed from various countries indicate Covid -19 infection causes systemic infection involving multiple organs and systems.

scholarly journals Factores asociados a la no adherencia al tratamiento anti tuberculosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Laura Inés Plata-Casas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

Objetivo: describir los factores de riesgo asociados a la no adherencia al tratamiento en los pacientes adscritos al programa de tuberculosis en el Municipio de Villavicencio, cohorte 2012. Materiales y Métodos: se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque cuantitativo.  Se obtuvieron datos de caracterización sociodemográfica sobre factores de riesgo de personas que abandonaron el tratamiento para la enfermedad- cohorte 2012- mediante la aplicación de un instrumento diseñado por el investigador y revisado por expertos.  Los datos fueron tabulados y analizados mediante la herramienta Microsoft Excel® 2007 y Epi-info 7.0. Resultados: el 75% de los pacientes pertenecen al género masculino; el promedio de edad es de 30 años, el 63% pertenecen al régimen subsidiado de salud. Las principales causas de abandono fueron: efectos adversos a los medicamentos (58%), inadecuada atención del personal de salud (43%), dificultad de acceso al servicio (32%). Los factores sociales encontrados fueron hacinamiento 67% y desempleo 62%. Conclusiones: algunos factores no modificables como la edad y  el  género, así como factores modificables como estilos de vida inadecuados y efectos adversos; cuyo control mejoraría el cumplimiento; contribuyen al abandono del tratamiento. Las variables psicológicas y sociales deben ser evaluadas para que se conviertan en  predictores de probables abandonos o irregularidades en el tratamiento antituberculoso. PALABRAS CLAVE: mycobacterium tuberculosis, negativa del paciente al tratamiento, tuberculosis.Factors associated with non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatmentABSTRACT  Goal: to describe the risk factors associated with non-adherence to the treatment in patients enrolled in the tuberculosis program in Villavicencio city, cohort 2012. Materials and Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. Socio-demographic data and characterization of risk factors for people who discontinued treatment for the disease. Datawere obtained by applying 2012 cohort instrument designed by the researcher and reviewed by experts.  Data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi-info 7.0 tool. Results: 75% of patients are male; the average age is 30 years, 63% of them belong to the subsidized health system. The main causes of abandonment were: adverse effects to medicines (58%),an  inadequate  health staff care (43%),some  difficulties to access to the service (32%). The social factors were overcrowding found 67% and 62% unemployment. Conclusions: non-modifiable factors such as age and gender, as well as modifiable factors such as inadequate lifestyle and adverse effects; People in charge of the control would improve compliance; contribute to cessation of therapy. The psychological and social variables should be evaluated to become predictors of probable dropouts or irregularities in TB treatment.KEY WORDS: mycobacterium tuberculosis, the patient refused treatment, tuberculosis. Fatores associados à não-adesão ao tratamento anti-tuberculose  RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os fatores de risco associados à não-adesão ao tratamento em participar do programa de tuberculose na cidade de Villavicencio paciente coorte de 2012. Materiais e Métodos: um estudo descritivo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. dados sócio-demográficos e caracterização dos fatores de risco para as pessoas que interromperam o tratamento para a doença foram obtidos através da aplicação de coorte 2012 instrumento concebido pelo investigador e revisados por especialistas. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados usando o Microsoft Excel 2007 e Epi-info 7.0 ferramenta. Resultados: 75% dos pacientes são masculinos; a média de idade é de 30 anos, 63% pertencem ao sistema de saúde subsidiado. As principais causas de abandono foram: efeitos adversos a medicamentos (58%), profissionais de saúde inadequada (43%), dificuldade de acesso ao serviço (32%). Os fatores sociais foram encontrados superlotação 67% e% de desemprego 62. Conclusões: os fatores não modificáveis, como idade e sexo, bem como fatores modificáveis, tais como estilos de vida inadequados e efeitos adversos; cujo controle seria melhorar o cumprimento; contribuir para a interrupção da terapia. variáveis psicológicas e sociais devem ser avaliados para se tornar preditores de abandono prováveis ou irregularidades no tratamento da TB.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: mycobacterium tuberculosis, o paciente recusou o tratamento, a tuberculose.

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