The development of the national frameworks and an analysis of the relationship between the Commission and the national competition agencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
National Competition ◽  
The Relationship

III. Competition

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Karl Newman ◽  
Christopher Harding
Keyword(s):  
Competition Law ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Sharing Responsibility ◽  
Group Exemption ◽  
Court Of First Instance ◽  
The Relationship

In the period covered by this note (early 1994 to the middle of 1995) some signifi cant and interesting judgments have been handed down by the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance on both substantive and procedural issues of competition law, in particular that of the Court of Justice in the Magill case, which deals with the relationship between Article 86 and intellectual property rights. In the legislative field there is now a group exemption on the operation of liner transport services. As regards general problems of enforcement, the Commission's 1993 Notice on Co-operation between National Courts and the Commission1 has provoked a good deal of discussion and a number of commentators and also the Commission itself are now advocating sharing responsibility for enforcement with national competition authorities rather than relying on the direct effect of Articles 85(1) and 86 being invoked before national courts.2

National Competition Policy—its genesis and design

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Malcolm Abbott ◽  
Bruce Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
National Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter looks more specifically at the reform process leading up to the making of the Competition Principles Agreement in 1995. It also provides an examination of what this Agreement meant for the utilities sector more specifically. In doing so it explores the relationship between the state and federal governments and the impact that this had on the development of the National Competition Policy. The main principles of the Policy that were applicable to the utilities sector are explained, as well as the general background of the reform process and the Competition Principles Agreement 1995.

3. The relationship between European Union and United Kingdom competition law

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Sandra Marco Colino
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Current Interaction ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the current interaction between European Union and UK law. EU law is currently a source of UK law. However, the relationship between the two regimes is expected to change in the future as a consequence of the UK’s decision to withdraw from the EU. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 stipulates that the European Communities Act 1972 will be ‘repealed on exit day’, which would be 29 March 2019 provided that the two-year period since Article 50 TEU was triggered is not extended. Once the European Communities Act 1972 has been repealed, EU law will cease to be a source of UK law. No major immediate changes to the national competition legislation are to be expected, but future reforms could distance the UK system from the EU rules.

15. Enforcement of EU competition law

2019 ◽  
pp. 686-698
Author(s):  
Elspeth Berry ◽  
Matthew J. Homewood ◽  
Barbara Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Relationship

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the enforcement of EU competition law. It covers the enforcement regime; burden of proof; the relationship between Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, and national competition laws; cooperation with national authorities; cooperation with national courts; the powers of the competition authorities of the Member States; the European Commission’s powers; safeguards for undertakings; the 2006 Leniency Notice; and private enforcement.

13. Public Enforcement by the Commission and the National Competition Authorities of the Antitrust Provisions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Jones ◽  
Brenda Sufrin
Keyword(s):  
Public Enforcement ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Debate

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the following: the change in the enforcement regime for EU antitrust rules on 1 May 2004; the system under Regulation 17 that applied before then; the reasons for, and salient features of, the ‘modernisation’ in Regulation 1/2003; the powers of the Commission; the role of EU Courts; enforcement by national competition authorities and the relationship between EU and national law; the possibility of sanctions against individuals; and the position of those who make complaints about alleged infringements of the competition rules.

scholarly journals ¿Existe relación entre el nivel de competición y el conocimiento del juego en voleibol? (Is there a relationship between level of competition and knowledge in volleyball?)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Alexander Gil Arias ◽  
Fernando Del Villar Álvarez ◽  
Fernando Claver Rabaz ◽  
Alberto Moreno Domínguez ◽  
Luís García González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Sport Expertise ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar la relación entre el nivel de competición, y el conocimiento declarativo y procedimental en jóvenes jugadores de voleibol. Se planteó un estudio descriptivo correlacional en el que participaron un total de 219 jugadores/as de voleibol de categoría cadete con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 16 años. La variable independiente fue el nivel de competición de los participantes (nivel escolar, regional y nacional), mientras que las variables dependientes fueron el conocimiento declarativo y el conocimiento procedimental, que fueron medidas mediante la cumplimentación de dos cuestionarios. Los resultados reflejaron diferencias significativas en el conocimiento en función del nivel de competición, siendo los sujetos que participaron a nivel nacional, respecto a los de nivel regional y escolar, los que mayor conocimiento declarativo y procedimental mostraron. Estos resultados confirman que la calidad de las competiciones, en la cual participan los deportistas, actúa como un factor fundamental en el desarrollo de los dos tipos de conocimientos considerados en la investigación. Palabra clave: conocimiento declarativo, conocimiento procedimental, nivel de competición, pericia deportiva, voleibol.Abstract: The main objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between level of competition and declarative and procedural knowledge in young volleyball players. We propose a descriptive/correlational study involving 219 players aged between 14 and 16 years. The level of competition (scholar, regional and national) was the independent variable. Whereas, dependent variables were the two types of knowledge, declarative and procedural, which were measured by filling in two questionnaires. The results show significant differences in knowledge according to the level of competition. Players who participated in national competition show higher levels of declarative and procedural knowledge than those who compete in regional and scholar level. These results reinforce the idea that is the quality of the competition, in which athletes participate, a key factor in the development of the two types of knowledge considered in the investigation.Key words: declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, level of competition, sport expertise, volleyball.

15. Enforcement of EU competition law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elspeth Berry ◽  
Matthew J. Homewood ◽  
Barbara Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Relationship

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the enforcement of EU competition law. It covers the enforcement regime; burden of proof; the relationship between Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, and national competition laws; cooperation with national authorities; cooperation with national courts; the powers of the competition authorities of the Member States; the European Commission’s powers; safeguards for undertakings; the 2006 Leniency Notice; and private enforcement.

scholarly journals ¿Qué caminos existen hacia la calidad de servicio en clubes deportivos de baloncesto? Análisis de orientación emprendedora y nivel de competición

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Núñez-Pomar ◽  
P. Escamilla-Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Orientación Emprendedora

La orientación emprendedora (compuesta por innovación, asunción de riesgos y proactividad), es entendida como la disposición para afrontar de forma ventajosa los desafíos del entorno y sus rivales, teniendo creciente interés en la investigación y relacionada generalmente con un mayor rendimiento en distintos ámbitos de la organización. El presente estudio, realizado con clubes de baloncesto españoles, analiza la relación existente entre la Orientación Emprendedora, el nivel de competición de los clubes y la calidad de servicio que prestan a sus deportistas y socios/abonados. En este trabajo, en el que se ha utilizado como metodología de análisis fsQCA se han analizado 103 clubes deportivos de baloncesto (61% de categoría nacional y 39% autonómica). Los resultados muestran diferentes caminos para lograr altos niveles de Calidad de Servicio, destacando Asunción de Riesgos y nivel de competición nacional como variables que mayor presencia tienen en las soluciones de altos niveles de Calidad de servicio.  The entrepreneurial orientation (composed of innovation, risk taking and proactivity), is understood as the willingness to face the challenges of the environment and its rivals in an advantageous way, having a growing interest in research and generally related to greater performance in different areas of the organization. This study, carried out with Spanish basketball clubs, analyses the relationship between the Entrepreneurial Orientation, the level of competition of the clubs and the quality of service they provide to their athletes and members/subscribers. In this work, in which the fsQCA analysis methodology has been used, 103 basketball sports clubs have been analysed (61% national and 39% regional). The results show different ways to achieve high levels of Service Quality, with Risk Assumption and the level of national competition standing out as the variables that have the greatest presence in solutions with high levels of Service Quality.

Utilities Reform in Twenty-First Century Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Abbott ◽  
Bruce Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
National Competition ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The book traces the development and consequences of the economic reform measures undertaken in the utilities sector in Australia (communications, energy, water/wastewater services, and transport) in the last years of the 20th century and the early decades of the 21st century. In doing so, it looks at the process of reform across industries, and across the state and federal jurisdictions, to identify what motivations the various governments had for pursuing reform, how change varied across jurisdictions, and what issues arose in the process. Although by the mid-1990s all states and territories and the Australian Government were committed to reforming utilities as part of the National Competition Policy, not all pursued this reform with the same degree of speed and breadth of action. The broad trends of economic reform in Australia, and abroad, are also touched upon, to provide an outline of the wider context in which the reform of the utilities occurred. This book, therefore, explores the relationship between politics and society on the one hand and economic reform on the other; as well as on the efforts of governments in Australia to promote economic growth and the wealth of Australians in an increasingly complex and challenging global economic climate.

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