scholarly journals The Universality of Palliative Care Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Joris Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Hospice Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Minority Religion

The modern hospice movement, which is the origin of what is now known as palliative care, derived strong inspiration from Christianity. Given this original Christian inspiration, the global spread of palliative care even to countries where Christianity is only a minority religion may look surprising. In line with the theory of the “secularization of hospice,” it could be argued that palliative care has spread globally because its underlying philosophy has become secular, allowing it to become universal. However, given the continuing importance of religion in many areas of palliative care, we could wonder how secular contemporary palliative care really is. This article argues that the universality of palliative care philosophy resides in its susceptibility to contextualization. Palliative care has become a global success story because people all over the world committed to palliative care’s principles and ideas have contextualized these and developed models of palliative care delivery and even philosophy that are adapted to the local socio-economic and cultural-religious contexts. This article analyzes palliative care in India to illustrate this point, describing contextualized models of palliative care delivery and showing that palliative care physicians and nurses in India draw inspiration from their local context and religiosity.

Palliative and Spiritual Care of Persons with HIV and AIDS

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Cohen ◽  
Joseph Z. Lux
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hospice Movement ◽  
Health Organization

Palliative care of persons with HIV and AIDS has changed over the course of the first three decades of the pandemic. The most radical shifts occurred in the second decade with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy and other advances in HIV care. In the United States and throughout the world, progress in prevention of HIV transmission has not kept pace with progress in treatment, thus the population of persons living with AIDS continues to grow. Furthermore, economic, psychiatric, social, and political barriers leave many persons without access to adequate HIV care. As a result, persons who lack access to care may need palliative care for late-stage AIDS while persons with access to AIDS treatments are more likely to need palliative care for multimorbid medical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, pulmonary disease, and renal disease. Palliative care of persons with HIV and AIDS cannot be confined to the end of life. We present palliative care on a continuum as part of an effort to alleviate suffering and attend to pain, emotional distress, and existential anxiety during the course of the illness. We will provide guidelines for psychiatric and palliative care and pain management to help persons with AIDS cope better with their illnesses and live their lives to the fullest extent, and minimize pain and suffering for them and their loved ones. This chapter reviews basic concepts and definitions of palliative and spiritual care, as well as the distinct challenges facing clinicians involved in HIV palliative care. Finally, issues such as bereavement, cultural sensitivity, communication, and psychiatric contributions to common physical symptom control are reviewed. The terms palliative care and palliative medicine are often used interchangeably. Modern palliative care has evolved from the hospice movement into a more expansive network of clinical care delivery systems with components of home care and hospital-based services (Butler et al., 1996; Stjernsward and Papallona, 1998). Palliative care must meet the needs of the “whole person,” including the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of suffering (World Health Organization, 1990).

Palliative care in situations of conflict

2015 ◽  
pp. 1168-1173
Author(s):  
Nathan I. Cherny
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Jewish Hospital

Incurable, life-threatening illness is endemic, and it often occurs in places of conflict. In these circumstances, care delivery is often compromised or complicated. Situations of conflict occur in many places in the world, and at any time a substantial proportion of the world population is involved in conflict of one sort or other. Conflicts, such as war or terror, traumatize the involved populations. In this situation, bereavement, fear, anxiety, and depression become commonplace. The observations in this chapter are derived from experiences working with Palestinian and Israeli patients in a Jewish hospital in Jerusalem over the past 15 years.

Principles of Palliative Care

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Breitbart
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Early Palliative Care ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Hospice Movement ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Research Findings

Palliative medicine refers to the medical discipline of palliative care. Modern palliative care has evolved from the hospice movement into a more expansive network of clinical care delivery systems with components of home care and hospital-based services. Palliative care begins with the onset of a life-threatening illness and proceeds past death to include bereavement interventions for family and others, with a mission to meet the physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and existential needs of the “whole patient.“ This chapter includes an overview of definitions of palliative care, the global need for palliative care, and ideal components of palliative care programs. A comprehensive review of the most recent research findings on impact of early palliative care on quality of life and survival is provided.

Commentary

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Exchange

We reserve the Global Exchange section of the Journal for reports on hallmark events and developments in palliative care. Trail blazing innovations have priority space, but promising implementations of ideas already in operation also deserve a place. So we publish below three reports on home care, and on palliative care delivery at the provincial level in Canada. It is our editorial policy actively to seek and to welcome warmly reports on palliative care innovations and initiatives from countries throughout the world.

Palliative Care Delivery in the NICU: What Barriers Do Neonatal Nurses Face?

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Kain
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neonatal Nurses ◽  
Neonatal Nursing ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Universal Protocol

Despite the existence of a universal protocol in palliative care for dying babies and their families, provision of this type of care remains ad hoc in contemporary neonatal settings. Influential bodies such as the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization support palliative care to this patient population, so why are such measures not universally adopted? Are there barriers that prevent neonatal nurses from delivering this type of care? A search of the literature reveals that such barriers may be significant and that they have the potential to prevent dying babies from receiving the care they deserve. The goal of this literature review is to identify these barriers to providing palliative care in neonatal nursing. Results of the research have been used to determine item content for a survey to conceptualize and address these barriers.

Becoming the World's Biggest Brewer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bertrams ◽  
Julien Del Marmol ◽  
Sander Geerts ◽  
Eline Poelmans
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
National Market ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Global Company ◽  
Insight Into

AB InBev is today’s uncontested world leader of the beer market. It represents over 20 per cent of global beer sales, with more than 450 million hectolitres a year flowing all around the world. Its Belgian predecessor, Interbrew, was a success story stemming from the 1971 secret merger of the country’s two leading brewers: Artois and Piedboeuf. Based on first-hand material originating from company and private archives as well as interviews with managers and key family actors, this is the first study to explore the history of the company through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The story starts in the mid-nineteenth century with the scientific breakthroughs that revolutionized the beer industry and allowed both Artois and Piedboeuf to prosper in a local environment. Instrumental in this respect were the respective families and their successive heirs in stabilizing and developing their firms. Despite the intense difficulties of two world wars in the decades to follow, they emerged stronger than ever and through the 1960s became undisputed leaders in the national market. Then, in an unprecedented move, Artois and Piedboeuf secretly merged their shareholding in 1971, though keeping their operations separate until 1987 when they openly and operationally merged to become Interbrew. Throughout their histories Artois, Piedboeuf, and their successor companies have kept a controlling family ownership. This book provides a unique insight into both the complex history of these three family breweries and their path to becoming a prominent global company, and the growth and consolidation of the beer market through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

scholarly journals QOLP-03. NEURO-ONCOLOGY PALLIATIVE CARE SURVEY OF PHYSICIANS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii175-ii175
Author(s):  
Ramya Tadipatri ◽  
Amir Azadi ◽  
Madison Cowdrey ◽  
Samuel Fongue ◽  
Paul Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract BACKGROUND Early access to palliative care is a critical component of treating patients with advanced cancer, particularly for glioblastoma patients who have low rates of survival despite optimal therapies. Additionally, there are unique considerations for primary brain tumor patients given the need for management of headaches, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. METHODS We conducted a survey of 109 physicians in Sub-Saharan Africa in order to determine level of understanding and skill in providing palliative care, types of palliative care therapies provided, role of cultural beliefs, availability of resources, and challenges faced. Demographic data including age, gender, and prior training was collected and analyzed using ANOVA statistical testing. RESULTS Among the participants, 48% felt comfortable in providing palliative care consultations, 62% have not had prior training, 52% believed that palliative care is only appropriate when there is irreversible deterioration, 62% expressed having access to palliative care, 49% do not have access to liquid opioid agents, 50% stated that cultural beliefs held by the patient or family prevented them from receiving, palliative care, and 23% stated that their own beliefs affected palliative care delivery. Older providers (age > 30) had a clearer understanding of palliative care (p = 0.004), were more comfortable providing consultation (p = 0.052), and were more likely to address mental health (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Palliative care delivery to glioblastoma patients in Sub-Saharan Africa is often delayed until late in the disease course. Barriers to adequate palliative care treatment identified in this survey study include lack of training, limited access to liquid opioid agents, and cultural beliefs. Challenges most often identified by participants were pain management and end-of-life communication skills, but also included patient spirituality and psychological support, anxiety and depression, terminal dyspnea, ethics, and intravenous hydration and non-oral feeding.

scholarly journals Living in dual liminal states: Navigating the loss of my father and my clinical career during a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Jennifer Currin-McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Professional Conflicts ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Insight Into

Drawing from Van Gennep and Caffee’s conceptualization of liminality, this autoethnographic narrative portrays the author’s rites of passage into academia and through the death of her father. These fundamental developmental transitions and losses emerged concomitantly within the backdrop of a pandemic, further cloaking the world in grief and disequilibrium. Incorporating the voice of the personal as professional, the author portrays her existential struggles in relinquishing her cherished role as a palliative care social worker and living through her dad’s final months during a time of restricted social interaction. Interwoven throughout the narrative appear stories of strife, hope, grief, and professional epiphanies of purpose and insider privilege. The paper embraces both personal and professional conflicts and provides insight into the ways in which the unique setting of a pandemic can provide clarity for navigating the liminal states of separation, transition, and incorporation.

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of Airbnb listings on London house prices

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110018
Author(s):  
James Todd ◽  
Anwar Musah ◽  
James Cheshire
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
The World

Over the course of the last decade, sharing economy platforms have experienced significant growth within cities around the world. Airbnb, which is one of the largest and best-known platforms, provides the focus for this paper and offers a service that allows users to rent properties or spare rooms to guests. Its rapid growth has led to a growing discourse around the consequences of Airbnb rentals within the local context. The research within this paper focuses on determining impact on local housing prices within the inner London boroughs by constructing a longitudinal panel dataset, on which a fixed and random effects regression was conducted. The results indicate that there is a significant and modest positive association between the frequency of Airbnb and the house price per square metre in these boroughs.

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