Benefits of Egg Clusters in the Evolution of Larval Aggregation in the Neotropical ButterflyAscia monuste orseis: Reduction of Egg Failure and Enhanced Larval Hatching

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Figueiredo Kikuda Santana ◽  
Fernando Sérgio Zucoloto
Keyword(s):  
Larval Hatching ◽  
Egg Failure

scholarly journals Embryonic development in Zungaro jahu

Zygote ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Marques ◽  
Francine Faustino ◽  
Bruno Bertolucci ◽  
Maria do Carmo Faria Paes ◽  
Regiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Larval Hatching ◽  
Morula Stage ◽  
Zygote Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryThe aim of this study was to characterize the embryonic development of Zungaro jahu, a fresh water teleostei commonly known as ‘jaú’. Samples were collected at pre-determined times from oocyte release to larval hatching and analysed under light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. At the first collection times, the oocytes and eggs were spherical and yellowish, with an evident micropyle. Embryo development took place at 29.4 ± 1.5°C and was divided into seven stages: zygote, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, organogenesis, and hatching. The differentiation of the animal and vegetative poles occured during the zygote stage, at 10 min post-fertilization (mpf), leading to the development of the egg cell at 15 mpf. From 20 to 75 mpf, successive cleavages resulted in the formation of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 blastomeres. The morula stage was observed between 90 and 105 mpf, and the blastula and gastrula stage at 120 and 180 mpf; respectively. The end of the gastrula stage was characterized by the presence of the yolk plug at 360 mpf. Organogenesis followed, with differentiation of the cephalic and caudal regions, elongation of the embryo by the cephalo-caudal axis, and somitogenesis. Hatching occurred at 780 mpf, with mean larval total length of 3.79 ± 0.11 mm.

scholarly journals Garlic essential oil increases rates of eggs fertilization and hatching of Rhamdia quelen larvae in an artificial incubation system

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Garcia Marengoni ◽  
Letícia Angélica Pereira ◽  
Luciane Aline Weiss ◽  
Mateus Antonio Besen ◽  
Robie Allan Bombardelli
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Larval Hatching ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) essential oil on the rates of eggs fertilization and hatching and on the normal development of larvae of artificially incubated silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of introducing garlic essential oil into the incubators, which used a closed system of water recirculation, at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 5mg L-1. Rates of eggs fertilization and larval hatching were determined at 10 and 24h after the beginning of eggs hydration. Morphology of larvae was assessed with the aid of a stereo microscope to determine the rate of normal development. The concentration of 5mg L-1 promoted better rates of eggs fertilization and larval hatching. Concentrations of garlic essential oil had a linear effect on eggs fertilization rates and larval hatching. Garlic oil did not influence the morphology of the larvae (P>0.05). It is recommended to use 5mg L-1 of garlic essential oil to promote better rates of eggs fertilization and larval hatching of artificially incubated silver catfish.

Factors affecting the reproductive success of common tern (Sterna hirundo) colonies on the lower Great Lakes during the summer of 1972

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1850-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Morris ◽  
Rodger A. Hunter ◽  
James F. McElman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Common Tern ◽  
Sterna Hirundo ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fledging Success ◽  
Egg Failure

The breeding biology of five common tern (Sterna hirundo) colonies in the lower Great Lakes was studied between May and August 1972. Frequent visits were made to each colony and data collected on nests within large artificially enclosed areas. The objective was to identify factors that influence the reproductive success of common tern colonies on the Great Lakes. Hatching success was significantly dependent on clutch size and time of clutch initiation, whereas fledging success was independent of clutch size. The most common category of egg failure was disappearance from the nest. One colony (Port Colborne) realized a significantly higher hatching and fledging success than the others, among which there were no significant differences in prehatch or posthatch success rates. Factors that contributed to differences in reproductive success are presented and their relative contributions to the reproductive success of the tern colonies are discussed. The factors include the relative proportion of three-egg clutches, incubation time as a measure of 'parent attentiveness,' numerical size of the colony, predation, competition for nesting sites by gulls, food availability, flooding, and toxic chemicals. We conclude that no single factor can be readily correlated with reproductive success and suggest that caution should be exercised when considering the relationships between reproductive success and factors influencing it.

scholarly journals Can insect egg deposition ‘warn’ a plant of future feeding damage by herbivorous larvae?

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1726) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Beyaert ◽  
Diana Köpke ◽  
Josefin Stiller ◽  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Insect Feeding ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Insect Egg ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Larval Hatching ◽  
Herbivore Defence

Plant anti-herbivore defence is inducible by both insect feeding and egg deposition. However, little is known about the ability of insect eggs to induce defences directed not against the eggs themselves, but against larvae that subsequently hatch from the eggs. We studied how oviposition (OP) by the sawfly Diprion pini on Pinus sylvestris foliage affects the plant's defensive potential against sawfly larvae. Larvae that initiated their development on P. sylvestris twigs on which they hatched from eggs gained less weight and suffered higher mortality than those fed on egg-free twigs. The poor performance of these larvae also affected the next herbivore generation since fecundity of resulting females was lower than that of females which spent their larval development on egg-free pine. Transcript levels of P. sylvestris sesquiterpene synthases ( Ps TPS1, Ps TPS2) were increased by D. pini OP, reached their highest levels just before larval hatching, and decreased when larvae started to feed. However, concentrations of terpenoid and phenolic metabolites presumed to act as feeding deterrents or toxins for herbivores did not change significantly after OP and feeding. Nevertheless, our performance data suggest that insect egg deposition may act to ‘warn’ a plant of upcoming feeding damage by larvae.

scholarly journals Priming by Timing: Arabidopsis thaliana Adjusts Its Priming Response to Lepidoptera Eggs to the Time of Larval Hatching

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Valsamakis ◽  
Norbert Bittner ◽  
Nina E. Fatouros ◽  
Reinhard Kunze ◽  
Monika Hilker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Larval Hatching ◽  
Mediated Priming ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Time Point

Plants can respond to eggs laid by herbivorous insects on their leaves by preparing (priming) their defense against the hatching larvae. Egg-mediated priming of defense is known for several plant species, including Brassicaceae. However, it is unknown yet for how long the eggs need to remain on a plant until a primed defense state is reached, which is ecologically manifested by reduced performance of the hatching larvae. To address this question, we used Arabidopsis thaliana, which carried eggs of the butterfly Pieris brassicae for 1–6 days prior to exposure to larval feeding. Our results show that larvae gained less biomass the longer the eggs had previously been on the plant. The strongest priming effect was obtained when eggs had been on the plant for 5 or 6 days, i.e., for (almost) the entire development time of the Pieris embryo inside the egg until larval hatching. Transcript levels of priming-responsive genes, levels of jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and of the egg-inducible phytoalexin camalexin increased with the egg exposure time. Larval performance studies on mutant plants revealed that camalexin is dispensable for anti-herbivore defense against P. brassicae larvae, whereas JA-Ile – in concert with egg-induced salicylic acid (SA) – seems to be important for signaling egg-mediated primed defense. Thus, A. thaliana adjusts the kinetics of its egg-primed response to the time point of larval hatching. Hence, the plant is optimally prepared just in time prior to larval hatching.

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