Pirimiphos-Methyl Residues and Control of Greenhouse Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Seven Vegetables

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Antonious ◽  
John C. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Initial Deposition ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Surfaces

A gas chromatographic analysis of pirimiphos-methyl, Actellic®, residues on four leafy vegetables (celery, radicchio, cabbage and kohlrabi) and three fruity vegetables (green beans, pepper and cucumber) is reported. The method proved to be accurate and reliable for residue estimation with recoveries of 90–96% from fortified vegetable tissues, depending on the crop species and the part of the plant analyzed. Initial deposition of pirimiphos-methyl and its disappearance rate on the different types of plant surfaces varied widely. Residue disappearance rates varied from rapid on cucumber fruits (t½ = 1.8 d) to slow on pepper fruits (t½ = 4.3 d) over a 42-day period. On leaves, green beans had the highest dissipation rate (t½ = 2.0 d) while pepper had the lowest (t½ = 4.7 d). Waiting periods (preharvest safety intervals) on each crop were also determined. The potential of pirimiphos-methyl was tested as a candidate for greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control. Cucumber and bean foliage were preferred by greenhouse whitefly. One day following application of Actellic® 5E emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 4.5 g (AI)/L of liquid spray, whitefly populations were reduced significantly on both cucumber (88%) and beans (96%). Pirimiphos-methyl may be a useful candidate for control of greenhouse whitefly and other insects in home gardens based on its effectiveness and human safety.

scholarly journals STUDIES REGARDING THE WHITEFLY EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE EGG AND LARVAE (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Pop ◽  
Daniela Pop ◽  
G. Cuc ◽  
Simona Oros ◽  
I. Oltean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Great Damage

The greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.) is one of the most important pests met in protected spaces, determining major damages to vegetables crops and also to the flower crops. this pest, besides the damage it determine in greenhouses crops, in hot years, during summer, it also can be seen in field crops, where it produce great damage by stinging and sucking the cell juice from the leaves tissues and young offshoot of different crop plants. Researchers all over the world where this pest has been seen were and still are preoccupied by all the aspects concerning its origin, spreading areas, morphology, biology and control. The present paper propose a study f the morphology of the egg and larvae of this dangerous pest and the completition of the dates already known with the photos taken at the Center of Electronic Microscopy at Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca.

scholarly journals A Greenhouse Test to Explore and Evaluate Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Insect Traps in the Monitoring and Control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Zhang ◽  
Huyin Li ◽  
Maorong Liu ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Hai Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
And Control

Population control of small sucking insects has been challenging, and alternative control methods are constantly being sought. Visual traps have long been used to monitor and control pests. Colored sticky cards are widely used for diurnal pests, but their effects are influenced by environmental light conditions. Artificial light traps are mostly used for nocturnal pests. Here, we explored and evaluated light-emitting diode (LED) traps for the monitoring and control of small diurnal sucking insects using greenhouse tests targeting the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. We tested the trapping efficacy of the LED water pan trap, assessed the most attractive LED light and analyzed its efficacy under different weather conditions. The results showed that the LED water pan trap was too inefficient to be useful. Green LEDs were more attractive than yellow LEDs, UV LEDs and green-UV combinations. Regardless of sunny or cloudy conditions, the green LED trap caught more than twice the number of whiteflies than the yellow sticky card alone under summer shading conditions. Our study suggests that LED traps have a significant field application value in whitefly mass trapping and may also be efficient for other diurnal insects. The design of LED traps specific for diurnal insects is discussed.

scholarly journals MEDICIÓN INDIRECTA DE LA TASA DE CONSUMO DE ADULTOS E INMADUROS DE Trialeurodes vaporariorum (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) SOBRE FRÍJOL

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda SUÁREZ GONZALES ◽  
Marco Antonio DÍAZ TAPIAS ◽  
Daniel RODRÍGUEZ CAICEDO ◽  
Fernando CANTOR RINCÓN
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Food Consumption Rate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rate Of Consumption

<p>La biología y ecología de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos, <em>Trialeurodes vaporariorum </em>(Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyroridae), se encuentra ampliamente documentada. Sin embargo, hasta el momento no hay reportes acerca de la tasa de consumo de alimento por este fitófago, un parámetro necesario para modelos de simulación. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue la medición indirecta del consumo de alimento por el adulto e instares inmaduros de <em>T. vaporariorum</em> basado en metodologías encontradas en la literatura científica. La estimación de la tasa de consumo de alimento por adultos se realizó bajo condiciones de laboratorio, utilizando como unidad experimental una planta de fríjol de dos semanas de edad. El experimento consistió de dos tratamientos: (T1) plantas libres de cualquier fitófago y (T2) plantas sometidas a infestaciones con <em>T. vaporariorum</em>, cada tratamiento con 20 repeticiones y una réplica en el tiempo de todo el experimento. Se registró el peso fresco diariamente en ambos tratamientos. Para el caso de los inmaduros, la unidad experimental consistió en una hoja cotiledónea de fríjol, infestada con una población determinada de inmaduros de cada instar de mosca blanca teniendo así cinco tratamientos (Instar I, II, III, IV y Control) cada uno con 17 repeticiones. Se registró diariamente el peso fresco de las hojas. Se obtuvo un consumo promedio de alimento por el adulto de 0,277 ± 0,0042 mg.dia<sup>-1</sup>. Para los dos primeros instares ninfales se estimó una tasa de consumo de 0,052 mg.dia<sup>-1</sup>, en el tercer instar de 0,14 mg.dia<sup>-1</sup>, y para el cuarto instar de 0,19 mg.dia<sup>-1</sup>. Un adulto de mosca blanca puede consumir en un día seis veces su peso y un inmaduro ocho veces, gracias a su rápido metabolismo y la constante excreción de mielecilla. </p><p><strong>Indirect Measurement of the</strong> <strong>Rate of Consumption of Adult and Immature of <em>Trialeurodes vaporariorum </em>(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) On Common Bean</strong></p><p>The biology and ecology of the greenhouse whitefly, <em>Trialeurodes vaporariorum </em>Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyroridae), is widely documented. However, so far there are not reports about the rate of consumption of this phytophagous. Therefore, the objective of this research was to measure the food consumption by the adult and immature instars of <em>T. vaporariorum</em> based on indirect methodologies found in the literature. The estimate of the food consumption rate by adults was conducted under laboratory conditions, using as experimental units plant beans two weeks old. The experiment consisted of two treatments: (T1) plants free from any phytophagous and (T2) plants subjected to infestation with <em>T. vaporariorum</em>, with 20 repetitions each treatment and replicated over time. In the case of the immature individuals, the experimental unit consisted of a bean cotyledon leaf infested with a population of immature individuals of each instar of whitefly, having five treatments (Instar I, II, III, IV and Control) each with 17 repetitions. Fresh weight of leaves was recorded daily. An average food consumption of 0.277 ± 0.0042 mg.day<sup>-1</sup> was obtained for the adult. For the first two nymphal instars food consumption rate of 0.052 mg.day<sup>-1</sup> was estimated, for the third instar 0.14 mg.day<sup>-1</sup>, and for the fourth instar 0.19 mg.day<sup>-1</sup>. An whitefly adult can consume in a day six times its weight and an immature eight times, this thanks to the rapid metabolism and a constant excretion of honeydew of the species.</p>

scholarly journals A novel non-trichome based whitefly resistance QTL in Solanum galapagense

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Santegoets ◽  
Marcella Bovio ◽  
Wendy van’t Westende ◽  
Roeland E. Voorrips ◽  
Ben Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Type Iv

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major threat in tomato cultivation. In greenhouse grown tomatoes non-trichome based whitefly resistance may be better suited than glandular trichome based resistance as glandular trichomes may interfere with biocontrol, which is widely used. Analysis of a collection of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum galapagense showed resistance to the whitefly T. vaporariorum on plants without glandular trichomes type IV. The resistance affected whitefly adult survival (AS), but not oviposition rate. This indicates that S. galapagense, in addition to trichome based resistance, also carries non-trichome based resistance components. The effectiveness of the non-trichome based resistance appeared to depend on the season in which the plants were grown. The resistance also had a small but significant effect on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but not on the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. A segregating F2 population was created to map the non-trichome based resistance. Two Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for reduced AS of T. vaporariorum were mapped on chromosomes 12 and 7 (explaining 13.9% and 6.0% of the variance respectively). The QTL on chromosome 12 was validated in F3 lines.

scholarly journals Vibrational communication and mating behavior of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Fattoruso ◽  
Gianfranco Anfora ◽  
Valerio Mazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Vibrational Communication ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Behavioral Manipulation ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Behavioral Transition ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly (GW), Trialeurodes vaporariorum is considered one of the most harmful insect pests in greenhouses worldwide. The GW mating behavior has been partially investigated and its vibrational communication is only in part known. A deeper knowledge of its intraspecific communication is required to evaluate the applicability of control methods based on techniques of behavioral manipulation. In this study, for the first time, we provided a detailed ethogram of the GW mating behavior and we characterized the vibrational signals emitted during the process of pair formation. We characterized two types of male vibrational emissions (“chirp” and “pulses”), differently arranged according to the behavioral stage to form stage-specific signals, and a previously undescribed Male Rivalry Signal. We recorded and characterized two new female signals: The Female Responding Signal and the Female Rejective Signal. The mating behavior of GW can be divided into six different stages that we named “call”, “alternated duet”, “courtship”, “overlapped duet”, “mating”, “failed mating attempt”. The analysis performed with the Markovian behavioral transition matrix showed that the “courtship” is the key stage in which male exhibits its quality and can lead to the “overlapped duet” stage. The latter is strictly associated to the female acceptance and therefore it plays a crucial role to achieve mating success. Based on our findings, we consider the use of vibrational playbacks interfering with GW mating communication a promising option for pest control in greenhouses. We discuss the possibility to start a research program of behavioral manipulation to control the populations of GW.

scholarly journals A Review of Methods and Techniques for Detecting Frost on Plant Surfaces

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Huan Song ◽  
Yongguang Hu ◽  
Yongzong Lu ◽  
Jizhang Wang ◽  
Qingming Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
And Control ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Plant Surfaces

Severe frost usually has adverse impacts on agricultural production, resulting in crop freeze injury, poor crop yield, and crop quality reduction. Timely and accurate detection of frost plays an important role in cold damage warnings, prevention, and control. Current frost detection methods mostly use physical properties such as light, electricity, and heat, or the judge and quantify using environmental factors such as temperature and wind speed. However, it is difficult to detect and accurately identify the frosting phenomenon in real time during field trials because of the complex environment, different plant types, and interference by many factors during observation. To provide an overview of the analytical tools for scientists, researchers, and product developers, a review and comparative analysis of the available literature on frost mechanisms, correlations, and characteristics are presented in this study. First, the mechanisms of the frost formation process, frost level, and the significance of detection, are introduced. Then, the methods and techniques used to measure frost on plant surfaces are synthetically classified and further compared. Moreover, the key points and difficulties are summarized and discussed. Finally, some constructive methods of frost detection are proposed to improve the frost detection process.

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