Survey of Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Sweet Corn Using Yellow Sticky Cards

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Michael S. Orfanedes ◽  
Laura H. Pedersen ◽  
Jonathan J. Kirkwyland ◽  
E. Richard Hoebeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Peak Abundance ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

Yellow cards coated with adhesive were used to survey for the presence, relative abundance and seasonal patterns of lady beetles in research and commercial fields of processing sweet corn in central and western New York in 1992 and 1993. The lady beetles species recorded, in order of abundance were: Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, Coccinella septempunctata L., Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say), Hippodamia parenthesis (Say), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.), Cycloneda munda (Say), Hippodamia glacialis glacialis (F.), Adalia bipunctata (L.), Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant, and Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown. Coleomegilla maculata lengi was in sufficient number to reflect seasonal patterns. Coleomegilla maculata lengi populations rapidly increased in early July, peaked in late July or early August and then rapidly declined. The timing of C. maculata lengi peak abundance was more closely related to day-of-year than to stage of crop development based on accumulated degree days from planting. The pattern of capture of C. maculata lengi at incremental distances into the field did not indicate colonization from the field edge.

scholarly journals Limited Transmission of the Ectoparasitic FungusHesperomyces virescensbetween Lady Beetles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted E. Cottrell ◽  
Eric W. Riddick
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Aphidophagous Lady Beetles ◽  
Bodily Contact

The ectoparasitic fungusHesperomyces virescensThaxter (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) commonly infects the invasive lady beetleHarmonia axyridis(Pallas) and several other aphidophagous lady beetles in North America and Europe. We tested the hypothesis that bodily contact between adults of different lady beetle species supports horizontal transmission ofH. virescens. We used laboratory assays to determine whetherH. axyridisorOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) harboringH. virescens(i.e., source beetles) transmit the fungus to noninfected target beetlesH. axyridis,O. v-nigrum,Coccinella septempunctataL.,Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer), orHippodamia convergensGuerin-Meneville. Results indicate that intraspecific transmission (i.e., for the source beetlesH. axyridisandO. v-nigrum) was common but interspecific transmission (i.e., from sourceH. axyridisorO. v-nigrumto target species) was low. Interspecific transmission occurred at low rates fromH. axyridisto bothC. septempunctataandO. v-nigrumand fromO. v-nigrumto bothC. septempunctataandH. convergens. Based upon our laboratory assays of forced pairings/groupings of source and target beetles, we predict that horizontal transmission ofH. virescensbetween species of aphidophagous coccinellids is possible but likely rare.

scholarly journals Incorporating a Sorghum Habitat for Enhancing Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Cotton

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Tillman ◽  
T. E. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) prey on insect pests in cotton. The objective of this 2 yr on-farm study was to document the impact of a grain sorghum trap crop on the density of Coccinellidae on nearby cotton.Scymnusspp.,Coccinella septempunctata(L.),Hippodamia convergensGuérin-Méneville,Harmonia axyridis(Pallas),Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer),Cycloneda munda(Say), andOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) were found in sorghum over both years. Lady beetle compositions in sorghum and cotton and in yellow pyramidal traps were similar. For both years, density of lady beetles generally was higher on cotton with sorghum than on control cotton. Our results indicate that sorghum was a source of lady beetles in cotton, and thus incorporation of a sorghum habitat in farmscapes with cotton has great potential to enhance biocontrol of insect pests in cotton.

Measuring the Costs of Limb Regeneration and Their Transgenerational Consequences in Two Nearctic Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1780-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Michaud ◽  
Ahmed H Abdelwahab ◽  
Mohamed H Bayoumy ◽  
S S Awadalla ◽  
M El-Gendy
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Regenerative Ability ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Parental Mating

Abstract We examined the ability of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville to regenerate, during pupation, a foreleg amputated in the fourth instar. Leg regeneration was complete for 80.7% of amputated H. convergens larvae, with 12.5% regenerating partially, and 6.8% showing no regeneration. Regeneration in C. maculata was 72.2% complete, 20.5% partial, and 7.2% none, but mortality following ablation was slightly higher than for H. convergens (7.4 vs. 0.6%). Ablation/regeneration caused a slight delay in pupation, but pupation time, fresh mass at emergence, and reproductive performance remained unaffected in either species. Reciprocal crosses were made between regenerated and unoperated beetles, and 12 progeny reared from the second clutch of each female in all treatments. Mating treatment affected eclosion time in H. convergens, whereas in C. maculata, larval development and pupation time were also affected. Considering all treatments, larval mortality was higher in H. convergens than in C. maculata, but lower when both H. convergens parents regenerated. Parental mating treatment did not affect adult weight in either species, but development of C. maculata progeny was faster when only the sire regenerated, and slower when the only the dame regenerated, whereas progeny of regenerated sires completed pupated faster than those sired by controls. We infer that genes activated during regeneration have pleiotropic effects with subtle, gender-specific, epigenetic consequences. If these pleiotropic effects are genetically linked to important traits, regenerative genetic elements could be conserved in coccinellids via natural selection acting on these traits, rather than on regenerative ability per se.

Treatment Thresholds for European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestations in Early-Season Fresh Market Sweet Corn

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale I. M. Riggs ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Larry C. Thetford
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

We examined the effect of varying thresholds for treatment of first generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), infestations in early-season fresh market sweet corn in eastern New York over a 3-year period. Seven treatment thresholds were compared: (1) 15% infested plants at whorl stage, 5% infested plants at tassel and silk stage, (2) 15% at whorl stage, 15% at tassel and silk stage, (3) 30% at whorl stage, 5% at tassel and silk stage, (4) 30% at whorl stage, 15% at tassel and silk, (5) 5% at tassel and silk stage, (6) 15% at tassel and silk stage, and (7) control (untreated). When thresholds were reached, permethrin was applied using an air-blast sprayer. Results indicated little difference in percentage marketable ears whether plants were treated or not at whorl stage, and the tassel stage threshold could be raised to 15% infested plants with no significant effect on percentage marketable ears. We found no difference in marketable yield among plots treated from one side or both sides with an air-blast sprayer.

scholarly journals Competition for Aphid Prey between Different Lady Beetle Species in a Laboratory Arena

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Leppanen ◽  
Andrei Alyokhin ◽  
Serena Gross
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Aphid Prey ◽  
Aphid Consumption ◽  
Asymmetric Interactions

Direct competition for aphid prey (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was evaluated between and among several lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The behavior of three native (Coccinella trifasciata, Coleomegilla maculata,andHippodamia convergens) and four nonnative (Coccinella septempunctata,Harmonia axyridis,Hippodamia variegata,andPropylea quatuordecimpunctata) lady beetles was observed in laboratory arenas. The beetles were kept alone, paired with conspecifics or paired with heterospecifics, and presented with potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae).Harmonia axyridiswas the most successful aphid predator in our study, being able to find aphids more quickly and consume more of them compared to most other lady beetle species. It was also by far the most aggressive of the tested species.Coccinella septempunctata, C. trifasciata,andC. maculatagenerally followedH. axyridisin aphid consumption. Prey discovery, consumption, and aggressive behaviors were dependent on which species were present in the arena. Except for the generally superiorH. axyridis, there was no obvious dominance hierarchy among the other tested species and no dichotomy between the native and non-native species. Asymmetric interactions between lady beetle species may affect their abilities to coexist in the same habitat.

Dissipation of Fomesafen in New York State Soils and Potential to Cause Carryover Injury to Sweet Corn

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Rauch ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
Mike Lane ◽  
Janice E. Thies
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
New York State ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Planting Season

The manufacturer's recommended rate for fomesafen in snap beans, dry beans, and soybeans may cause carryover injury in sweet corn. A field experiment, a survey, and multiple greenhouse experiments were conducted to (1) estimate the fomesafen residue concentrations in the soil that might result from use of lower than registered rates, (2) estimate fomesafen residue concentrations in growers' fields and evaluate grower practices for their effects on carryover potential, and (3) investigate the effects of soil type and sweet corn variety on the potential for fomesafen to cause injury to sweet corn. Results of the dissipation study predicted average soil concentrations to be approximately 0.019 mg fomesafen/kg soil at the start of the sweet corn planting season. Half-life values ranged between 28 and 66 d, with an average of 50 d. Residues in grower fields were slightly less than those found in the dissipation study. Injury from fomesafen varied significantly by sweet corn variety and by soil type. Sweet corn grown in soils with high organic matter and low pH were most susceptible to injury from fomesafen. At high rates of fomesafen (0.12 mg/kg), reductions in dry weight of sweet corn varieties ranged from 5 to 60%. At rates of fomesafen slightly higher than those detected in field soils at the time of sweet corn planting (0.03 mg/kg), dry weight either increased slightly (variety trial) or decreased by 6 to 12% (soil-effect trial) depending on soil type. The risk of sweet corn yield losses because of fomesafen carryover appear relatively low. Growers can reduce the risk of carryover injury by planting tolerant varieties in fields where fomesafen was applied the preceding year.

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